For $A\subset\mathbb Z$ and $a,b\in\mathbb Z$. We define $aA+b: =\{ax+b|x\in A\}$. If $a\neq0$ then we calll $aA+b$ and $A$ to similar sets. In this question the Cantor set $C$ is the number of non-negative integers that in their base-3 representation there is no $1$ digit. You see \[C=(3C)\dot\cup(3C+2)\ \ \ \ \ \ (1)\] (i.e. $C$ is partitioned to sets $3C$ and $3C+2$). We give another example $C=(3C)\dot\cup(9C+6)\dot\cup(3C+2)$. A representation of $C$ is a partition of $C$ to some similiar sets. i.e. \[C=\bigcup_{i=1}^{n}C_{i}\ \ \ \ \ \ (2)\] and $C_{i}=a_{i}C+b_{i}$ are similar to $C$. We call a representation of $C$ a primitive representation iff union of some of $C_{i}$ is not a set similar and not equal to $C$. Consider a primitive representation of Cantor set. Prove that a) $a_{i}>1$. b) $a_{i}$ are powers of 3. c) $a_{i}>b_{i}$ d) (1) is the only primitive representation of $C$.

Let $a\in\mathbb{R}-\{0\}$. Find all functions $f: \mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ such that $f(a+x) = f(x) - x$ for all $x\in\mathbb{R}$. [i]Dan Schwartz[/i]

How many integer pairs $(x,y)$ satisfies $x^2+y^2=9999(x-y)$?

Find all natural numbers $n$ such that the number $n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)$ has exactly three different prime divisors.

[b]p1.[/b] A square is tiled by smaller squares as shown in the figure. Find the area of the black square in the middle if the perimeter of the square $ABCD$ is $14$ cm. [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/1/1/0f80fc5f0505fa9752b5c9e1c646c49091b4ca.png[/img] [b]p2.[/b] If $a, b$, and $c$ are numbers so that $a + b + c = 0$ and $a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = 1$. Compute $a^4 + b^4 + c^4$. [b]p3.[/b] A given fraction $\frac{a}{b}$ ($a, b$ are positive integers, $a \ne b$) is transformed by the following rule: first, $1$ is added to both the numerator and the denominator, and then the numerator and the denominator of the new fraction are each divided by their greatest common divisor (in other words, the new fraction is put in simplest form). Then the same transformation is applied again and again. Show that after some number of steps the denominator and the numerator differ exactly by $1$. [b]p4.[/b] A goat uses horns to make the holes in a new $30\times 60$ cm large towel. Each time it makes two new holes. Show that after the goat repeats this $61$ times the towel will have at least two holes whose distance apart is less than $6$ cm. [b]p5.[/b] You are given $555$ weights weighing $1$ g, $2$ g, $3$ g, $...$ , $555$ g. Divide these weights into three groups whose total weights are equal. [b]p6.[/b] Draw on the regular $8\times 8$ chessboard a circle of the maximal possible radius that intersects only black squares (and does not cross white squares). Explain why no larger circle can satisfy the condition. PS. You should use hide for answers. Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309]here[/url].

In the acute-angled triangle $ABC$, the altitudes $BP$ and $CQ$ were drawn, and the point $T$ is the intersection point of the altitudes of $\Delta PAQ$. It turned out that $\angle CTB = 90 {} ^ \circ$. Find the measure of $\angle BAC$. (Mikhail Plotnikov)

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $\angle ABC=90^{\circ}$. Let $D$ and $E$ be the feet from $B$ and $C$ to the median from $A$, respectively. Suppose $DE=4$ and $CD=5$. Find the area of $ABC.$

Prove that for any four positive real numbers $ a$, $ b$, $ c$, $ d$ the inequality \[ \frac {(a \minus{} b)(a \minus{} c)}{a \plus{} b \plus{} c} \plus{} \frac {(b \minus{} c)(b \minus{} d)}{b \plus{} c \plus{} d} \plus{} \frac {(c \minus{} d)(c \minus{} a)}{c \plus{} d \plus{} a} \plus{} \frac {(d \minus{} a)(d \minus{} b)}{d \plus{} a \plus{} b}\ge 0\] holds. Determine all cases of equality. [i]Author: Darij Grinberg (Problem Proposal), Christian Reiher (Solution), Germany[/i]

