Suppose that a closed oriented polygonal line $\mathcal{L}$ in the plane does not pass through a point $O$, and is symmetric with respect to $O$. Prove that the winding number of $\mathcal{L}$ around $O$ is odd. The winding number of $\mathcal{L}$ around $O$ is defined to be the following sum of the oriented angles divided by $2\pi$: $$\deg_O\mathcal{L} := \dfrac{\angle A_1OA_2+\angle A_2OA_3+\dots+\angle A_{n-1}OA_n+\angle A_nOA_1}{2\pi}.$$

What is the area enclosed by the graph of $ |3x| \plus{} |4y| \equal{} 12$? $ \textbf{(A)}\ 6\qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 12\qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 16\qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 24\qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 25$

Let be a bounded sequence of positive real numbers $ \left( x_n \right)_{n\ge 1} $ satisfying the recurrence: $$ x_{n+3} =\sqrt[3]{3x_n-2} . $$ Prove that $ \left( x_n \right)_{n\ge 1} $ is convergent. [i]Cristinel Mortici[/i]

Find all integer solutions to the equation $y^2=2x^4+17$.

The bisector of angle $CAB$ of triangle $ABC$ intersects the side $CB$ at $L$. The point $D$ is the foot of the perpendicular from $C$ to $AL$ and the point $E$ is the foot of perpendicular from $L$ to $AB$. The lines $CB$ and $DE$ meet at $F$. Prove that $AF$ is an altitude of triangle $ABC$.

Let \[ E_n=(a_1-a_2)(a_1-a_3)\ldots(a_1-a_n)+(a_2-a_1)(a_2-a_3)\ldots(a_2-a_n)+\ldots+(a_n-a_1)(a_n-a_2)\ldots(a_n-a_{n-1}). \] Let $S_n$ be the proposition that $E_n\ge0$ for all real $a_i$. Prove that $S_n$ is true for $n=3$ and $5$, but for no other $n>2$.

A paper square with sidelength $2$ is given. From this square, can we cut out a $12$-gon having all sidelengths equal to $1$ and all angles divisible by $45^\circ$?

Let $a$ and $b$ be distinct positive real numbers, such that $a -\sqrt{ab}$ and $b -\sqrt{ab}$ are both rational numbers. Prove that $a$ and $b$ are rational numbers.

A star-polygon is drawn on a clock face by drawing a chord from each number to the firth number counted clockwise from that number. That is, chords are drawn from $ 12$ to $ 5,$ from $ 5$ to $ 10,$ from $ 10$ to $ 3,$ and so on, ending back at $ 12.$ What is the degree measure of the angle at each vertex in the star-polygon? $ \textbf{(A)}\ 20 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 24 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 30 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 36 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 60$

$a_0 = a_1 = 1$ and ${a_{n+1} . a_{n-1}} = a_n . (a_n + 1)$ for all positive integers n. prove that $a_n$ is one integer for all positive integers n.

Let $a, b, c$ be the positive real numbers such that $a+b+c+2=abc .$ Prove that $$(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)\geq 27.$$

Rank the [i]magnitudes[/i] of the maximum velocity achieved during the ten second interval. (A) $\text{I} > \text{II} > \text{III}$ (B) $\text{II} > \text{I} > \text{III}$ (C) $\text{III} > \text{II} > \text{I}$ (D) $\text{I} > \text{II = III}$ (E) $\text{I = II = III}$

Given a sequence $ (c_n) $ of natural numbers defined recursively: $ c_1 = 2 $, $ c_{n+1} = \left[ \frac{3}{2}c_n\right] $. Prove that there are infinitely many even numbers and infinitely many odd numbers among the terms of this sequence.

A rectangle intersects a circle as shown: $AB=4$, $BC=5$, and $DE=3$. Then $EF$ equals: [asy]size(200); defaultpen(linewidth(0.7)+fontsize(10)); pair D=origin, E=(3,0), F=(10,0), G=(12,0), H=(12,1), A=(0,1), B=(4,1), C=(9,1), O=circumcenter(B,C,F); draw(D--G--H--A--cycle); draw(Circle(O, abs(O-C))); label("$A$", A, NW); label("$B$", B, NW); label("$C$", C, NE); label("$D$", D, SW); label("$E$", E, SE); label("$F$", F, SW); label("4", (2,0.85), N); label("3", D--E, S); label("5", (6.5,0.85), N); [/asy] $\mathbf{(A)}\; 6\qquad \mathbf{(B)}\; 7\qquad \mathbf{(C)}\; \frac{20}3\qquad \mathbf{(D)}\; 8\qquad \mathbf{(E)}\; 9$

