Olympiad problems

2002 Moldova National Olympiad, 12.5

Tags: inequalities , calculus

Let $0 \le a \le b \le c \le 3$ Prove : $(a-b)(a^2-9)+(a-c)(b^2-9)+(b-c)(c^2-9) \le 36$

2005 Czech-Polish-Slovak Match, 1

Tags: polynomial , calculus , derivative , function , analytic geometry , graphing lines , algebra

Let $n$ be a given positive integer. Solve the system \[x_1 + x_2^2 + x_3^3 + \cdots + x_n^n = n,\] \[x_1 + 2x_2 + 3x_3 + \cdots + nx_n = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}\] in the set of nonnegative real numbers.

2013 ELMO Problems, 2

Tags: function , calculus , derivative , 3-variable inequality , logarithm , inequalities

Let $a,b,c$ be positive reals satisfying $a+b+c = \sqrt[7]{a} + \sqrt[7]{b} + \sqrt[7]{c}$. Prove that $a^a b^b c^c \ge 1$. [i]Proposed by Evan Chen[/i]

2024 CMIMC Integration Bee, 13

Tags: calculus , integration

\[\int_0^{2\pi} \frac{1}{3+2 \sqrt{3} \cos x + \cos^2 x}\mathrm dx\] [i]Proposed by Robert Trosten[/i]

2007 Gheorghe Vranceanu, 4

Tags: function , cesaro-stolz , sequence , real analysis , integral limit , calculus , integration

Let be a sequence $ \left( a_n \right)_{n\geqslant 1} $ of real numbers defined recursively as $$ a_n=2007+1004n^2-a_{n-1}-a_{n-2}-\cdots -a_2-a_1. $$ Calculate: $$ \lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{1}{n}\int_1^{a_n} e^{1/\ln t} dt $$

2009 Harvard-MIT Mathematics Tournament, 10

Tags: calculus , integration , trigonometry , function , derivative , geometric series

Let $a$ and $b$ be real numbers satisfying $a>b>0$. Evaluate \[\int_0^{2\pi}\dfrac{1}{a+b\cos(\theta)}d\theta.\] Express your answer in terms of $a$ and $b$.

1999 Tuymaada Olympiad, 4

Tags: calculus , integration , analytic geometry , geometry , parallelogram , number theory , greatest common divisor

A right parallelepiped (i.e. a parallelepiped one of whose edges is perpendicular to a face) is given. Its vertices have integral coordinates, and no other points with integral coordinates lie on its faces or edges. Prove that the volume of this parallelepiped is a sum of three perfect squares. [i]Proposed by A. Golovanov[/i]

2011 AMC 12/AHSME, 19

Tags: analytic geometry , calculus , integration , inequalities

A lattice point in an $xy$-coordinate system is any point $(x,y)$ where both $x$ and $y$ are integers. The graph of $y=mx+2$ passes through no lattice point with $0<x \le 100$ for all $m$ such that $\frac{1}{2}<m<a$. What is the maximum possible value of $a$? $ \textbf{(A)}\ \frac{51}{101} \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \frac{50}{99} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ \frac{51}{100} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ \frac{52}{101} \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \frac{13}{25} $

2010 Today's Calculation Of Integral, 604

Tags: calculus , integration , limit , calculus computations

Let $r$ be a positive integer. Determine the value of $a$ for which the limit value $\lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{\sum_{k=1}^n k^r}{n^a} $ has a non zero finite value, then find the limit value. 1956 Tokyo Institute of Technology entrance exam

2011 Harvard-MIT Mathematics Tournament, 3

Tags: hmmt , calculus , integration , logarithm

Evaluate $\displaystyle \int_1^\infty \left(\frac{\ln x}{x}\right)^{2011} dx$.

2007 ITest, 31

Tags: calculus , integration , geometry , inequalities

Let $x$ be the length of one side of a triangle and let $y$ be the height to that side. If $x+y=418$, find the maximum possible $\textit{integral value}$ of the area of the triangle.

2010 Tuymaada Olympiad, 1

Tags: limit , calculus , integration , algebra

We have a set $M$ of real numbers with $|M|>1$ such that for any $x\in M$ we have either $3x-2\in M$ or $-4x+5\in M$. Show that $M$ is infinite.

2005 Today's Calculation Of Integral, 75

Tags: calculus , integration , function , trigonometry , induction , calculus computations

A function $f(\theta)$ satisfies the following conditions $(a),(b)$. $(a)\ f(\theta)\geq 0$ $(b)\ \int_0^{\pi} f(\theta)\sin \theta d\theta =1$ Prove the following inequality. \[\int_0^{\pi} f(\theta)\sin n\theta \ d\theta \leq n\ (n=1,2,\cdots)\]

2020 CHMMC Winter (2020-21), 6

Tags: algebra , calculus

Suppose that \[ \prod_{n=1}^{\infty}\left(\frac{1+i\cot\left(\frac{n\pi}{2n+1}\right)}{1-i\cot\left(\frac{n\pi}{2n+1}\right)}\right)^{\frac{1}{n}} = \left(\frac{p}{q}\right)^{i \pi}, \] where $p$ and $q$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $p+q$. [i]Note: for a complex number $z = re^{i \theta}$ for reals $r > 0, 0 \le \theta < 2\pi$, we define $z^{n} = r^{n} e^{i \theta n}$ for all positive reals $n$.[/i]

2006 Australia National Olympiad, 2

Tags: function , calculus , integration , algebra

Let $f$ be a function defined on the positive integers, taking positive integral values, such that $f(a)f(b) = f(ab)$ for all positive integers $a$ and $b$, $f(a) < f(b)$ if $a < b$, $f(3) \geq 7$. Find the smallest possible value of $f(3)$.

