Found problems: 837
What is the sum of all two-digit positive integer $n<50$ for which the sum of the squares of first $n$ positive integers is not a divisor of $(2n)!$ ?
Let $ a \in \mathbb{R}, 0 < a < 1,$ and $ f$ a continuous function on $ [0, 1]$ satisfying $ f(0) \equal{} 0, f(1) \equal{} 1,$ and
\[ f \left( \frac{x\plus{}y}{2} \right) \equal{} (1\minus{}a) f(x) \plus{} a f(y) \quad \forall x,y \in [0,1] \text{ with } x \leq y.\]
Determine $ f \left( \frac{1}{7} \right).$
Let $a>0$, $S_1 =\ln a$ and $S_n = \sum_{i=1 }^{n-1} \ln( a- S_i )$ for $n >1.$ Show that
$$ \lim_{n \to \infty} S_n = a-1.$$
For $x\ge 0$, define
\[f(x)=\frac1{x+2\cos x}\]
Find the set $\{ y \in \mathbb{R}: y=f(x), x\ge 0\}$
Let be given four positive real numbers $ a$, $ b$, $ A$, $ B$. Consider a sequence of real numbers $ x_1$, $ x_2$, $ x_3$, $ \ldots$ is given by $ x_1 \equal{} a$, $ x_2 \equal{} b$ and $ x_{n \plus{} 1} \equal{} A\sqrt [3]{x_n^2} \plus{} B\sqrt [3]{x_{n \minus{} 1}^2}$ ($ n \equal{} 2, 3, 4, \ldots$). Prove that there exist limit $ \lim_{n\to \plus{} \propto}x_n$ and find this limit.
Let $n$ be a positive integer.
(1) For a positive integer $k$ such that $1\leq k\leq n$, Show that :
\[\int_{\frac{k-1}{2n}\pi}^{\frac{k}{2n}\pi} \sin 2nt\cos t\ dt=(-1)^{k+1}\frac{2n}{4n^2-1}(\cos \frac{k}{2n}\pi +\cos \frac{k-1}{2n}\pi).\]
(2) Find the area $S_n$ of the part expressed by a parameterized curve $C_n: x=\sin t,\ y=\sin 2nt\ (0\leq t\leq \pi).$
If necessary, you may use ${\sum_{k=1}^{n-1} \cos \frac{k}{2n}\pi =\frac 12(\frac{1}{\tan \frac{\pi}{4n}}-1})\ (n\geq 2).$
(3) Find $\lim_{n\to\infty} S_n.$
For a function $f(x)=x^3-x^2+x$, find the limit $\lim_{n\to\infty} \int_{n}^{2n}\frac{1}{f^{-1}(x)^3+|f^{-1}(x)|}\ dx.$
Find
$$ \lim_{t\to \infty} e^{-t} \int_{0}^{t} \int_{0}^{t} \frac{e^x -e^y }{x-y} \,dx\,dy,$$
or show that the limit does not exist.
Let $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow[0,\infty )$ be a function with the property that $|f(x)-f(y)|\le |x-y|$ for every $x,y\in\mathbb{R}$.
Show that:
a) If $\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} f(x+n)=\infty$ for every $x\in\mathbb{R}$, then $\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}=\infty$.
b) If $\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} f(x+n)=\alpha ,\alpha\in[0,\infty )$ for every $x\in\mathbb{R}$, then $\lim_{x\rightarrow\infty}=\alpha$.
Let $f:[-1,1]\to\mathbb{R}$ be a continuous function having finite derivative at $0$, and
\[I(h)=\int^h_{-h}f(x)\text{ d}x,\ h\in [0,1].\]
Prove that
a) there exists $M>0$ such that $|I(h)-2f(0)h|\le Mh^2$, for any $h\in [0,1]$.
b) the sequence $(a_n)_{n\ge 1}$, defined by $a_n=\sum_{k=1}^n\sqrt{k}|I(1/k)|$, is convergent if and only if $f(0)=0$.
[i]Calin Popescu[/i]
Show that a function $ f(x)\equal{}\int_{\minus{}1}^1 (1\minus{}|\ t\ |)\cos (xt)\ dt$ is continuous at $ x\equal{}0$.
Let $n$ be a positive integer. Let $(a, b, c)$ be a random ordered triple of nonnegative integers such that $a + b + c = n$, chosen uniformly at random from among all such triples. Let $M_n$ be the expected value (average value) of the largest of $a$, $b$, and $c$. As $n$ approaches infinity, what value does $\frac{M_n}{n}$ approach?
