The sequence $\{a_n\}$ is defined by: $a_1=\frac{21}{16}$, and for $n\ge2$,\[ 2a_n-3a_{n-1}=\frac{3}{2^{n+1}}. \]Let $m$ be an integer with $m\ge2$. Prove that: for $n\le m$, we have\[ \left(a_n+\frac{3}{2^{n+3}}\right)^{\frac{1}{m}}\left(m-\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^{{\frac{n(m-1)}{m}}}\right)<\frac{m^2-1}{m-n+1}. \]

Let $f:[0,1]\to\mathbb{R}$ be a continuous function and let $\{a_n\}_n$, $\{b_n\}_n$ be sequences of reals such that \[ \lim_{n\to\infty} \int^1_0 | f(x) - a_nx - b_n | dx = 0 . \] Prove that: a) The sequences $\{a_n\}_n$, $\{b_n\}_n$ are convergent; b) The function $f$ is linear.

Let be a real number $ a, $ and a nondecreasing function $ f:\mathbb{R}\longrightarrow\mathbb{R} . $ Prove that $ f $ is continuous in $ a $ if and only if there exists a sequence $ \left( a_n \right)_{n\ge 1} $ of real positive numbers such that $$ \int_a^{a+a_n} f(x)dx+\int_a^{a-a_n} f(x)dx\le\frac{a_n}{n} , $$ for all natural numbers $ n. $ [i]Dan Marinescu[/i]

Find all natural numbers a, b such that $ a^{n}\plus{} b^{n} \equal{} c^{n\plus{}1}$ where c and n are naturals.

Assume that the differential equation $$y'''+p(x)y''+q(x)y'+r(x)y=0$$has solutions $y_1(x)$, $y_2(x)$, $y_3(x)$ on the real line such that $$y_1(x)^2+y_2(x)^2+y_3(x)^2=1$$for all real $x$. Let $$f(x)=y_1'(x)^2+y_2'(x)^2+y_3'(x)^2.$$Find constants $A$ and $B$ such that $f(x)$ is a solution to the differential equation $$y'+Ap(x)y=Br(x).$$

Calculate with at most $10\%$ relative error \[\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}(x^4+4x+4)^{-100}dx\]

When the parabola which has the axis parallel to $y$ -axis and passes through the origin touch to the rectangular hyperbola $xy=1$ in the first quadrant moves, prove that the area of the figure sorrounded by the parabola and the $x$-axis is constant.

In the $xy$-plane, for $a>1$ denote by $S(a)$ the area of the figure bounded by the curve $y=(a-x)\ln x$ and the $x$-axis. Find the value of integer $n$ for which $\lim_{a\rightarrow \infty} \frac{S(a)}{a^n\ln a}$ is non-zero real number.

Consider all the triangles $ABC$ which have a fixed base $AB$ and whose altitude from $C$ is a constant $h$. For which of these triangles is the product of its altitudes a maximum?

Evaluate $ \int_{ \minus{} 1}^ {a^2} \frac {1}{x^2 \plus{} a^2}\ dx\ (a > 0).$ You may not use $ \tan ^{ \minus{} 1} x$ or Complex Integral here.

Let $f:[0,\infty)\to\mathbb R$ ba a strictly convex continuous function such that $$\lim_{x\to+\infty}\frac{f(x)}x=+\infty.$$Prove that the improper integral $\int^{+\infty}_0\sin(f(x))\text dx$ is convergent but not absolutely convergent.

Consider the equation $ x^4 \minus{} 4x^3 \plus{} 4x^2 \plus{} ax \plus{} b \equal{} 0$, where $ a,b\in\mathbb{R}$. Determine the largest value $ a \plus{} b$ can take, so that the given equation has two distinct positive roots $ x_1,x_2$ so that $ x_1 \plus{} x_2 \equal{} 2x_1x_2$.

Let $\mathcal{C}$ be the set of all twice differentiable functions $f:[0,1] \to \mathbb{R}$ with at least two (not necessarily distinct) zeros and $|f''(x)| \le 1,$ for all $x \in [0,1].$ Find the greatest value of the integral $$\int\limits_0^1 |f(x)| \mathrm{d}x$$ when $f$ runs through the set $\mathcal{C},$ as well as the functions that achieve this maximum. [i]Note: A differentiable function $f$ has two zeros in the same point $a$ if $f(a)=f'(a)=0.$[/i]

Show that a function $ f(x)\equal{}\int_{\minus{}1}^1 (1\minus{}|\ t\ |)\cos (xt)\ dt$ is continuous at $ x\equal{}0$.