Assume that $ x$ is a positive real number. Which is equivalent to $ \sqrt[3]{x\sqrt{x}}$? $ \textbf{(A)}\ x^{1/6} \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ x^{1/4} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ x^{3/8} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ x^{1/2} \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ x$

Let $ ABC$ be an isosceles triangle with $ AC \equal{} BC.$ Its incircle touches $ AB$ in $ D$ and $ BC$ in $ E.$ A line distinct of $ AE$ goes through $ A$ and intersects the incircle in $ F$ and $ G.$ Line $ AB$ intersects line $ EF$ and $ EG$ in $ K$ and $ L,$ respectively. Prove that $ DK \equal{} DL.$

Graph $G$ has $n$ vertices and $mn$ edges, where $n>2m$, show that there exists a path with $m+1$ vertices. (A path is an open walk without repeating vertices )

[b]a)[/b] Show that there is no function $ f:\mathbb{R}\longrightarrow\mathbb{R} $ having the property that $$ f(f(x))=\left\{ \begin{matrix} \sqrt{2007} ,& \quad x\in\mathbb{Q} \\ 2007, & \quad x\not\in \mathbb{Q} \end{matrix} \right. , $$ for any real number $ x. $ [b]b)[/b] Prove that there is an infinite number of functions $ g:\mathbb{R}\longrightarrow\mathbb{R} $ having the property that $$ g(g(x))=\left\{ \begin{matrix} 2007 ,& \quad x\in\mathbb{Q} \\ \sqrt{2007}, & \quad x\not\in \mathbb{Q} \end{matrix} \right. , $$ for any real number $ x. $

The pair of equations $3^{x+y}=81$ and $81^{x-y}=3$ has: $ \textbf{(A)}\ \text{no common solution} \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ \text{the solution} \text{ } x=2, y=2\qquad$ $\textbf{(C)}\ \text{the solution} \text{ } x=2\frac{1}{2}, y=1\frac{1}{2} \qquad$ $\textbf{(D)}\text{ a common solution in positive and negative integers} \qquad$ $\textbf{(E)}\ \text{none of these} $

The price of a gold ring in a certain universe is proportional to the square of its purity and the cube of its diameter. The purity is inversely proportional to the square of the depth of the gold mine and directly proportional to the square of the price, while the diameter is determined so that it is proportional to the cube root of the price and also directly proportional to the depth of the mine. How does the price vary solely in terms of the depth of the gold mine?

Let $t\ge 3$ be an integer, and for $1\le i <j\le t$ let $A_{ij}=A_{ji}$ be an arbitrary subset of an $n$-element set $X$. Prove that there exist $1\le i < j\le t$ for which $$\left| \left( X\,\backslash\, A_{ij}\right) \cup \bigcup_{k\neq i,j}\left( A_{ik}\cap A_{jk}\right) \right| \ge \frac{t-2}{2t-2}n$$ (translated by Miklós Maróti)

A checkered polygon $A$ is drawn on the checkered plane. We call a cell of $A$ [i]internal[/i] if all $8$ of its adjacent cells belong to $A$. All other (non-internal) cells of $A$ we call [i]boundary[/i]. It is known that $1)$ each boundary cell has exactly two common sides with no boundary cells; and 2) the union of all boundary cells can be divided into isosceles trapezoid of area $2$ with vertices at the grid nodes (and acute angles of the trapezoids are equal $45^\circ$). Prove that the area of the polygon $A$ is congruent to $1$ modulo $4$.