1991 Arnold's Trivium, 39

Tags: gauss , calculus , integration , trigonometry

Calculate the Gauss integral \[\oint\frac{(d\overrightarrow{A},d\overrightarrow{B},\overrightarrow{A}-\overrightarrow{B})}{|\overrightarrow{A}-\overrightarrow{B}|^3}\] where $\overrightarrow{A}$ runs along the curve $x=\cos\alpha$, $y=\sin\alpha$, $z=0$, and $\overrightarrow{B}$ along the curve $x=2\cos^2\beta$, $y=\frac12\sin\beta$, $z=\sin2\beta$. Note: that $\oint$ was supposed to be oiint (i.e. $\iint$ with a circle) but the command does not work on AoPS.

2007 Today's Calculation Of Integral, 228

Tags: calculus , integration , trigonometry , limit , calculus computations

Let $ x_n \equal{} \int_0^{\frac {\pi}{2}} \sin ^ n \theta \ d\theta \ (n \equal{} 0,\ 1,\ 2,\ \cdots)$. (1) Show that $ x_n \equal{} \frac {n \minus{} 1}{n}x_{n \minus{} 2}$. (2) Find the value of $ nx_nx_{n \minus{} 1}$. (3) Show that a sequence $ \{x_n\}$ is monotone decreasing. (4) Find $ \lim_{n\to\infty} nx_n^2$.

2015 Postal Coaching, Problem 1

Tags: trigonometry , inequalities , number theory , calculus , integration , function

Find all positive integer $n$ such that $$\frac{\sin{n\theta}}{\sin{\theta}} - \frac{\cos{n\theta}}{\cos{\theta}} = n-1$$ holds for all $\theta$ which are not integral multiples of $\frac{\pi}{2}$

2010 Today's Calculation Of Integral, 597

Tags: calculus , integration , calculus computations

In space given a board shaped the equilateral triangle $PQR$ with vertices $P\left(1,\ \frac 12,\ 0\right),\ Q\left(1,-\frac 12,\ 0\right),\ R\left(\frac 14,\ 0,\ \frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}\right)$. When $S$ is revolved about the $z$-axis, find the volume of the solid generated by the whole points through which $S$ passes. 1984 Tokyo University entrance exam/Science

2005 Today's Calculation Of Integral, 16

Tags: calculus , integration , trigonometry , calculus computations , logarithm

Calculate the following indefinite integrals. [1] $\int \sin (\ln x)dx$ [2] $\int \frac{x+\sin ^ 2 x}{x\sin ^ 2 x}dx$ [3] $\int \frac{x^3}{x^2+1}dx$ [4] $\int \frac{x^2}{\sqrt{2x-1}}dx$ [5] $\int \frac{x+\cos 2x +1}{x\cos ^ 2 x}dx$

1999 Putnam, 1

Tags: algebra , polynomial , calculus , derivative , analytic geometry , graphing lines

Find polynomials $f(x)$, $g(x)$, and $h(x)$, if they exist, such that for all $x$, \[|f(x)|-|g(x)|+h(x)=\begin{cases}-1 & \text{if }x<-1\\3x+2 &\text{if }-1\leq x\leq 0\\-2x+2 & \text{if }x>0.\end{cases}\]

1998 Romania National Olympiad, 3

Tags: calculus , derivative , function , inequalities , arithmetic sequence , real analysis

Suppose $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ is a differentiable function for which the inequality $f'(x) \leq f'(x+\frac{1}{n})$ holds for every $x\in\mathbb{R}$ and every $n\in\mathbb{N}$.Prove that f is continiously differentiable

2007 German National Olympiad, 6

Tags: inequalities , calculus , derivative , quadratic , algebra

For two real numbers a,b the equation: $x^{4}-ax^{3}+6x^{2}-bx+1=0$ has four solutions (not necessarily distinct). Prove that $a^{2}+b^{2}\ge{32}$

2011 Today's Calculation Of Integral, 750

Tags: calculus , integration , limit , calculus computations , logarithm

Let $a_n\ (n\geq 1)$ be the value for which $\int_x^{2x} e^{-t^n}dt\ (x\geq 0)$ is maximal. Find $\lim_{n\to\infty} \ln a_n.$

2012 Traian Lălescu, 1

Tags: limit , calculus , derivative , algebra

Let $a,b,c,\alpha,\beta,\gamma \in\mathbb{R}$ such as $a^2+b^2+c^2 \neq 0 \neq \alpha\beta\gamma$ and $24^{\alpha}\neq 3^{\beta} \neq 2012^{\gamma} \neq 24^{\alpha}$. Prove that the equation \[ a \cdot 24^{\alpha x}+b \cdot 3^{\beta x} + c \cdot 2012^{\gamma x}=0 \] has at most two real solutions.