Find $\lim_{n\to\infty} \left(\frac{_{3n}C_n}{_{2n}C_n}\right)^{\frac{1}{n}}$ where $_iC_j$ is a binominal coefficient which means $\frac{i\cdot (i-1)\cdots(i-j+1)}{j\cdot (j-1)\cdots 2\cdot 1}$.

Prove that the roots of\[x^5 + ax^4 + bx^3 + cx^2 + dx + e = 0\] cannot all be real if $2a^2 < 5b$.

Let $ f:\mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R} $ be an increasing function satisfying the following conditions: 1. $ f(x+1) = f(x) + 1 $ for each $ x \in \mathbb{R} $, 2. there exists an integer p such that $ f(f(f(O))) = p $. Prove that for every real number $ x $ $$ \lim_{n\to \infty} \frac{x_n}{n} = \frac{p}{3}.$$ where $ x_1 = x $ and $ x_n =f(x_{n-1}) $ for $ n = 2, 3, \ldots $.

Let $f(x)=\prod_{n=1}^{\infty} \left( 1 + \frac{x}{2^n} \right)$. Show that at the point $x=1$, $f(x)$ and all its derivatives are irrational.

Let $a,\ b$ be real numbers. Suppose that a function $f(x)$ satisfies $f(x)=a\sin x+b\cos x+\int_{-\pi}^{\pi} f(t)\cos t\ dt$ and has the maximum value $2\pi$ for $-\pi \leq x\leq \pi$. Find the minimum value of $\int_{-\pi}^{\pi} \{f(x)\}^2dx.$ [i]2010 Chiba University entrance exam[/i]

On a long straight stretch of one-way single-lane highway, cars all travel at the same speed and all obey the safety rule: the distance from the back of the car ahead to the front of the car behind is exactly one car length for each 15 kilometers per hour of speed or fraction thereof (Thus the front of a car traveling 52 kilometers per hour will be four car lengths behind the back of the car in front of it.) A photoelectric eye by the side of the road counts the number of cars that pass in one hour. Assuming that each car is 4 meters long and that the cars can travel at any speed, let $ M$ be the maximum whole number of cars that can pass the photoelectric eye in one hour. Find the quotient when $ M$ is divided by 10.

Let $f(0, 0) = 5^{2003}, f(0, n) = 0$ for every integer $n \neq 0$ and \[\begin{array}{c}\ f(m, n) = f(m-1, n) - 2 \cdot \Bigg\lfloor \frac{f(m-1, n)}{2}\Bigg\rfloor + \Bigg\lfloor\frac{f(m-1, n-1)}{2}\Bigg\rfloor + \Bigg\lfloor\frac{f(m-1, n+1)}{2}\Bigg\rfloor \end{array}\] for every natural number $m > 0$ and for every integer $n$. Prove that there exists a positive integer $M$ such that $f(M, n) = 1$ for all integers $n$ such that $|n| \leq \frac{(5^{2003}-1)}{2}$ and $f(M, n) = 0$ for all integers n such that $|n| > \frac{5^{2003}-1}{2}.$

Let be a continuous and periodic function $ f:\mathbb{R}\longrightarrow [0,\infty ) $ of period $ 1. $ Show: [b]a)[/b] $ a\in\mathbb{R}\implies\int_a^{a+1} f(x)dx =\int_0^1 f(x) dx . $ [b]b)[/b] $ \lim_{n\to\infty} \int_0^1 f(x)f(nx) dx=\left( \int_0^1 f(x) dx \right)^2 . $ [i]C. Mortici[/i]

Let be the sequence $ \left( I_n \right)_{n\ge 1} $ defined as $ I_n=\int_0^{\pi } \frac{dx}{x+\sin^n x +\cos^n x} . $ [b]a)[/b] Study the monotony of $ \left( I_n \right)_{n\ge 1} . $ [b]b)[/b] Calculate the limit of $ \left( I_n \right)_{n\ge 1} . $

Define $f(n):$ the number of integral points of line segment $OA_n$ ($O$ and $A_n$ not included), where $A_n(n,n+3)$. Then, $f(1)+f(2)+\cdots+f(1990)=$________.

Let $r$ be a positive constant. If 2 curves $C_1: y=\frac{2x^2}{x^2+1},\ C_2: y=\sqrt{r^2-x^2}$ have each tangent line at their point of intersection and at which their tangent lines are perpendicular each other, then find the area of the figure bounded by $C_1,\ C_2$.