In the accompanying figure, the outer square has side length 40. A second square S' of side length 15 is constructed inside S with the same center as S and with sides parallel to those of S. From each midpoint of a side of S, segments are drawn to the two closest vertices of S'. The result is a four-pointed starlike figure inscribed in S. The star figure is cut out and then folded to form a pyramid with base S'. Find the volume of this pyramid. [asy] draw((0,0)--(8,0)--(8,8)--(0,8)--(0,0)); draw((2.5,2.5)--(4,0)--(5.5,2.5)--(8,4)--(5.5,5.5)--(4,8)--(2.5,5.5)--(0,4)--(2.5,2.5)--(5.5,2.5)--(5.5,5.5)--(2.5,5.5)--(2.5,2.5)); [/asy]

Anton has an isosceles right triangle, which he wants to cut into $9$ triangular parts in the way shown in the picture. What is the largest number of the resulting $9$ parts that can be equilateral triangles? A more formal description of partitioning. Let triangle $ABC$ be given. We choose two points on its sides so that they go in the order $AC_1C_2BA_1A_2CB_1B_2$, and no two coincide. In addition, the segments $C_1A_2$, $A_1B_2$ and $B_1C_2$ must intersect at one point. Then the partition is given by segments $C_1A_2$, $A_1B_2$, $B_1C_2$, $A_1C_2$, $B_1A_2$ and $C_1B_2$. [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/0/5/5dd914b987983216342e23460954d46755d351.png[/img]

Define the sequence of positive integers $a_n$ recursively by $a_1=7$ and $a_n=7^{a_{n-1}}$ for all $n\geq 2$. Determine the last two digits of $a_{2007}$.

Suppose $a$, $b$, and $c$ are relatively prime integers such that \[\frac{a}{b+c} = 2\qquad\text{and}\qquad \frac{b}{a+c} = 3.\] What is $|c|$?

Let $N_7$ be the answer to problem 7. Each side of a regular $N_7$-gon is colored with a single color from a set of two given colors. Two colorings that can be obtained from one another by a rotation or a reflection of the entire figure are considered the same. Compute the number of possible different colorings.

Daan distributes the numbers $1$ to $9$ over the nine squares of a $3\times 3$-table (each square receives exactly one number). Then, in each row, Daan circles the median number (the number that is neither the smallest nor the largest of the three). For example, if the numbers $8, 1$, and $2$ are in one row, he circles the number $2$. He does the same for each column and each of the two diagonals. If a number is already circled, he does not circle it again. He calls the result of this process a [i]median table[/i]. Above, you can see a median table that has $5$ circled numbers. (a) What is the [b]smallest [/b] possible number of circled numbers in a median table? [i] Prove that a smaller number is not possible and give an example in which a minimum number of numbers is circled.[/i] (b) What is the [b]largest [/b] possible number of circled numbers in a median table? [i]Prove that a larger number is not possible and give an example in which a maximum number of numbers is circled.[/i] [asy] unitsize (0.8 cm); int i; for (i = 0; i <= 3; ++i) { draw((0,i)--(3,i)); draw((i,0)--(i,3)); } draw(Circle((0.5,2.5),0.3)); draw(Circle((2.5,2.5),0.3)); draw(Circle((1.5,1.5),0.3)); draw(Circle((2.5,1.5),0.3)); draw(Circle((1.5,0.5),0.3)); label("$8$", (0.5,2.5)); label("$1$", (1.5,2.5)); label("$2$", (2.5,2.5)); label("$7$", (0.5,1.5)); label("$6$", (1.5,1.5)); label("$3$", (2.5,1.5)); label("$9$", (0.5,0.5)); label("$5$", (1.5,0.5)); label("$4$", (2.5,0.5)); [/asy]

Let $PQRS$ be a cyclic quadrilateral such that the segments $PQ$ and $RS$ are not parallel. Consider the set of circles through $P$ and $Q$, and the set of circles through $R$ and $S$. Determine the set $A$ of points of tangency of circles in these two sets.

Let us have a line $\ell$ in the space and a point $A$ not lying on $\ell.$ For an arbitrary line $\ell'$ passing through $A$, $XY$ ($Y$ is on $\ell'$) is a common perpendicular to the lines $\ell$ and $\ell'.$ Find the locus of points $Y.$

If $w = a + bi$, where $a$ and $b$ are real numbers, then $\Re(w) = a$ and $\Im(w) = b$. Let $z=c+di$, where $c, d \ge 0$. If \begin{align*} \Re(z) + \Im (z) & = 7, \\ \Re(z^2) + \Im(z^2) & = 17, \end{align*} then compute $\left | \Re\left (z^3 \right ) + \Im \left (z^3 \right ) \right |$. [i]Proposed by Lewis Chen[/i]

Let $ p$ be a prime, $ n$ a natural number, and $ S$ a set of cardinality $ p^n$ . Let $ \textbf{P}$ be a family of partitions of $ S$ into nonempty parts of sizes divisible by $ p$ such that the intersection of any two parts that occur in any of the partitions has at most one element. How large can $ |\textbf{P}|$ be?

The company has $100$ people. For any $k$, we can find a group of $k$ people such that there are two (different from them) strangers, each of them knows all of these $k$ people. At what maximum $k$ is this possible?