Given $a_1\ge 1$ and $a_{k+1}\ge a_k+1$ for all $k\ge 1,2,\dots,n$, show that $a_1^3+a_2^3+\dots+a_n^3\ge (a_1+a_2+\dots+a_n)^2$

Find all positive integers $k$ for which the equation: $$ \text{lcm}(m,n)-\text{gcd}(m,n)=k(m-n)$$ has no solution in integers positive $(m,n)$ with $m\neq n$.

A magic $3 \times 5$ board can toggle its cells between black and white. Define a \textit{pattern} to be an assignment of black or white to each of the board's $15$ cells (so there are $2^{15}$ patterns total). Every day after Day 1, at the beginning of the day, the board gets bored with its black-white pattern and makes a new one. However, the board always wants to be unique and will die if any two of its patterns are less than $3$ cells different from each other. Furthermore, the board dies if it becomes all white. If the board begins with all cells black on Day $1$, compute the maximum number of days it can stay alive.

Let $m,n\geq 2$. One needs to cover the table $m \times n$ using only the following tiles: Tile 1 - A square $2 \times 2$. Tile 2 - A L-shaped tile with five cells, in other words, the square $3 \times 3$ [b]without[/b] the upper right square $2 \times 2$. Each tile 1 covers exactly $4$ cells and each tile 2 covers exactly $5$ cells. Rotation is allowed. Determine all pairs $(m,n)$, such that the covering is possible.

An integer $a$ is called friendly if the equation $(m^2+n)(n^2+m)=a(m-n)^3$ has a solution over the positive integers. [b]a)[/b] Prove that there are at least $500$ friendly integers in the set $\{ 1,2,\ldots ,2012\}$. [b]b)[/b] Decide whether $a=2$ is friendly.

A natural number $n$ is said to have the property $P$, if whenever $n$ divides $a^{n}-1$ for some integer $a$, $n^2$ also necessarily divides $a^{n}-1$. [list=a] [*] Show that every prime number $n$ has the property $P$. [*] Show that there are infinitely many composite numbers $n$ that possess the property $P$. [/list]

For all pairwise distinct positive real numbers $a, b, c$ such that $abc = 1$, prove that $$\frac{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+1}{(a+b+c+1)^2}+\frac{3}{8}\sqrt[3]{\frac{(a^2-b^2)^3+(b^2-c^2)^3+(c^2-a^2)^3}{(a-b)^3+(b-c)^3+(c-a)^3}}\geq 1.$$

Each term of the sequence $5, 12, 19, 26, \cdots$ is $7$ more than the term that precedes it. What is the first term of the sequence that is greater than $2017$? $\text{(A) }2018\qquad\text{(B) }2019\qquad\text{(C) }2020\qquad\text{(D) }2021\qquad\text{(E) }2022$

Let $a,b,c$ be positive rational numbers such that $\sqrt a+\sqrt b=c$. Show that $\sqrt a$ and $\sqrt b$ are also rational.

In triangle $ABC$ on side $AC$ are points $K$, $L$ and $M$ such that $BK$ is an angle bisector of $\angle ABL$, $BL$ is an angle bisector of $\angle KBM$ and $BM$ is an angle bisector of $\angle LBC$, respectively. Prove that $4 \cdot LM <AC$ and $3\cdot \angle BAC - \angle ACB < 180^{\circ}$

Consider the function $ f(\theta) \equal{} \int_0^1 |\sqrt {1 \minus{} x^2} \minus{} \sin \theta|dx$ in the interval of $ 0\leq \theta \leq \frac {\pi}{2}$. (1) Find the maximum and minimum values of $ f(\theta)$. (2) Evaluate $ \int_0^{\frac {\pi}{2}} f(\theta)\ d\theta$.

Inside square $ABCD$ consider a point $M$. Prove that the points of intersection of the medians of triangles $ABM, BCM, CDM$ and $DAM$ form a square. (V Prasolov)

Let $ABCD$ be a convex quadrilateral with $\angle B= \angle D$. Prove that the midpoint of $BD$ lies on the common internal tangent to the incircles of triangles $ABC$ and $ACD$.

Let $P(x)$ be a quadratic polynomial satisfying the following conditions: [list] [*] $P(x)$ has leading coefficient $1$. [*] $P(x)$ has nonnegative integer roots that are at most $2022$. [*] the set of the roots of $P(x)$ is a subset of the set of the roots of $P(P(x))$. [/list] Let $S$ be the set of all such possible $P(x)$, and let $Q(x)$ be the polynomial obtained upon summing all the elements of $S$. Find the sum of the roots of $Q(x)$.

