Found problems: 4776
Find all injective functions $f: \mathbb R \rightarrow \mathbb R$ such that for every real number $x$ and every positive integer $n$,$$ \left|\sum_{i=1}^n i\left(f(x+i+1)-f(f(x+i))\right)\right|<2016$$
[i](Macedonia)[/i]
Find the number of functions $f : \{1, 2, . . . , n\} \to \{1995, 1996\}$ such that $f(1) + f(2) + ... + f(1996)$ is odd.
Let $I\subseteq \mathbb{R}$ be an interval and $f:I\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ a function such that:
\[|f(x)-f(y)|\le |x-y|,\quad\text{for all}\ x,y\in I. \]
Show that $f$ is monotonic on $I$ if and only if, for any $x,y\in I$, either $f(x)\le f\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)\le f(y)$ or $f(y)\le f\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)\le f(x)$.
Hi guys,
I was just reading over old posts that I made last year ( :P ) and saw how much the level of Getting Started became harder. To encourage more people from posting, I decided to start a Problem of the Day. This is how I'll conduct this:
1. In each post (not including this one since it has rules, etc) everyday, I'll post the problem. I may post another thread after it to give hints though.
2. Level of problem.. This is VERY important. All problems in this thread will be all AHSME or problems similar to this level. No AIME. Some AHSME problems, however, that involve tough insight or skills will not be posted. The chosen problems will be usually ones that everyone can solve after working. Calculators are allowed when you solve problems but it is NOT necessary.
3. Response.. All you have to do is simply solve the problem and post the solution. There is no credit given or taken away if you get the problem wrong. This isn't like other threads where the number of problems you get right or not matters. As for posting, post your solutions here in this thread. Do NOT PM me. Also, here are some more restrictions when posting solutions:
A. No single answer post. It doesn't matter if you put hide and say "Answer is ###..." If you don't put explanation, it simply means you cheated off from some other people. I've seen several posts that went like "I know the answer" and simply post the letter. What is the purpose of even posting then? Huh?
B. Do NOT go back to the previous problem(s). This causes too much confusion.
C. You're FREE to give hints and post different idea, way or answer in some cases in problems. If you see someone did wrong or you don't understand what they did, post here. That's what this thread is for.
4. Main purpose.. This is for anyone who visits this forum to enjoy math. I rememeber when I first came into this forum, I was poor at math compared to other people. But I kindly got help from many people such as JBL, joml88, tokenadult, and many other people that would take too much time to type. Perhaps without them, I wouldn't be even a moderator in this forum now. This site clearly made me to enjoy math more and more and I'd like to do the same thing. That's about the rule.. Have fun problem solving!
Next post will contain the Day 1 Problem. You can post the solutions until I post one. :D
If $f(x)$ is the generating function of the sequence $a_1,a_2,\ldots$ and if $f(x)=\frac{r(x)}{s(x)}$ holds such that $r(x)$ and $s(x)$ are polynomials show that $a_n$ has a homogenous recurrence.
Let $x$, $y$, $z$ be positive reals satisfying $\left(x+y+z\right)^{3}=32xyz$
Find the minimum and the maximum of $P=\frac{x^{4}+y^{4}+z^{4}}{\left(x+y+z\right)^{4}}$
Let $f$ be a function such that
\[f(x)=\frac{(x^2-2x+1) \sin \frac{1}{x-1}}{\sin \pi x}.\]
Find the limit of $f$ in the point $x_0=1.$
Let $f:\mathbb{N}\rightarrow \mathbb{N}$ be a function such that $f(ab)$ divides $\max \{f(a),b\}$ for any positive integers $a,b$. Must there exist infinitely many positive integers $k$ such that $f(k)=1$?
Consider a regular $n$-gon with $n$ odd. Given two adjacent vertices $A_{1}$ and $A_{2},$ define the sequence $(A_{k})$ of vertices of the $n$-gon as follows: For $k\ge 3,\, A_{k}$ is the vertex lying on the perpendicular bisector of $A_{k-2}A_{k-1}.$ Find all $n$ for which each vertex of the $n$-gon occurs in this sequence.
Let $Q(x)$ be a quadratic trinomial. Given that the function $P(x)=x^{2}Q(x)$ is increasing in the interval $(0,\infty )$, prove that:
\[P(x) + P(y) + P(z) > 0\]
for all real numbers $x,y,z$ such that $x+y+z>0$ and $xyz>0$.
The function $f:\mathbb R^{\ge 0} \longrightarrow \mathbb R^{\ge 0}$ satisfies the following properties for all $a,b\in \mathbb R^{\ge 0}$:
[b]a)[/b] $f(a)=0 \Leftrightarrow a=0$
[b]b)[/b] $f(ab)=f(a)f(b)$
[b]c)[/b] $f(a+b)\le 2 \max \{f(a),f(b)\}$.
Prove that for all $a,b\in \mathbb R^{\ge 0}$ we have $f(a+b)\le f(a)+f(b)$.