Let $f,g:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ be two nondecreasing functions. [list=a] [*]Show that for any $a\in\mathbb{R},$ $b\in[f(a-0),f(a+0)]$ and $x\in\mathbb{R},$ the following inequality holds \[\int_a^xf(t) \ dt\geq b(x-a).\] [*]Given that $[f(a-0),f(a+0)]\cap[g(a-0),g(a+0)]\neq\emptyset$ for any $a\in\mathbb{R},$ prove that for any real numbers $a<b$\[\int_a^b f(t) \ dt=\int_a^b g(t) \ dt.\] [/list] [i]Note: $h(a-0)$ and $h(a+0)$ denote the limits to the left and to the right respectively of a function $h$ at point $a\in\mathbb{R}.$[/i]

Find all differentiable functions $ f:(0,\infty )\longrightarrow (-\infty ,\infty ) $ having the property that $$ f'(\sqrt{x}) =\frac{1+x+x^2}{1+x} , $$ for any positive real numbers $ x. $ [i]Ovidiu Țâțan[/i]

A sequence of real numbers $x_1,x_2,\ldots ,x_n$ is given such that $x_{i+1}=x_i+\frac{1}{30000}\sqrt{1-x_i^2},\ i=1,2,\ldots ,$ and $x_1=0$. Can $n$ be equal to $50000$ if $x_n<1$?

Calculate $ \displaystyle \left|\frac {\int_0^{\frac {\pi}{2}} (x\cos x + 1)e^{\sin x}\ dx}{\int_0^{\frac {\pi}{2}} (x\sin x - 1)e^{\cos x}\ dx}\right|$.

For positive integer $n$, define $f(n)=\begin{cases} 0, \text{if }n\text{ is a perfect square}\\ \displaystyle \left[\frac{1}{\{\sqrt{n}\}}\right], \text{if }n\text{ is not a perfect square}\\ \end{cases}$. Find the value of $\sum_{k=1}^{240} f(k)$. Note: $[x]$ is the integral part of real number $x$, and $\{x\}=x-[x]$.

A cat is trying to catch a mouse in the non-negative quadrant \[N=\{(x_1,x_2)\in \mathbb{R}^2: x_1,x_2\geq 0\}.\] At time $t=0$ the cat is at $(1,1)$ and the mouse is at $(0,0)$. The cat moves with speed $\sqrt{2}$ such that the position $c(t)=(c_1(t),c_2(t))$ is continuous, and differentiable except at finitely many points; while the mouse moves with speed $1$ such that its position $m(t)=(m_1(t),m_2(t))$ is also continuous, and differentiable except at finitely many points. Thus $c(0)=(1,1)$ and $m(0)=(0,0)$; $c(t)$ and $m(t)$ are continuous functions of $t$ such that $c(t),m(t)\in N$ for all $t\geq 0$; the derivatives $c'(t)=(c'_1(t),c'_2(t))$ and $m'(t)=(m'_1(t),m'_2(t))$ each exist for all but finitely many $t$ and \[(c'_1(t)^2+(c'_2(t))^2=2 \qquad (m'_1(t)^2+(m'_2(t))^2=1,\] whenever the respective derivative exists. At each time $t$ the cat knows both the mouse's position $m(t)$ and velocity $m'(t)$. Show that, no matter how the mouse moves, the cat can catch it by time $t=1$; that is, show that the cat can move such that $c(\tau)=m(\tau)$ for some $\tau\in[0,1]$.

Let $ a$ be a positive real numbers. In the coordinate plane denote by $ S$ the area of the figure bounded by the curve $ y=\sin x\ (0\leq x\leq \pi)$ and the $x$-axis and denote $T$ by the area of the figure bounded by the curves $y=\sin x\ \left(0\leq x\leq \frac{\pi}{2}\right),\ y=a\cos x\ \left(0\leq x\leq \frac{\pi}{2}\right)$ and the $x$-axis. Find the value of $a$ such that $ S: T=3: 1$.

Evaluate $\int_{\frac{\pi}{4}}^{\frac{\pi}{3}} \frac{(2\sin \theta +1)\cos ^ 3 \theta}{(\sin ^ 2 \theta +1)^2}d\theta .$ [i]Proposed by kunny[/i]

Evaluate $ \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{1}{\cos \theta}\sqrt{\frac{1\plus{}\sin \theta}{\cos \theta}}\ d\theta$.

The vertex of the parabola $ y \equal{} x^2 \minus{} 8x \plus{} c$ will be a point on the $ x$-axis if the value of $ c$ is: $ \textbf{(A)}\ \minus{} 16 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \minus{} 4 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 4 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 8 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 16$

Given a set $ M$ of points $ (x,y)$ with integral coordinates satisfying $ x^2 + y^2\leq 10^{10}$. Two players play a game. One of them marks a point on his first move. After this, on each move the moving player marks a point, which is not yet marked and joins it with the previous marked point. Players are not allowed to mark a point symmetrical to the one just chosen. So, they draw a broken line. The requirement is that lengths of edges of this broken line must strictly increase. The player, which can not make a move, loses. Who have a winning strategy?