Found problems: 148
2020 Stars of Mathematics, 2
Given a positive integer $k,$ prove that for any integer $n \geq 20k,$ there exist $n - k$ pairwise distinct positive integers whose squares add up to $n(n + 1)(2n + 1)/6.$
[i]The Problem Selection Committee[/i]
2020 Romania EGMO TST, P2
Suppose a function $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ satisfies $|f(x+y)|\geqslant|f(x)+f(y)|$ for all real numbers $x$ and $y$. Prove that equality always holds. Is the conclusion valid if the sign of the inequality is reversed?
2022 Romania EGMO TST, P3
Let $ABCD$ be a convex quadrilateral and let $O$ be the intersection of its diagonals. Let $P,Q,R,$ and $S$ be the projections of $O$ on $AB,BC,CD,$ and $DA$ respectively. Prove that \[2(OP+OQ+OR+OS)\leq AB+BC+CD+DA.\]
2022 District Olympiad, P4
We call a set of $6$ points in the plane [i]splittable[/i] if we if can denote its elements by $A,B,C,D,E$ and $F$ in such a way that $\triangle ABC$ and $\triangle DEF$ have the same centroid.
[list=a]
[*]Construct a splittable set.
[*]Show that any set of $7$ points has a subset of $6$ points which is [i]not[/i] splittable.
[/list]
2022 District Olympiad, P2
Let $z_1,z_2$ and $z_3$ be complex numbers of modulus $1,$ such that $|z_i-z_j|\geq\sqrt{2}$ for all $i\neq j\in\{1,2,3\}.$ Prove that \[|z_1+z_2|+|z_2+z_3|+|z_3+z_2|\leq 3.\][i]Mathematical Gazette[/i]
2022 Romania EGMO TST, P1
A finite set $M$ of real numbers has the following properties: $M$ has at least $4$ elements, and there exists a bijective function $f:M\to M$, different from the identity, such that $ab\leq f(a)f(b)$ for all $a\neq b\in M.$ Prove that the sum of the elements of $M$ is $0.$
2004 Romania Team Selection Test, 11
Let $I$ be the incenter of the non-isosceles triangle $ABC$ and let $A',B',C'$ be the tangency points of the incircle with the sides $BC,CA,AB$ respectively. The lines $AA'$ and $BB'$ intersect in $P$, the lines $AC$ and $A'C'$ in $M$ and the lines $B'C'$ and $BC$ intersect in $N$. Prove that the lines $IP$ and $MN$ are perpendicular.
[i]Alternative formulation.[/i] The incircle of a non-isosceles triangle $ABC$ has center $I$ and touches the sides $BC$, $CA$ and $AB$ in $A^{\prime}$, $B^{\prime}$ and $C^{\prime}$, respectively. The lines $AA^{\prime}$ and $BB^{\prime}$ intersect in $P$, the lines $AC$ and $A^{\prime}C^{\prime}$ intersect in $M$, and the lines $BC$ and $B^{\prime}C^{\prime}$ intersect in $N$. Prove that the lines $IP$ and $MN$ are perpendicular.
2022 Romania National Olympiad, P1
Let $f:[0,1]\to(0,1)$ be a surjective function.
[list=a]
[*]Prove that $f$ has at least one point of discontinuity.
[*]Given that $f$ admits a limit in any point of the interval $[0,1],$ show that is has at least two points of discontinuity.
[/list][i]Mihai Piticari and Sorin Rădulescu[/i]
2021 Romania EGMO TST, P3
Determine all pairs of positive integers $(m,n)$ for which an $m\times n$ rectangle can be tiled with (possibly rotated) L-shaped trominos.
2022 Romania Team Selection Test, 3
Let $ABC$ be a triangle and let its incircle $\gamma$ touch the sides $BC,CA,AB$ at $D,E,F$ respectively. Let $P$ be a point strictly in the interior of $\gamma.$ The segments $PA,PB,PC$ cross $\gamma$ at $A_0,B_0,C_0$ respectively. Let $S_A,S_B,S_C$ be the centres of the circles $PEF,PFD,PDE$ respectively and let $T_A,T_B,T_C$ be the centres of the circles $PB_0C_0,PC_0A_0,PA_0B_0$ respectively. Prove that $S_AT_A, S_BT_B$ and $S_CT_C$ are concurrent.
2022 District Olympiad, P2
Let $(G,\cdot)$ be a group and $H\neq G$ be a subgroup so that $x^2=y^2$ for all $x,y\in G\setminus H.$ Show that $(H,\cdot)$ is an Abelian group.
2022 Junior Balkan Team Selection Tests - Romania, P3
Let $p_i$ denote the $i^{\text{th}}$ prime number. For any positive integer $k$ let $a_k$ denote the number of positive integers $t$ such that $p_tp_{t+1}$ divides $k.$ Let $n$ be an arbitrary positive integer. Prove that \[a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n<\frac{n}{3}.\]
2021 Winter Stars of Mathematics, 2
Given a positive integer $k,$ prove that for any integer $n \geq 20k,$ there exist $n - k$ pairwise distinct positive integers whose squares add up to $n(n + 1)(2n + 1)/6.$
[i]The Problem Selection Committee[/i]
2015 District Olympiad, 2
Let $ ABC $ be an obtuse triangle with $ AB=AC, M $ the symmetric point of $ A $ with respect to $ C, $ and $ P $ the intersection of the line $ AB $ with the perpendicular bisector of the segment $ \overline{AB} . $
Knowing that $ PM $ is perpendicular to $ BC, $ show that $ APM $ is equilateral.