[i]Proposed by Masoud Shafaei[/i]
Consider the set $A = \{0, 1, 2, . . . , 2^{2n} - 1\}$. The function $f : A \rightarrow A$ is given by: $f(x_0 + 2x_1 + 2^2x_2 + ... + 2^{2n-1}x_{2n-1})=$$(1 - x_0) + 2x_1 + 2^2(1 - x_2) + 2^3x_3 + ... + 2^{2n-1}x_{2n-1}$
for every $0-1$ sequence $(x_0, x_1, . . . , x_{2n-1})$. Show that if $a_1, a_2, . . . , a_9$ are consecutive terms of an arithmetic progression, then the sequence $f(a_1), f(a_2), . . . , f(a_9)$ is not increasing.
Let $k, M$ be positive integers such that $k-1$ is not squarefree. Prove that there exist a positive real $\alpha$, such that $\lfloor \alpha\cdot k^n \rfloor$ and $M$ are coprime for any positive integer $n$.
Determine all functions $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ such that the set
\[\left \{ \frac{f(x)}{x}: x \neq 0 \textnormal{ and } x \in \mathbb{R}\right \}\]
is finite, and for all $x \in \mathbb{R}$
\[f(x-1-f(x)) = f(x) - x - 1\]
Find all polynomials $W$ with real coefficients possessing the following property: if $x+y$ is a rational number, then $W(x)+W(y)$ is rational.
Does there exist a function $f: \mathbb R \to \mathbb R $ satisfying the following conditions:
(i) for each real $y$ there is a real $x$ such that $f(x)=y$ , and
(ii) $f(f(x)) = (x - 1)f(x) + 2$ for all real $x$ ?
[i]Proposed by Igor I. Voronovich, Belarus[/i]
Show that
\[ \frac{(b+c)(a^4-b^2c^2)}{ab+2bc+ca}+\frac{(c+a)(b^4-c^2a^2)}{bc+2ca+ab}+\frac{(a+b)(c^4-a^2b^2)}{ca+2ab+bc} \geq 0 \]
for all positive real numbers $a, \: b , \: c.$
Let $M,a,b,r$ be non-negative integers with $a,r\ge 2$, and suppose there exists a function $f:\mathbb{Z}\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}$ satisfying the following conditions:
(1) For all $n\in \mathbb{Z}$, $f^{(r)}(n)=an+b$ where $f^{(r)}$ denotes the composition of $r$ copies of $f$
(2) For all $n\ge M$, $f(n)\ge 0$
(3) For all $n>m>M$, $n-m|f(n)-f(m)$
Show that $a$ is a perfect $r$-th power.
Find all functions $f : \mathbb{R} \mapsto \mathbb{R}$ such that $f(xy+f(x)) = xf(y) +f(x)$ for all $x,y \in \mathbb{R}$.
Prove that the function $f (x)$ satisfying the relation $|f (x) - f (y) | \le | x - y|^a$ for any real numbers $x, y$ and some number $a> 1$ is constant.
(1) Evaluate the following definite integrals.
(a) $\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cos ^ 2 x\sin x\ dx$
(b) $\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} (\pi - 2x)\cos x\ dx$
(c) $\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} x\cos ^ 3 x\ dx$
(2) Let $a$ be a positive constant. Find the area of the cross section cut by the plane $z=\sin \theta \ \left(0\leq \theta \leq \frac{\pi}{2}\right)$ of the solid such that
\[x^2+y^2+z^2\leq a^2,\ \ x^2+y^2\leq ax,\ \ z\geq 0\]
, then find the volume of the solid.
[i]1984 Yamanashi Medical University entrance exam[/i]
Please slove the problem without multi integral or arcsine function for Japanese high school students aged 17-18 those who don't study them.
Thanks in advance.
kunny
For a ring $ A, $ and an element $ a $ of it, define $ s_a,d_a:A\longrightarrow A, s_a(x)=ax,d_a=xa.$
[b]a)[/b] Prove that if $ A $ is finite, then $ s_a $ is injective if and only if $ d_a $ is injective.
[b]b)[/b] Give example of a ring which has an element $ b $ for which $ s_b $ is injective and $ d_b $ is not, or, conversely, $ s_b $ is not injective, but $ d_b $ is.
Let be three positive real numbers $ a,b,c. $ Show that the function $ f:\mathbb{R}\longrightarrow\mathbb{R} , $
$$ f(x)=\frac{a^x}{b^x+c^x} +\frac{b^x}{a^x+c^x} +\frac{c^x}{a^x+b^x} , $$
is nondecresing on the interval $ \left[ 0,\infty \right) $ and nonincreasing on the interval $ \left( -\infty ,0 \right] . $
$n$ being a given integer, find all functions $f\colon \mathbb{Z} \to \mathbb{Z}$, such that for all integers $x,y$ we have $f\left( {x + y + f(y)} \right) = f(x) + ny$.
Suppose that $n\ge2$ and $a_1,a_2,...,a_n$ are natural numbers that $ (a_1,a_2,...,a_n)=1$. Find all strictly increasing function $f: \mathbb{Z} \to \mathbb{R} $ that:
$$ \forall x_1,x_2,...,x_n \in \mathbb{Z} : f(\sum_{i=1}^{n} {x_ia_i}) = \sum_{i=1}^{n} {f(x_ia_i})$$
[i]Proposed by Navid Safaei and Ali Mirzaei [/i]