For a positive constant number $ t$, let denote $ D$ the region surrounded by the curve $ y \equal{} e^{x}$, the line $ x \equal{} t$, the $ x$ axis and the $ y$ axis. Let $ V_x,\ V_y$ be the volumes of the solid obtained by rotating $ D$ about the $ x$ axis and the $ y$ axis respectively. Compare the size of $ V_x,\ V_y.$

Find the following limit. $ \lim_{n\to\infty} \int_{\minus{}1}^1 |x|\left(1\plus{}x\plus{}\frac{x^2}{2}\plus{}\frac{x^3}{3}\plus{}\cdots \plus{}\frac{x^{2n}}{2n}\right)\ dx$.

\[\int_1^2 \cos(\sin^{-1}(\tan(\cos^{-1}(\sin(\tan^{-1}(x))))))\mathrm dx\] [i]Proposed by Robert Trosten[/i]

Let be a function $ f $ of class $ \mathcal{C}^1[a,b] $ whose derivative is positive. Prove that there exists a real number $ c\in (a,b) $ such that $$ f(f(b))-f(f(a))=(f'(c))^2(b-a) . $$

Find the Green's function of the operator $d^2/dx^2-1$ and solve the equation \[\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}e^{-|x-y|}u(y)dy=e^{-x^2}\]

Find $ \lim_{n\to\infty} \sum_{k\equal{}1}^n \ln \left(1\plus{}\frac{k^a}{n^{a\plus{}1}}\right).$

The roots of the equation \[ x^3-3ax^2+bx+18c=0 \] form a non-constant arithmetic progression and the roots of the equation \[ x^3+bx^2+x-c^3=0 \] form a non-constant geometric progression. Given that $a,b,c$ are real numbers, find all positive integral values $a$ and $b$.

Let $ f(x) \equal{} (1 \plus{} x)\cdot\sqrt{(2 \plus{} x^2)}\cdot\sqrt[3]{(3 \plus{} x^3)}$. Determine $ f'(1)$.

Let $ f:[0,1]\longrightarrow\mathbb{R}_+^* $ be a Riemann-integrable function. Calculate $ \lim_{n\to\infty}\left(-n+\sum_{i=1}^ne^{\frac{1}{n}\cdot f\left(\frac{i}{n}\right)}\right) . $

The number of integral points satisfy $\begin{cases} y\leq 3x\\ y\geq \frac{x}{3}\\ x+y\geq100 \end{cases}$ on the coordinate plane is________.

A sequence $\{a_n\}$ is defined by $a_n=\int_0^1 x^3(1-x)^n dx\ (n=1,2,3.\cdots)$ Find the constant number $c$ such that $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} (n+c)(a_n-a_{n+1})=\frac{1}{3}$

If $\log_{2x}216 = x$, where $x$ is real, then $x$ is: $ \textbf{(A)}\ \text{A non-square, non-cube integer} \qquad$ $\textbf{(B)}\ \text{A non-square, non-cube, non-integral rational number} \qquad$ $\textbf{(C)}\ \text{An irrational number} \qquad$ $\textbf{(D)}\ \text{A perfect square}\qquad$ $\textbf{(E)}\ \text{A perfect cube} $

Given arbitrary positive integer $ a$ larger than $ 1$, show that for any positive integer $ n$, there always exists a n-degree integral coefficient polynomial $ p(x)$, such that $ p(0)$, $ p(1)$, $ \cdots$, $ p(n)$ are pairwise distinct positive integers, and all have the form of $ 2a^k\plus{}3$, where $ k$ is also an integer.

Consider a function real-valued function with $C^{\infty}$-class on $\mathbb{R}$ such that: (a) $f(0)=\frac{df}{dx}(0)=0,\ \frac{d^2f}{dx^2}(0)\neq 0.$ (b) For $x\neq 0,\ f(x)>0.$ Judge whether the following integrals $(i),\ (ii)$ converge or diverge, justify your answer. $(i)$ \[\int\int_{|x_1|^2+|x_2|^2\leq 1} \frac{dx_1dx_2}{f(x_1)+f(x_2)}.\] $(ii)$ \[\int\int_{|x_1|^2+|x_2|^2+|x_3|^2\leq 1} \frac{dx_1dx_2dx_3}{f(x_1)+f(x_2)+f(x_3)}.\] [i]2010 Kyoto University, Master Course in Mathematics[/i]