Define $$P(x) =(x-1^2)(x-2^2)\cdots(x-100^2).$$ How many integers $n$ are there such that $P(n)\leq 0$? $\textbf{(A) } 4900 \qquad \textbf{(B) } 4950\qquad \textbf{(C) } 5000\qquad \textbf{(D) } 5050 \qquad \textbf{(E) } 5100$

Find the smallest odd natural number $N$ such that $N^2$ is the sum of an odd number (greater than $1$) of squares of adjacent positive integers.

Two circles with radius $2$, $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$, are centered at $O_1$ and $O_2$ respectively. The circles $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ are externally tangent to each other and internally tangent to a larger circle $\omega$ centered at $O$ at points $A$ and $B$, respectively. Let $M$ be the midpoint of minor arc $AB$. Let $P$ be the intersection of $\omega_1$ and $O_1M$, and let $Q$ be the intersection of $\omega_2$ and $O_2M$. Given that there is a point $R$ on $\omega$ such that $\triangle PQR$ is equilateral, the radius of $\omega$ can be written as $\frac{a+\sqrt{b}}{c}$ where $a$, $b$, and $c$ are positive integers and $a$ and $c$ are relatively prime. Find $a+b+c$.

We say that a set $S$ of integers is [i]rootiful[/i] if, for any positive integer $n$ and any $a_0, a_1, \cdots, a_n \in S$, all integer roots of the polynomial $a_0+a_1x+\cdots+a_nx^n$ are also in $S$. Find all rootiful sets of integers that contain all numbers of the form $2^a - 2^b$ for positive integers $a$ and $b$.

For which $k$ does the system $x^2 - y^2 = 0, (x-k)^2 + y^2 = 1$ have exactly: (i) two, (ii) three real solutions?

Determine the largest positive integer $k$ for which the following statement is true: given $k$ distinct subsets of the set $\{1, 2, 3, \dots , 2023\}$, each with $1011$ elements, it is possible partition the subsets into two collections so that any two subsets in one same collection have some element in common.

How many numbers among $1,2,\ldots,2012$ have a positive divisor that is a cube other than $1$? $\text{(A) }346\qquad\text{(B) }336\qquad\text{(C) }347\qquad\text{(D) }251\qquad\text{(E) }393$

Given six three-element subsets of a finite set $X$, show that it is possible to color the elements of $X$ in two colors so that none of the given subsets is in one color

Five dice are rolled. The product of the faces are then computed. Which result has a larger probability of occurring; $180$ or $144$?

A customer who intends to purchase an appliance has three coupons, only one of which may be used: Coupon 1: $10\%$ off the listed price if the listed price is at least $\$50$ Coupon 2: $\$20$ off the listed price if the listed price is at least $\$100$ Coupon 3: $18\%$ off the amount by which the listed price exceeds $\$100$ For which of the following listed prices will coupon $1$ offer a greater price reduction than either coupon $2$ or coupon $3$? $\textbf{(A) }\$179.95\qquad \textbf{(B) }\$199.95\qquad \textbf{(C) }\$219.95\qquad \textbf{(D) }\$239.95\qquad \textbf{(E) }\$259.95\qquad$

Each half of this figure is composed of 3 red triangles, 5 blue triangles and 8 white triangles. When the upper half is folded down over the centerline, 2 pairs of red triangles coincide, as do 3 pairs of blue triangles. There are 2 red-white pairs. How many white pairs coincide? [asy] draw((0,0)--(4,4*sqrt(3))); draw((1,-sqrt(3))--(5,3*sqrt(3))); draw((2,-2*sqrt(3))--(6,2*sqrt(3))); draw((3,-3*sqrt(3))--(7,sqrt(3))); draw((4,-4*sqrt(3))--(8,0)); draw((8,0)--(4,4*sqrt(3))); draw((7,-sqrt(3))--(3,3*sqrt(3))); draw((6,-2*sqrt(3))--(2,2*sqrt(3))); draw((5,-3*sqrt(3))--(1,sqrt(3))); draw((4,-4*sqrt(3))--(0,0)); draw((3,3*sqrt(3))--(5,3*sqrt(3))); draw((2,2*sqrt(3))--(6,2*sqrt(3))); draw((1,sqrt(3))--(7,sqrt(3))); draw((-1,0)--(9,0)); draw((1,-sqrt(3))--(7,-sqrt(3))); draw((2,-2*sqrt(3))--(6,-2*sqrt(3))); draw((3,-3*sqrt(3))--(5,-3*sqrt(3)));[/asy] $ \text{(A)}\ 4\qquad\text{(B)}\ 5\qquad\text{(C)}\ 6\qquad\text{(D)}\ 7\qquad\text{(E)}\ 9 $