Olympiad problems

2005 SNSB Admission, 2

Let $ \lambda $ be the Lebesgue measure in the plane, let $ u,v\in\mathbb{R}^2, $ let $ A\subset\mathbb{R}^2 $ such that $ \lambda (A)>0 $ and let be the function $ f:\mathbb{R}\longrightarrow\mathbb{R} $ defined as $$ f(t)=\int_A \chi_{A+tu}\cdot\chi_{A+tv}\cdot d\lambda $$ [b]a)[/b] Show that $ f $ is continuous. [b]b)[/b] Prove that any Lebesgue measurable subset of the plane that has nonzero Lebesgue measure contains the vertices of an equilateral triangle.

2008 Moldova National Olympiad, 12.8

Tags: integration , trigonometry , logarithm , real analysis

Evaluate $ \displaystyle I \equal{} \int_0^{\frac\pi4}\left(\sin^62x \plus{} \cos^62x\right)\cdot \ln(1 \plus{} \tan x)\text{d}x$.

2021 Miklós Schweitzer, 6

Tags: real analysis , fourier analysis

Let $f$ and $g$ be $2 \pi$-periodic integrable functions such that in some neighborhood of $0$, $g(x) = f(ax)$ with some $a \neq 0$. Prove that the Fourier series of $f$ and $g$ are simultaneously convergent or divergent at $0$.

2000 Miklós Schweitzer, 6

Tags: borel set , real analysis

Suppose the real line is decomposed into two uncountable Borel sets. Prove that a suitable translated copy of the first set intersects the second in an uncountable set.

2001 Miklós Schweitzer, 6

Tags: function , inequalities , functional inequality , real analysis

Let $I\subset \mathbb R$ be a non-empty open interval, $\varepsilon\geq 0$ and $f\colon I\rightarrow\mathbb R$ a function satisfying the $$f(tx+(1-t)y)\leq tf(x)+(1-t)f(y)+\varepsilon t(1-t)|x-y|$$ inequality for all $x,y\in I$ and $t\in [0,1]$. Prove that there exists a convex $g\colon I\rightarrow\mathbb R$ function, such that the function $l :=f-g$ has the $\varepsilon$-Lipschitz property, that is $$|l(x)-l(y)|\leq \varepsilon|x-y|\text{ for all }x,y\in I$$

1992 Miklós Schweitzer, 5

Tags: number theory , real analysis

Prove that if the $a_i$'s are different natural numbers, then $\sum_ {j = 1}^n a_j ^ 2 \prod_{k \neq j} \frac{a_j + a_k}{a_j-a_k}$ is a square number.

1997 IMC, 2

Tags: real analysis

Let $a_n$ be a sequence of reals. Suppose $\sum a_n$ converges. Do these sums converge aswell? (a) $a_1+a_2+(a_4+a_3)+(a_8+...+a_5)+(a_{16}+...+a_9)+...$ (b) ${a_1+a_2+(a_3)+(a_4)+(a_5+a_7)+(a_6+a_8)+(a_9+a_{11}+a_{13}+a_{15})+(a_{10}+a_{12}+a_{14}+a_{16})+(a_{17}+a_{19}+...}$

2011 Laurențiu Duican, 3

Tags: function , find all functions , real analysis

Find the $ \mathcal{C}^1 $ class functions $ f:[0,2]\longrightarrow\mathbb{R} $ having the property that the application $ x\mapsto e^{-x} f(x) $ is nonincreasing on $ [0,1] , $ nondecreasing on $ [1,2] , $ and satisfying $$ \int_0^2 xf(x)dx=f(0)+f(2) . $$ [i]Cristinel Mortici[/i]

2017 District Olympiad, 3

Tags: real analysis , trigonometry

Find $$ \inf_{\substack{ n\ge 1 \\ a_1,\ldots ,a_n >0 \\ a_1+\cdots +a_n <\pi }} \left( \sum_{j=1}^n a_j\cos \left( a_1+a_2+\cdots +a_j \right)\right) . $$

2024 Miklos Schweitzer, 3

Tags: real analysis

Do there exist continuous functions $f, g: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$, both nowhere differentiable, such that $f \circ g$ is differentiable?

2005 Grigore Moisil Urziceni, 3

Tags: real analysis , sequence , limit

Let be a sequence $ \left( a_n \right)_{n\ge 1} $ with $ a_1>0 $ and satisfying the equality $$ a_n=\sqrt{a_{n+1} -\sqrt{a_{n+1} +a_n}} , $$ for all natural numbers $ n. $ [b]a)[/b] Find a recurrence relation between two consecutive elements of $ \left( a_n \right)_{n\ge 1} . $ [b]b)[/b] Prove that $ \lim_{n\to\infty } \frac{\ln\ln a_n}{n} =\ln 2. $

2003 IMC, 3

Tags: dense , topology , real analysis

Let $A$ be a closed subset of $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ and let $B$ be the set of all those points $b \in \mathbb{R}^{n}$ for which there exists exactly one point $a_{0}\in A $ such that $|a_{0}-b|= \inf_{a\in A}|a-b|$. Prove that $B$ is dense in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$; that is, the closure of $B$ is $\mathbb{R}^{n}$

2023 Brazil Undergrad MO, 6

Tags: algebra , real analysis , sequence

Determine all pairs $(c, d) \in \mathbb{R}^2$ of real constants such that there is a sequence $(a_n)_{n\geq1}$ of positive real numbers such that, for all $n \geq 1$, $$a_n \geq c \cdot a_{n+1} + d \cdot \sum_{1 \leq j < n} a_j .$$

