Olympiad problems

2016 China Team Selection Test, 2

Find the smallest positive number $\lambda$, such that for any $12$ points on the plane $P_1,P_2,\ldots,P_{12}$(can overlap), if the distance between any two of them does not exceed $1$, then $\sum_{1\le i<j\le 12} |P_iP_j|^2\le \lambda$.

2023 New Zealand MO, 2

Tags: inequalities , algebra

Let $a, b$ and $c$ be positive real numbers such that $a+b+c = abc$. Prove that at least one of $a, b$ or $c$ is greater than $\frac{17}{10}$ .

2005 Unirea, 4

Tags: function , parameterization , inequalities , integration , real analysis

$a>0$ $f:[-a,a]\rightarrow R$ such that $f''$ exist and Riemann-integrable suppose $f(a)=f(-a)$ $ f'(-a)=f'(a)=a^2$ Prove that $6a^3\leq \int_{-a}^{a}{f''(x)}^2dx$ Study equality case ? Radu Miculescu

1980 Austrian-Polish Competition, 2

Tags: inequalities , sequence , number theory

A sequence of integers $1 = x_1 < x_2 < x_3 <...$ satisfies $x_{n+1} \le 2n$ for all $n$. Show that every positive integer $k$ can be written as $x_j -x_i$ for some $i, j$.

2006 China Western Mathematical Olympiad, 1

Tags: inequalities

Let $n$ be a positive integer with $n \geq 2$, and $0<a_{1}, a_{2},...,a_{n}< 1$. Find the maximum value of the sum $\sum_{i=1}^{n}(a_{i}(1-a_{i+1}))^{\frac{1}{6}}$ where $a_{n+1}=a_{1}$

2018 Estonia Team Selection Test, 3

Tags: algebra , sum , max , min , inequalities

Given a real number $c$ and an integer $m, m \ge 2$. Real numbers $x_1, x_2,... , x_m$ satisfy the conditions $x_1 + x_2 +...+ x_m = 0$ and $\frac{x^2_1 + x^2_2 + ...+ x^2_m}{m}= c$. Find max $(x_1, x_2,..., x_m)$ if it is known to be as small as possible.

III Soros Olympiad 1996 - 97 (Russia), 9.9

Tags: algebra , inequalities , radical

What is the smallest value that the expression $$\sqrt{3x-2y-1}+\sqrt{2x+y+2}+\sqrt{3y-x}$$ can take?

2012 Mathcenter Contest + Longlist, 5 sl13

Tags: algebra , functional , inequalities

Define $f : \mathbb{R}^+ \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ as the strictly increasing function such that $$f(\sqrt{xy})=\frac{f(x)+f(y)}{2}$$ for all positive real numbers $x,y$. Prove that there are some positive real numbers $a$ where $f(a)<0$. [i] (PP-nine) [/i]

2010 Greece Junior Math Olympiad, 3

Tags: inequalities

If $a, b$ are positive real numbers with sum $3$ and the positive real numbers $x, y, z$ have product $1$, prove that: $(ax + b)(ay + b)(az + b) \ge 27$. When equality holds?

2006 Iran Team Selection Test, 5

Tags: inequalities , circumcircle , function , geometry , trigonometry , incenter

Let $ABC$ be an acute angle triangle. Suppose that $D,E,F$ are the feet of perpendicluar lines from $A,B,C$ to $BC,CA,AB$. Let $P,Q,R$ be the feet of perpendicular lines from $A,B,C$ to $EF,FD,DE$. Prove that \[ 2(PQ+QR+RP)\geq DE+EF+FD \]

2008 Korea Junior Math Olympiad, 2

Tags: inequalities

Let $x,y\in\mathbb{R}$ such that $x>2, y>3$. Find the minimum value of $\frac{(x+y)^2}{\sqrt{x^2-4}+\sqrt{y^2-9}}$

2019 Saudi Arabia JBMO TST, 4

Tags: inequalities

Let $a, b, c$ be positive reals. Prove that $a/b+b/c+c/a=>(c+a)/(c+b) + (a+b)/(a+c) + (b+c)/(b+a)$

2013 China National Olympiad, 2

Tags: inequalities , algebra

Find all nonempty sets $S$ of integers such that $3m-2n \in S$ for all (not necessarily distinct) $m,n \in S$.

