Found problems: 85335
Andy and Harry are trying to make an O for the MOAA logo. Andy starts with a circular piece of leather with radius 3 feet and cuts out a circle with radius 2 feet from the middle. Harry starts with a square piece of leather with side length 3 feet and cuts out a square with side length 2 feet from the middle. In square feet, what is the positive difference in area between Andy and Harry's final product to the nearest integer?
[i]Proposed by Andy Xu[/i]
The isosceles right triangle $ABC$ has right angle at $C$ and area $12.5$. The rays trisecting $\angle{ACB}$ intersect $AB$ at $D$ and $E$. What is the area of $\triangle{CDE}$?
$\textbf{(A) }\frac{5\sqrt{2}}{3}\qquad\textbf{(B) }\frac{50\sqrt{3}-75}{4}\qquad\textbf{(C) }\frac{15\sqrt{3}}{8}\qquad\textbf{(D) }\frac{50-25\sqrt{3}}{2}\qquad\textbf{(E) }\frac{25}{6}$
Define $f(x,y,z)=\frac{(xy+yz+zx)(x+y+z)}{(x+y)(y+z)(z+x)}$.
Determine the set of real numbers $r$ for which there exists a triplet of positive real numbers satisfying $f(x,y,z)=r$.
Let $x>1$ be a real number that is not an integer. Denote $\{x\}$ as its decimal part and $\lfloor x\rfloor$ the floor function. Prove that
$$ \left(\frac{x+\{x\}}{\lfloor x\rfloor}-\frac{\lfloor x\rfloor}{x+\{x\}}\right)+\left(\frac{x+\lfloor x\rfloor}{\{x\}}-\frac{\{x\}}{x+\lfloor x\rfloor}\right)>\frac{16}{3}$$
Around the outside of a $4$ by $4$ square, construct four semicircles (as shown in the figure) with the four sides of the square as their diameters. Another square, $ABCD$, has its sides parallel to the corresponding sides of the original square, and each side of $ABCD$ is tangent to one of the semicircles. The area of the square $ABCD$ is
[asy]
pair A,B,C,D;
A = origin; B = (4,0); C = (4,4); D = (0,4);
draw(A--B--C--D--cycle);
draw(arc((2,1),(1,1),(3,1),CCW)--arc((3,2),(3,1),(3,3),CCW)--arc((2,3),(3,3),(1,3),CCW)--arc((1,2),(1,3),(1,1),CCW));
draw((1,1)--(3,1)--(3,3)--(1,3)--cycle);
dot(A); dot(B); dot(C); dot(D); dot((1,1)); dot((3,1)); dot((1,3)); dot((3,3));
label("$A$",A,SW);
label("$B$",B,SE);
label("$C$",C,NE);
label("$D$",D,NW);
[/asy]
$\text{(A)}\ 16 \qquad \text{(B)}\ 32 \qquad \text{(C)}\ 36 \qquad \text{(D)}\ 48 \qquad \text{(E)}\ 64$
Given five $n$-digit binary numbers. For each two numbers their digits coincide exactly on $m$ places. There is no place with the common digit for all the five numbers. Prove that $$2/5 \le m/n \le 3/5$$
Find all polynomials $p(x)$ satisfying the condition:
$$p(x^2-2x)=p(x-2)^2.$$
Given positive reals $x,y,z$ such that $xy+yz+zx=1$, show that
\[\sum_{\text{cyc}}\sqrt{(xy+kx+ky)(xz+kx+kz)}\ge k^2,\]where $k=2+\sqrt{3}$.
[i]Victor Wang.[/i]
There are $43$ points in the space: $3$ yellow and $40$ red. Any four of them are not coplanar. May the number of triangles with red vertices hooked with the triangle with yellow vertices be equal to $2023$? Yellow triangle is hooked with the red one if the boundary of the red triangle meet the part of the plane bounded by the yellow triangle at the unique point. The triangles obtained by the transpositions of vertices are identical.
Find all functions $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ satisfying
\[f(x+f(y))=x+f(f(y))\]
for all real numbers $x$ and $y$, with the additional constraint $f(2004)=2005$.
Let $ABCDEFGHI$ be a regular polygon of $9$ sides. The segments $AE$ and $DF$ intersect at $P$. Prove that $PG$ and $AF$ are perpendicular.