1961 Miklós Schweitzer, 6

Tags: real analysis

[b]6.[/b] Consider a sequence $\{ a_n \}_{n=1}^{\infty}$ such that, for any convergent subsequence $\{ a_{n_k} \}$ of $\{a_n\}$, the sequence $\{ a_{n_k +1} \}$ also is convergent and has the same limit as $\{ a_{n_k}\}$. Prove that the sequence $\{ a_n \}$ is either convergent of has infinitely many accumulation points the set of which is dense in itself. Give an example for the second case. (A sequence $ x_n \to \infty $ or $-\infty$ is considered to be convergente, too) [b](S. 13)[/b]

2008 Moldova MO 11-12, 6

Tags: calculus , integration , limit , real analysis

Find $ \lim_{n\to\infty}a_n$ where $ (a_n)_{n\ge1}$ is defined by $ a_n\equal{}\frac1{\sqrt{n^2\plus{}8n\minus{}1}}\plus{}\frac1{\sqrt{n^2\plus{}16n\minus{}1}}\plus{}\frac1{\sqrt{n^2\plus{}24n\minus{}1}}\plus{}\ldots\plus{}\frac1{\sqrt{9n^2\minus{}1}}$.

1969 Miklós Schweitzer, 4

Tags: inequalities , logarithm , real analysis

Show that the following inequality hold for all $ k \geq 1$, real numbers $ a_1,a_2,...,a_k$, and positive numbers $ x_1,x_2,...,x_k.$ \[ \ln \frac {\sum\limits_{i \equal{} 1}^kx_i}{\sum\limits_{i \equal{} 1}^kx_i^{1 \minus{} a_i}} \leq \frac {\sum\limits_{i \equal{} 1}^ka_ix_i \ln x_i}{\sum\limits_{i \equal{} 1}^kx_i} . \] [i]L. Losonczi[/i]

2006 Romania National Olympiad, 2

Tags: limit , integration , real analysis

Prove that \[ \lim_{n \to \infty} n \left( \frac{\pi}{4} - n \int_0^1 \frac{x^n}{1+x^{2n}} \, dx \right) = \int_0^1 f(x) \, dx , \] where $f(x) = \frac{\arctan x}{x}$ if $x \in \left( 0,1 \right]$ and $f(0)=1$. [i]Dorin Andrica, Mihai Piticari[/i]

2006 Petru Moroșan-Trident, 2

Tags: function , find all functions , real analysis , calculus , derivative

Find the twice-differentiable functions $ f:\mathbb{R}\longrightarrow\mathbb{R} $ that have the property that $$ f'(x)+F(x)=2f(x)+x^2/2, $$ for any real numbers $ x; $ where $ F $ is a primitive of $ f. $ [i]Carmen Botea[/i]

1967 Miklós Schweitzer, 6

Tags: vector , functional analysis , real analysis

Let $ A$ be a family of proper closed subspaces of the Hilbert space $ H\equal{}l^2$ totally ordered with respect to inclusion (that is , if $ L_1,L_2 \in A$, then either $ L_1\subset L_2$ or $ L_2\subset L_1$). Prove that there exists a vector $ x \in H$ not contaied in any of the subspaces $ L$ belonging to $ A$. [i]B. Szokefalvi Nagy[/i]

1998 IberoAmerican Olympiad For University Students, 6

Tags: integration , calculus , derivative , limit , real analysis

Take the following differential equation: \[3(3+x^2)\frac{dx}{dt}=2(1+x^2)^2e^{-t^2}\] If $x(0)\leq 1$, prove that there exists $M>0$ such that $|x(t)|<M$ for all $t\geq 0$.

2012 Centers of Excellency of Suceava, 4

Tags: calculus , integration , real analysis , sequence of integrals , definite integral

Let be the sequence $ \left( J_n \right)_{n\ge 1} , $ where $ J_n=\int_{(1+n)^2}^{1+(1+n)^2} \sqrt{\frac{x-1-n-n^2}{x-1}} dx. $ [b]a)[/b] Study its monotony. [b]b)[/b] Calculate $ \lim_{n\to\infty } J_n\sqrt{n} . $ [i]Ion Bursuc[/i]

2006 Petru Moroșan-Trident, 1

Tags: real analysis , sequence , limit

What relationship should be between the positive real numbers $ a $ and $ b $ such that the sequence $ \left(\left( a\sqrt[n]{n} +b \right)^{\frac{n}{\ln n}}\right)_{n\ge 1} $ has a nonzero and finite limit? For such $ a,b, $ calculate the limit of this sequence. [i]Ion Cucurezeanu[/i]

2004 Alexandru Myller, 4

Tags: analysis , real analysis , definite integral , factorial , function , limit

For any natural number $ m, \quad\lim_{n\to\infty } n^{1+m} \int_{0}^1 e^{-nx}\ln \left( 1+x^m \right) dx =m! . $ [i]Gheorghe Iurea[/i]

2003 Alexandru Myller, 3

Tags: inequalities , real analysis

Let be a nonnegative integer $ n. $ Prove that there exists an increasing and finite sequence of positive real numbers, $ \left( a_k \right)_{0\le k\le n} , $ that satisfy the equality $$ a_0/0! +a_1/1! +a_2/2! +\cdots +a_n/n! =1/n! , $$ and the inequality $$ a_0+a_1+a_2+\cdots +a_n<\frac{3}{2^n} . $$ [i]Dorin Andrica[/i]

1997 VJIMC, Problem 4-M

Tags: trigonometry , summation , real analysis , factorial , limit

Prove that $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{n^2}{(7n)!}=\frac1{7^3}\sum_{k=1}^2\sum_{j=0}^6e^{\cos(2\pi j/7)}\cdot\cos\left(\frac{2k\pi j}7+\sin\frac{2\pi j}7\right).$$