Suppose that $ a$ and $ b$ are are nonzero real numbers, and that the equation $ x^2\plus{}ax\plus{}b\equal{}0$ has solutions $ a$ and $ b$. Then the pair $ (a,b)$ is $ \textbf{(A)}\ (\minus{}2,1) \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ (\minus{}1,2) \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ (1,\minus{}2) \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ (2,\minus{}1) \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ (4,4)$

Determine the number of all numbers which are represented as $x^2+y^2$ with $x, y \in \{1, 2, 3, \ldots, 1000\}$ and which are divisible by 121.

The sides of a 99-gon are initially colored so that consecutive sides are red, blue, red, blue, $\,\ldots, \,$ red, blue, yellow. We make a sequence of modifications in the coloring, changing the color of one side at a time to one of the three given colors (red, blue, yellow), under the constraint that no two adjacent sides may be the same color. By making a sequence of such modifications, is it possible to arrive at the coloring in which consecutive sides are red, blue, red, blue, red, blue, $\, \ldots, \,$ red, yellow, blue?

Suppose that $P(x)$ is a monic quadratic polynomial satisfying $aP(a) = 20P(20) = 22P(22)$ for some integer $a\neq 20, 22$. Find the minimum possible positive value of $P(0)$. [i]Proposed by Andrew Wu[/i] (Note: wording changed from original to specify that $a \neq 20, 22$.)

Let $k$ be a fixed integer greater than 1, and let ${m=4k^2-5}$. Show that there exist positive integers $a$ and $b$ such that the sequence $(x_n)$ defined by \[x_0=a,\quad x_1=b,\quad x_{n+2}=x_{n+1}+x_n\quad\text{for}\quad n=0,1,2,\dots,\] has all of its terms relatively prime to $m$. [i]Proposed by Jaroslaw Wroblewski, Poland[/i]

Let $K$ be a point on the side $[AB]$, and $L$ be a point on the side $[BC]$ of the square $ABCD$. If $|AK|=3$, $|KB|=2$, and the distance of $K$ to the line $DL$ is $3$, what is $|BL|:|LC|$? $ \textbf{(A)}\ \frac78 \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ \frac{\sqrt 3}2 \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ \frac 87 \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ \frac 38 \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \frac{\sqrt 2}2 $

Find all pairs of integers $a,b$ for which there exists a polynomial $P(x) \in \mathbb{Z}[X]$ such that product $(x^2+ax+b)\cdot P(x)$ is a polynomial of a form \[ x^n+c_{n-1}x^{n-1}+\cdots+c_1x+c_0 \] where each of $c_0,c_1,\ldots,c_{n-1}$ is equal to $1$ or $-1$.

Solve the equation \[\int_0^1(x+y)^2u(x)dx=\lambda u(y)+1\]

(1) Let $x>0,\ y$ be real numbers. For variable $t$, find the difference of Maximum and minimum value of the quadratic function $f(t)=xt^2+yt$ in $0\leq t\leq 1$. (2) Let $S$ be the domain of the points $(x,\ y)$ in the coordinate plane forming the following condition: For $x>0$ and all real numbers $t$ with $0\leq t\leq 1$ , there exists real number $z$ for which $0\leq xt^2+yt+z\leq 1$ . Sketch the outline of $S$. (3) Let $V$ be the domain of the points $(x,\ y,\ z) $ in the coordinate space forming the following condition: For $0\leq x\leq 1$ and for all real numbers $t$ with $0\leq t\leq 1$, $0\leq xt^2+yt+z\leq 1$ holds. Find the volume of $V$. [i]2011 Tokyo University entrance exam/Science, Problem 6[/i]

Let $f(x)=\frac{ax+b}{cx+d}$ $F_n(x)=f(f(f...f(x)...))$ (with $n\ f's$) Suppose that $f(0) \not =0$, $f(f(0)) \not = 0$, and for some $n$ we have $F_n(0)=0$, show that $F_n(x)=x$ (for any valid x).

Let $a$ and $b$ be real numbers, and let $r$, $s$, and $t$ be the roots of $f(x)=x^3+ax^2+bx-1$. Also, $g(x)=x^3+mx^2+nx+p$ has roots $r^2$, $s^2$, and $t^2$. If $g(-1)=-5$, find the maximum possible value of $b$.