Russian TST 2022, P3

Tags: algebra , inequalities , inequality

Let $n\geqslant 1$ be an integer, and let $x_0,x_1,\ldots,x_{n+1}$ be $n+2$ non-negative real numbers that satisfy $x_ix_{i+1}-x_{i-1}^2\geqslant 1$ for all $i=1,2,\ldots,n.$ Show that \[x_0+x_1+\cdots+x_n+x_{n+1}>\bigg(\frac{2n}{3}\bigg)^{3/2}.\][i]Pakawut Jiradilok and Wijit Yangjit, Thailand[/i]

2008 China Team Selection Test, 2

Tags: polynomial , algebra , inequalities

Let $ x,y,z$ be positive real numbers, show that $ \frac {xy}{z} \plus{} \frac {yz}{x} \plus{} \frac {zx}{y} > 2\sqrt [3]{x^3 \plus{} y^3 \plus{} z^3}.$

2005 All-Russian Olympiad, 3

Tags: algebra , inequalities

Given three reals $a_1,\,a_2,\,a_3>1,\,S=a_1+a_2+a_3$. Provided ${a_i^2\over a_i-1}>S$ for every $i=1,\,2,\,3$ prove that \[\frac{1}{a_1+a_2}+\frac{1}{a_2+a_3}+\frac{1}{a_3+a_1}>1.\]

1950 Poland - Second Round, 2

Tags: algebra , inequalities

Prove that if $a > 0$, $b > 0$, $abc=1$, then $$a+b+c \ge 3$$

2013 Canada National Olympiad, 4

Tags: algebra , ceiling function , inequalities

Let $n$ be a positive integer. For any positive integer $j$ and positive real number $r$, define $f_j(r)$ and $g_j(r)$ by \[f_j(r) = \min (jr, n) + \min\left(\frac{j}{r}, n\right), \text{ and } g_j(r) = \min (\lceil jr\rceil, n) + \min \left(\left\lceil\frac{j}{r}\right\rceil, n\right),\] where $\lceil x\rceil$ denotes the smallest integer greater than or equal to $x$. Prove that \[\sum_{j=1}^n f_j(r)\leq n^2+n\leq \sum_{j=1}^n g_j(r)\] for all positive real numbers $r$.

2022 Canadian Mathematical Olympiad Qualification, 6

Tags: inequalities

Let $a,b,c$ be real numbers, which are not all equal, such that $$a+b+c=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=3.$$ Prove that at least one of $a, b, c$ is negative.

1985 IMO Longlists, 37

Tags: geometry , circumcircle , inequalities , heron's formula , trigonometry , area of a triangle

Prove that a triangle with angles $\alpha, \beta, \gamma$, circumradius $R$, and area $A$ satisfies \[\tan \frac{ \alpha}{2}+\tan \frac{ \beta}{2}+\tan \frac{ \gamma}{2} \leq \frac{9R^2}{4A}.\] [hide="Remark."]Remark. Can we determine [i]all[/i] of equality cases ?[/hide]

1992 APMO, 1

Tags: inequalities , geometric inequality , geometry

A triangle with sides $a$, $b$, and $c$ is given. Denote by $s$ the semiperimeter, that is $s = \frac{a + b + c}{2}$. Construct a triangle with sides $s - a$, $s - b$, and $s - c$. This process is repeated until a triangle can no longer be constructed with the side lengths given. For which original triangles can this process be repeated indefinitely?

2004 IMC, 5

Tags: inequalities

Let $S$ be a set of $\displaystyle { 2n \choose n } + 1$ real numbers, where $n$ is an positive integer. Prove that there exists a monotone sequence $\{a_i\}_{1\leq i \leq n+2} \subset S$ such that \[ |x_{i+1} - x_1 | \geq 2 | x_i - x_1 | , \] for all $i=2,3,\ldots, n+1$.

2016 Danube Mathematical Olympiad, 3

Tags: integration , inequalities , calculus

3. Let n > 1 be an integer and $a_1, a_2, . . . , a_n$ be positive reals with sum 1. a) Show that there exists a constant c ≥ 1/2 so that $\sum \frac{a_k}{1+(a_0+a_1+...+a_{k-1})^2}\geq c$, where $a_0 = 0$. b) Show that ’the best’ value of c is at least $\frac{\pi}{4}$.

1994 Putnam, 1

Tags: limit , inequalities

Suppose that a sequence $\{a_n\}_{n\ge 1}$ satisfies $0 < a_n \le a_{2n} + a_{2n+1}$ for all $n\in \mathbb{N}$. Prove that the series$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_n$ diverges.

2015 Denmark MO - Mohr Contest, 1

Tags: inequalities , algebra

The numbers $a, b, c, d$ and $e$ satisfy $$a + b < c + d < e + a < b + c < d + e .$$ Which of the numbers is the smallest, and which is the largest?