Let $A_1A_2A_3\cdots A_{10}$ be a regular decagon and $A=A_1A_4\cap A_2A_5, B=A_1A_6\cap A_2A_7, C=A_1A_9\cap A_2A_{10}.$ Find the angles of the triangle $ABC$.
Given is a convex polyhedron with $ k $ faces $ S_1, \ldots, S_k $. Let us denote the vector of length 1 perpendicular to the wall $ S_i $ ($ i = 1, \ldots, k $) directed outside the given polyhedron by $ \overrightarrow{n_i} $, and the surface area of this wall by $ P_i $. Prove that
$$
\sum_{i=1}^k P_i \cdot \overrightarrow{n_i} = \overrightarrow{0}.$$
There are several candles of the same size on the Chapel of Bones. On the first day a candle is lit for a hour. On the second day two candles are lit for a hour, on the third day three candles are lit for a hour, and successively, until the last day, when all the candles are lit for a hour. On the end of that day, all the candles were completely consumed. Find all the possibilities for the number of candles.
Given is natural number $n$. Sasha claims that for any $n$ rays in space, no two of which have a common point, he will be able to mark on these rays $k$ points lying on one sphere. What is the largest $k$ for which his statement is true?
Find all pairs of natural numbers $(m,n)$, for which $m\mid 2^{\varphi(n)} +1$ and $n\mid 2^{\varphi (m)} +1$.
Let $ABC$ be a triangle . A circle through $B$ and $C$ crosses sides $AB$ and $AC$ at $P$ and $Q$, respectively. Points $X$ and $Y$ on segments $BQ$ and $CP$, respectively, satisfy $\angle ABY=\angle AXP$ and $ACX=\angle AYQ$. Prove that $XY$ and $BC$ are parallel.
For each integer $n\geq0$, let $S(n)=n-m^2$, where $m$ is the greatest integer with $m^2\leq n$. Define a sequence by $a_0=A$ and $a_{k+1}=a_k+S(a_k)$ for $k\geq0$. For what positive integers $A$ is this sequence eventually constant?
Let $A=(\alpha_{ij})$ be a $m\,x\,n$ matric and $B=(\beta_{kl})$ be a $n\,x\, m$ matric with $m>n$ . Prove that $D(A\cdot B)=0$.
Zeroes and ones are arranged in all the squares of $n\times n$ table.
All the squares of the left column are filled by ones, and the sum of numbers in every figure of the form
[asy]size(50); draw((2,1)--(0,1)--(0,2)--(2,2)--(2,0)--(1,0)--(1,2));[/asy]
(consisting of a square and its neighbours from left and from below)
is even.
Prove that no two rows of the table are identical.
[i]Proposed by O. Vanyushina[/i]
Find all bases of logarithms in which a real positive number can be equal to its logarithm or prove that none exist.
In the center of the square of side $1$ shown in the figure is an ant. At one point the ant starts walking until it touches the left side $(a)$, then continues walking until it reaches the bottom side $(b)$, and finally returns to the starting point. Show that, regardless of the path followed by the ant, the distance it travels is greater than the square root of $2$.
[asy]
unitsize(2 cm);
draw((0,0)--(1,0)--(1,1)--(0,1)--cycle);
label("$a$", (0,0.5), W);
label("$b$", (0.5,0), S);
dot((0.5,0.5));
[/asy]
Find all functions $ f : \mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ that satisfy
\[ f (x^{3} \plus{} y^{3}) \equal{} x^{2}f (x) \plus{} yf (y^{2})
\]
for all $ x, y \in\mathbb R.$
Given 365 cards, in which distinct numbers are written. We may ask for any three cards, the order of numbers written in them. Is it always possible to find out the order of all 365 cards by 2000 such questions?
An infinite table whose rows and columns are numbered with positive integers, is given. For a sequence of functions
$f_1(x), f_2(x), \ldots $ let us place the number $f_i(j)$ into the cell $(i,j)$ of the table (for all $i, j\in \mathbb{N}$).
A sequence $f_1(x), f_2(x), \ldots $ is said to be {\it nice}, if all the numbers in the table are positive integers, and each positive integer appears exactly once. Determine if there exists a nice sequence of functions $f_1(x), f_2(x), \ldots $, such that each $f_i(x)$ is a polynomial of degree 101 with integer coefficients and its leading coefficient equals to 1.