For $x^2+2x+5$ to be a factor of $x^4+px^2+q$, the values of $p$ and $q$ must be, respectively: $ \textbf{(A)}\ -2, 5\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 5, 25\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 10, 20\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 6, 25\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 14, 25 $

Determine all pairs of positive real numbers $(a, b)$ for which there exists a function $ f:\mathbb{R^{+}}\rightarrow\mathbb{R^{+}} $ satisfying for all positive real numbers $x$ the equation $ f(f(x))=af(x)- bx $

Find all values of $b$ such that the difference between the maximum and minimum values of $f(x) = x^2-2bx-1$ on the interval $[0, 1]$ is $1$.

Three men, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma, working together, do a job in $6$ hours less time than Alpha alone, in $1$ hour less time than Beta alone, and in one-half the time needed by Gamma when working alone. Let $h$ be the number of hours needed by Alpha and Beta, working together to do the job. Then $h$ equals: $\text{(A)}\ \dfrac{5}{2}\qquad \text{(B)}\ \frac{3}{2}\qquad \text{(C)}\ \dfrac{4}{3}\qquad \text{(D)}\ \dfrac{5}{4}\qquad \text{(E)}\ \dfrac{3}{4}$

Prove that there are infinitely many positive integers $ n$ such that $ n^{2} \plus{} 1$ has a prime divisor greater than $ 2n \plus{} \sqrt {2n}$. [i]Author: Kestutis Cesnavicius, Lithuania[/i]

Determine the number of all numbers which are represented as $x^2+y^2$ with $x, y \in \{1, 2, 3, \ldots, 1000\}$ and which are divisible by 121.

Let $f(x)=Ax^2+Bx+C$, $g(x)=ax^2+bx+c$ be two quadratic polynomial functions with real coefficients that satisfy the relation \[|f(x)| \ge |g(x)|\] for all real $x$. Prove that $|b^2-4ac| \le |B^2-4AC|.$ My solution was nearly complete...

Assume that $x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_7$ are real numbers such that \[ \begin{array}{r} x_1+4x_2+9x_3+16x_4+25x_5+36x_6+49x_7=1\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, \\ 4x_1+9x_2+16x_3+25x_4+36x_5+49x_6+64x_7=12\,\,\,\,\, \\ 9x_1+16x_2+25x_3+36x_4+49x_5+64x_6+81x_7=123. \\ \end{array} \] Find the value of \[16x_1+25x_2+36x_3+49x_4+64x_5+81x_6+100x_7.\]

Find all values of $ \alpha$ for which the curves $ y\equal{}\alpha x^2\plus{}\alpha x\plus{}\frac1{24}$ and $ x\equal{}\alpha y^2\plus{}\alpha y\plus{}\frac1{24}$ are tangent to each other.

Let $S_1$ be a semicircle with centre $O$ and diameter $AB$.A circle $C_1$ with centre $P$ is drawn, tangent to $S_1$, and tangent to $AB$ at $O$. A semicircle $S_2$ is drawn, with centre $Q$ on $AB$, tangent to $S_1$ and to $C_1$. A circle $C_2$ with centre $R$ is drawn, internally tangent to $S_1$ and externally tangent to $S_2$ and $C_1$. Prove that $OPRQ$ is a rectangle.

Find the sum of all $\left\lfloor x\right\rfloor$ such that $x^2-15\left\lfloor x\right\rfloor+36=0$. $\text{(A) }15\qquad\text{(B) }26\qquad\text{(C) }45\qquad\text{(D) }49\qquad\text{(E) }75$

Let $f(x)$ be a quadratic function with integer coefficients. If we know that $f(0)$, $f(3)$ and $f(4)$ are all different and elements of the set $\{2, 20, 202, 2022\}$, determine all possible values of $f(1)$.

For any sequence of real numbers $A=(a_1,a_2,a_3,\ldots)$, define $\Delta A$ to be the sequence $(a_2-a_1,a_3-a_2,a_4-a_3,\ldots)$, whose $n^\text{th}$ term is $a_{n+1}-a_n$. Suppose that all of the terms of the sequence $\Delta(\Delta A)$ are $1$, and that $a_{19}=a_{92}=0$. Find $a_1$.

The sum of the roots of the equation $ 4x^2\plus{}5\minus{}8x\equal{}0$ is equal to: $\textbf{(A)}\ 8 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ -5 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ -\dfrac{5}{4} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ -2 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \text{None of these}$