In a game of [i]Chomp[/i], two players alternately take bites from a 5-by-7 grid of unit squares. To take a bite, a player chooses one of the remaining squares, then removes ("eats'') all squares in the quadrant defined by the left edge (extended upward) and the lower edge (extended rightward) of the chosen square. For example, the bite determined by the shaded square in the diagram would remove the shaded square and the four squares marked by $\times.$ (The squares with two or more dotted edges have been removed form the original board in previous moves.) [asy] defaultpen(linewidth(0.7)); fill((2,2)--(2,3)--(3,3)--(3,2)--cycle, mediumgray); int[] array={5, 5, 5, 4, 2, 2, 2, 0}; pair[] ex = {(2,3), (2,4), (3,2), (3,3)}; draw((3,5)--(7,5)^^(4,4)--(7,4)^^(4,3)--(7,3), linetype("3 3")); draw((4,4)--(4,5)^^(5,2)--(5,5)^^(6,2)--(6,5)^^(7,2)--(7,5), linetype("3 3")); int i, j; for(i=0; i<7; i=i+1) { for(j=0; j<array[i]; j=j+1) { draw((i,j+1)--(i,j)--(i+1,j)); } draw((i,array[i])--(i+1,array[i])); if(array[i]>array[i+1]) { draw((i+1,array[i])--(i+1,array[i+1])); }} for(i=0; i<4; i=i+1) { draw(ex[i]--(ex[i].x+1, ex[i].y+1), linewidth(1.2)); draw((ex[i].x+1, ex[i].y)--(ex[i].x, ex[i].y+1), linewidth(1.2)); }[/asy] The object of the game is to make one's opponent take the last bite. The diagram shows one of the many subsets of the set of 35 unit squares that can occur during the game of Chomp. How many different subsets are there in all? Include the full board and empty board in your count.

Find all positive integers $b$ for which there exists a positive integer $a$ with the following properties: - $a$ is not a divisor of $b$. - $a^a$ is a divisor of $b^b$

In a scalene triangle $ABC$ $I$ is the incentr and $CN$ is the bisector of angle $C$. The line $CN$ meets the circumcircle of $ABC$ again at $M$. The line $l$ is parallel to $AB$ and touches the incircle of $ABC$. The point $R$ on $l$ is such. That $CI \bot IR$. The circumcircle of $MNR$ meets the line $IR$ again at S. Prpve that $AS=BS$.

$A,B,C$ are points that three complex numbers $z_0=a\text{i},z_1=\frac{1}{2}+b\text{i},z_2=1+c\text{i}(a,b,c\in\mathbb{R})$ refer to on complex plane (not collinear). Prove that curve $Z=Z_0\cos^4t+2Z_1\cos^2t\sin^2t+Z_2\sin^4t(t\in\mathbb{R})$ has only one common point with the perpendicular bisector of $AC$, and find the point.

Prove that the numbers $ A $, $ B $, $ C $ defined by the formulas $$ A = tg \beta tg \gamma + 5,\\ B = tg \gamma tg \alpha + 5,\\ C = tg \alpha tg \beta + 5,$$ where $ \alpha>0 $, $ \beta > 0 $, $ \gamma > 0 $ and $ \alpha + \beta + \gamma = 90^\circ $, satisfy the inequality $$ \sqrt{A} + \sqrt{B} + \sqrt{C} < 4 \sqrt{3}.$$

Given triangle $ABC$ such that angles $A$, $B$, $C$ satisfy \[ \frac{\cos A}{20}+\frac{\cos B}{21}+\frac{\cos C}{29}=\frac{29}{420} \] Prove that $ABC$ is right angled triangle

Let $n$ be an integer, $n \ge 3$. Select $n$ points on the plane, none of which are three on the same line. Consider all triangles with vertices at selected points, denote the smallest of all the interior angles of these triangles by the variable $\alpha$. Find the largest possible value of $\alpha$ and identify all the selected $n$ point placements for which the max occurs.

In the acute triangle $ABC$, let $D$ be the foot of the perpendicular from $A$ to $BC$, let $E$ be the foot of the perpendicular from $D$ to $AC$, and let $F$ be a point on the line segment $DE$. Prove that $AF$ is perpendicular to $BE$ if and only if $FE/FD = BD/DC$

Show that there are real numbers $A,B$ such that the identity \[\sum_{k=1}^n\tan(k)\tan(k-1)=A\tan(n)+Bn\] holds for every positive integer $n.$