2022 Romania National Olympiad, P2
Let $z_1$ and $z_2$ be complex numbers. Prove that \[|z_1+z_2|+|z_1-z_2|\leqslant |z_1|+|z_2|+\max\{|z_1|,|z_2|\}.\][i]Vlad Cerbu and Sorin Rădulescu[/i]
2023 Romania EGMO TST, P3
Let $D{}$ be a point inside the triangle $ABC$. Let $E{}$ and $F{}$ be the projections of $D{}$ onto $AB$ and $AC$, respectively. The lines $BD$ and $CD$ intersect the circumcircle of $ABC$ the second time at $M{}$ and $N{}$, respectively. Prove that \[\frac{EF}{MN}\geqslant \frac{r}{R},\]where $r{}$ and $R{}$ are the inradius and circumradius of $ABC$, respectively.
2022 Romania National Olympiad, P2
Let $\mathcal{F}$ be the set of pairs of matrices $(A,B)\in\mathcal{M}_2(\mathbb{Z})\times\mathcal{M}_2(\mathbb{Z})$ for which there exists some positive integer $k$ and matrices $C_1,C_2,\ldots, C_k\in\{A,B\}$ such that $C_1C_2\cdots C_k=O_2.$ For each $(A,B)\in\mathcal{F},$ let $k(A,B)$ denote the minimal positive integer $k$ which satisfies the latter property.
[list=a]
[*]Let $(A,B)\in\mathcal{F}$ with $\det(A)=0,\det(B)\neq 0$ and $k(A,B)=p+2$ for some $p\in\mathbb{N}^*.$ Show that $AB^pA=O_2.$
[*]Prove that for any $k\geq 3$ there exists a pair $(A,B)\in\mathcal{F}$ such that $k(A,B)=k.$
[/list][i]Bogdan Blaga[/i]
2021 Junior Balkan Team Selection Tests - Romania, P4
Let $n\geq 2$ be a positive integer. Prove that there exists a positive integer $m$, such that $n\mid m, \ m<n^4$ and at most four distinct digits are used in the decimal representation of $m$.
2022 Junior Balkan Team Selection Tests - Romania, P1
Let $M,N$ and $P$ be the midpoints of sides $BC,CA$ and $AB$ respectively, of the acute triangle $ABC.$ Let $A',B'$ and $C'$ be the antipodes of $A,B$ and $C$ in the circumcircle of triangle $ABC.$ On the open segments $MA',NB'$ and $PC'$ we consider points $X,Y$ and $Z$ respectively such that \[\frac{MX}{XA'}=\frac{NY}{YB'}=\frac{PZ}{ZC'}.\][list=a]
[*]Prove that the lines $AX,BY,$ and $CZ$ are concurrent at some point $S.$
[*]Prove that $OS<OG$ where $O$ is the circumcenter and $G$ is the centroid of triangle $ABC.$
[/list]
2016 Danube Mathematical Olympiad, 4
A unit square is removed from the corner of an $n\times n$ grid where $n \geq 2$. Prove that the remainder can be covered by copies of the "L-shapes" consisting of $3$ or $5$ unit square, as depicted in the figure below. Every square must be covered once and the L-shapes must not go over the bounds of the grid.
[asy]
import geometry;
draw((-1.5,0)--(-3.5,0)--(-3.5,2)--(-2.5,2)--(-2.5,1)--(-1.5,1)--cycle);
draw((-3.5,1)--(-2.5,1)--(-2.5,0));
draw((0.5,0)--(0.5,3)--(1.5,3)--(1.5,1)--(3.5,1)--(3.5,0)--cycle);
draw((1.5,0)--(1.5,1));
draw((2.5,0)--(2.5,1));
draw((0.5,1)--(1.5,1));
draw((0.5,2)--(1.5,2));
[/asy][i]Estonian Olympiad, 2009[/i]
2022 Junior Balkan Team Selection Tests - Romania, P2
Let $ABC$ be an acute scalene triangle. Let $D$ be the foot of the $A$-bisectrix and $E$ be the foot of the $A$-altitude. The perpendicular bisector of the segment $AD$ intersects the semicircles of diameter $AB$ and $AC$ which lie on the outside of triangle $ABC$ at $X$ and $Y$ respectively. Prove that the points $X,Y,D$ and $E$ lie on a circle.
2017 Romanian Master of Mathematics Shortlist, G1
Let $ABCD$ be a trapezium, $AD\parallel BC$, and let $E,F$ be points on the sides$AB$ and $CD$, respectively. The circumcircle of $AEF$ meets $AD$ again at $A_1$, and the circumcircle of $CEF$ meets $BC$ again at $C_1$. Prove that $A_1C_1,BD,EF$ are concurrent.
2018 IMAR Test, 1
Let $ABC$ be a triangle whose angle at $A$ is right, and let $D$ be the foot of the altitude from $A$. A variable point $M$ traces the interior of the minor arc $AB$ of the circle $ABC$. The internal bisector of the angle $DAM$ crosses $CM$ at $N$. The line through $N$ and perpendicular to $CM$ crosses the line $AD$ at $P$. Determine the locus of the point where the line $BN$ crosses the line $CP$.
[i]* * *[/i]
2020 Stars of Mathematics, 4
Prove that, if every three consecutive vertices of a convex $n{}$-gon, $n\geqslant 4$, span a triangle of area at least 1, then the area of the $n{}$-gon is (strictly) greater than $(n\log_2 n)/4-1/2.$
[i]Radu Bumbăcea & Călin Popescu[/i]
2020 Stars of Mathematics, 3
Determine all integers $n>1$ whose positive divisors add up to a power of $3.$
[i]Andrei Bâra[/i]