$L(a)$ is the line connecting the points of the unit circle corresponding to the angles $a$ and $\pi - 2a$. Prove that if $a + b + c = 2\pi$, then the lines $L (a), L (b)$ and $L (c)$ intersect at one point.

Do either (1) or (2): (1) Prove that the determinant of the matrix $$\begin{pmatrix} 1+a^2 -b^2 -c^2 & 2(ab+c) & 2(ac-b)\\ 2(ab-c) & 1-a^2 +b^2 -c^2 & 2(bc+a)\\ 2(ac+b)& 2(bc-a) & 1-a^2 -b^2 +c^2 \end{pmatrix}$$ is given by $(1+a^2 +b^2 +c^2)^{3}$. (2) A solid is formed by rotating the first quadrant of the ellipse $\frac{x^{2}}{a^{2}}+\frac{y^{2}}{b^{2}}=1$ around the $x$-axis. Prove that this solid can rest in stable equilibrium on its vertex if and only if $\frac{a}{b}\leq \sqrt{\frac{8}{5}}$.

Find all non-negative solutions to the equation $2013^x+2014^y=2015^z$

Given an acute triangle $ABC$ satisfying $\angle ACB<\angle ABC<\angle ACB+\dfrac{\angle BAC}{2}$. Let $D$ be a point on $BC$ such that $\angle ADC=\angle ACB+\dfrac{\angle BAC}{2}$. Tangent of circumcircle of $ABC$ at $A$ hits $BC$ at $E$. Bisector of $\angle AEB$ intersects $AD$ and $(ADE)$ at $G$ and $F$ respectively, $DF$ hits $AE$ at $H.$ a) Prove that circle with diameter $AE,DF,GH$ go through one common point. b) On the exterior bisector of $\angle BAC $ and ray $AC$ given point $K$ and $M$ respectively satisfying $KB=KD=KM$, On the exterior bisector of $\angle BAC$ and ray $AB$ given point $L$ and $N$ respectively satisfying $LC=LD=LN.$ Circle throughs $M,N$ and midpoint $I$ of $BC$ hits $BC$ at $P$ ($P\neq I$). Prove that $BM,CN,AP$ concurrent.

Show that any subset of $ V\equal{} \{ 1,2,...,24,25 \}$ with $ 17$ or more elements contains at least two distinct numbers the product of which is a perfect square.

With pearls of different colours form necklaces, it is said that a necklace is [i]prime[/i] if it cannot be decomposed into strings of pearls of the same length, and equal to each other. Let $n$ and $q$ be positive integers. Prove that the number of prime necklaces with $n$ beads, each of which has one of the $q^n$ possible colours, is equal to $n$ times the number of prime necklaces with $n^2$ pearls, each of which has one of $q$ possible colours. Note: two necklaces are considered equal if they have the same number of pearls and you can get the same colour on both necklaces, rotating one of them to match it to the other.

A ball with diameter 4 inches starts at point A to roll along the track shown. The track is comprised of 3 semicircular arcs whose radii are $R_1 = 100$ inches, $R_2 = 60$ inches, and $R_3 = 80$ inches, respectively. The ball always remains in contact with the track and does not slip. What is the distance the center of the ball travels over the course from A to B? [asy] size(8cm); draw((0,0)--(480,0),linetype("3 4")); filldraw(circle((8,0),8),black); draw((0,0)..(100,-100)..(200,0)); draw((200,0)..(260,60)..(320,0)); draw((320,0)..(400,-80)..(480,0)); draw((100,0)--(150,-50sqrt(3)),Arrow(size=4)); draw((260,0)--(290,30sqrt(3)),Arrow(size=4)); draw((400,0)--(440,-40sqrt(3)),Arrow(size=4)); label("$R_1$",(100,0)--(150,-50sqrt(3)), W, fontsize(10)); label("$R_2$",(260,0)--(290,30sqrt(3)), W, fontsize(10)); label("$R_3$",(400,0)--(440,-40sqrt(3)), W, fontsize(10)); filldraw(circle((8,0),8),black); label("$A$",(0,0),W,fontsize(10));[/asy] $\textbf{(A)}\ 238\pi \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 240\pi \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 260\pi \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 280\pi \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 500\pi$

An increasing arithmetic progression consists of one hundred positive integers. Is it possible that every two of them are relatively prime?

Let $H(D)$ denote the space of functions holomorphic on the disc $D=\{ z\colon |z|<1 \}$, endowed with the topology of uniform convergence on each compact subset of $D$. If $f(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a_nz^n$, then we shall denote $S_n(f,z)=\sum_{k=0}^n a_kz^k$. A function $f\in H(D)$ is called [i]universal[/i] if, for every continuous function $g\colon\partial D\rightarrow \mathbb{C}$ and for every $\varepsilon >0$, there are partial sums $S_{n(j)}(f,z)$ approximating $g$ uniformly on the arc $\{ e^{it} \colon 0\le t\le 2\pi - \varepsilon\}$. Prove that the set of universal functions contains a dense $G_{\delta}$ subset of $H(D)$.