Show that the number $r(n)$ of representations of $n$ as a sum of two squares has $\pi$ as arithmetic mean, that is \[\lim_{n \to \infty}\frac{1}{n}\sum^{n}_{m=1}r(m) = \pi.\]
$ a>0,\quad\lim_{n\to\infty }\sum_{i=1}^n \frac{1}{n+a^i} $
Let $ f(x) \equal{} e^{(p \plus{} 1)x} \minus{} e^x$ for real number $ p > 0$. Answer the following questions.
(1) Find the value of $ x \equal{} s_p$ for which $ f(x)$ is minimal and draw the graph of $ y \equal{} f(x)$.
(2) Let $ g(t) \equal{} \int_t^{t \plus{} 1} f(x)e^{t \minus{} x}\ dx$. Find the value of $ t \equal{} t_p$ for which $ g(t)$ is minimal.
(3) Use the fact $ 1 \plus{} \frac {p}{2}\leq \frac {e^p \minus{} 1}{p}\leq 1 \plus{} \frac {p}{2} \plus{} p^2\ (0 < p\leq 1)$ to find the limit $ \lim_{p\rightarrow \plus{}0} (t_p \minus{} s_p)$.
Let $n$ be a positive integer. We define $f(n)$ as the number of finite sequences $(a_1, a_2, \ldots , a_k)$ of positive integers such that $a_1 < a_2 < a_3 < \cdots < a_k$ and $$a_1+a_2^2+a_3^3+\cdots + a_k^k \leq n.$$ Determine the positive constants $\alpha$ and $C$ such that $$\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow \infty} \frac{f(n)}{n^\alpha}=C.$$
Given a figure $F: x^2+\frac{y^2}{3}=1$ on the coordinate plane. Denote by $S_n$ the area of the common part of the $n+1' s$ figures formed by rotating $F$ of $\frac{k}{2n}\pi\ (k=0,\ 1,\ 2,\ \cdots,\ n)$ radians counterclockwise about the origin. Find $\lim_{n\to\infty} S_n$.
Let $f(x)=\lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{\sin^{n+2}x+\cos^{n+2}x}{\sin^n x+\cos^n x}$ for $0\leq x\leq \frac{\pi}2.$
Evaluate $\int_0^{\frac{\pi}2} f(x)\ dx.$
Let $f(x)$ be a real-valued function defined for $0<x<1.$ If
$$ \lim_{x \to 0} f(x) =0 \;\; \text{and} \;\; f(x) - f \left( \frac{x}{2} \right) =o(x),$$
prove that $f(x) =o(x),$ where we use the O-notation.
suppose that polynomial $p(x)=x^{2010}\pm x^{2009}\pm...\pm x\pm 1$ does not have a real root. what is the maximum number of coefficients to be $-1$?(14 points)
Let $ n$ be positive integer. For $ n \equal{} 1,\ 2,\ 3,\ \cdots n$, let denote $ S_k$ be the area of $ \triangle{AOB_k}$ such that $ \angle{AOB_k} \equal{} \frac {k}{2n}\pi ,\ OA \equal{} 1,\ OB_k \equal{} k$. Find the limit $ \lim_{n\to\infty}\frac {1}{n^2}\sum_{k \equal{} 1}^n S_k$.
Find $\alpha$ such that
$$\lim_{x\to0^+}x^\alpha I(x)=a\enspace\text{given}\enspace I(x)=\int^\infty_0\sqrt{1+t}\cdot e^{-xt}dt$$
where $a$ is a nonzero real number.
Determine the number of real solutions of the system \[\left\{ \begin{aligned}\cos x_{1}&= x_{2}\\ &\cdots \\ \cos x_{n-1}&= x_{n}\\ \cos x_{n}&= x_{1}\\ \end{aligned}\right.\]
Let there be $(a_n)_{n\ge1},(b_n)_{n\ge1},a_n,b_n\in\mathbb R^*_+=(0,\infty)$ such that $\lim_{n\to\infty}a_n=a\in\mathbb R^*_+$ and $(b_n)_{n\ge1}$ is a bounded sequence. If $(x_n)_{n\ge1}$, $x_n=\prod_{k=1}^n(ka_h+b_h)$ find:
$$\lim_{n\to\infty}\left(\sqrt[n+1]{x_{n+1}}-\sqrt[n]{x_n}\right)$$
[i]Proposed by D.M. Bătinețu-Giurgiu and Daniel Sitaru[/i]
(a) Let $a_1,a_2,...$ be a sequenceof reals with $a_1=1$ and $a_{n+1}>\frac32 a_n$ for all $n$. Prove that $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\frac{a_n}{\left(\frac32\right)^{n-1}}$ exists. (finite or infinite)
(b) Prove that for all $\alpha>1$ there is a sequence $a_1,a_2,...$ with the same properties such that $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\frac{a_n}{\left(\frac32\right)^{n-1}}=\alpha$