A $25$ foot ladder is placed against a vertical wall of a building. The foot of the ladder is $7$ feet from the base of the building. If the top of the ladder slips $4$ feet, then the foot of the ladder will slide: $\textbf{(A)}\ 9\text{ ft} \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 15\text{ ft} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 5\text{ ft} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 8\text{ ft} \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 4\text{ ft}$

In triangle $ABC$ with $AB<AC$ and $AB+AC=2BC$, let $M$ be the midpoint of $\overline{BC}$. Choose point $P$ on the extension of $\overline{BA}$ past $A$ and point $Q$ on segment $\overline{AC}$ such that $M$ lies on $\overline{PQ}$. Let $X$ be on the opposite side of $\overline{AB}$ from $C$ such that $\overline{AX} \parallel \overline{BC}$ and $AX=AP=AQ$. Let $\overline{BX}$ intersect the circumcircle of $BMQ$ again at $Y \neq B$, and let $\overline{CX}$ intersect the circumcircle of $CMP$ again at $Z \neq C$. Prove that $A$, $Y$, and $Z$ are collinear. [i]Tiger Zhang[/i]

Prove that if in the tetrahedron $ ABCD $ we have $ AB = CD $, $ AC = BD $, $ AD = BC $, then all faces of the tetrahedron are acute-angled triangles.

Let S be a set of positive integers such that: min { lcm (x, y) : x, y ∈ S, $x \neq y$ } $\ge$ 2 + max S. Prove that $\displaystyle\sum\limits_{x \in S} \frac{1}{x} \le \frac{3}{2} $.

Prove that: i) $$\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}(1+\ln k)\le n^2-n+1$$ ii) $$\sum_{k=1}^{n-1}\sqrt{\ln k}\le\frac{n^2-n+1}2$$ [i]Proposed by Laurențiu Modan[/i]

The diagonals of a quadrangle inscribed in a circle intersect at point $K$. The projections of the point $ K$ onto the subsequent sides of this quadrangle are points $M, N, P, Q$. Prove that these lines $KM$, $KN$, $KP$, $KQ$ are the angle bisectors of the quadrangle $MNPQ$.

Determine all the functions $f:\mathbb R\mapsto\mathbb R$ satisfies the equation $f(a^2 +ab+ f(b^2))=af(b)+b^2+ f(a^2)\,\forall a,b\in\mathbb R $

A smooth function $f:I\to \mathbb{R}$ is said to be [i]totally convex[/i] if $(-1)^k f^{(k)}(t) > 0$ for all $t\in I$ and every integer $k>0$ (here $I$ is an open interval). Prove that every totally convex function $f:(0,+\infty)\to \mathbb{R}$ is real analytic. [b]Note[/b]: A function $f:I\to \mathbb{R}$ is said to be [i]smooth[/i] if for every positive integer $k$ the derivative of order $k$ of $f$ is well defined and continuous over $\mathbb{R}$. A smooth function $f:I\to \mathbb{R}$ is said to be [i]real analytic[/i] if for every $t\in I$ there exists $\epsilon> 0$ such that for all real numbers $h$ with $|h|<\epsilon$ the Taylor series \[\sum_{k\geq 0}\frac{f^{(k)}(t)}{k!}h^k\] converges and is equal to $f(t+h)$.

Let S be a set of $n\geq 3$ points in space. We color some line segments having two points in $S$ as their endpoints red, let $r$ be the number of edges colored red (color $r$ edges red). We know no two colored segmentes have the same length. Proof there is a path of red edges increasing in size of length at least $\Bigg\lceil\frac{2r}{n}\Bigg\rceil$.

Let $p \geq 5$ be a prime number. Prove that there exists an integer $a$ with $1 \leq a \leq p-2$ such that neither $a^{p-1}-1$ nor $(a+1)^{p-1}-1$ is divisible by $p^2$.

Let $O$ and $O'$ designate two dìagonally opposite vertices of a cube. Bisect those edges of the cube that contain neither of the points $O$ and $O'$. Prove that these midpoints of edges lie in a plane and form the vertices of a regular hexagon

Let $ABC$ be a triangle and $\ell_1,\ell_2$ be two parallel lines. Let $\ell_i$ intersects line $BC,CA,AB$ at $X_i,Y_i,Z_i$, respectively. Let $\Delta_i$ be the triangle formed by the line passed through $X_i$ and perpendicular to $BC$, the line passed through $Y_i$ and perpendicular to $CA$, and the line passed through $Z_i$ and perpendicular to $AB$. Prove that the circumcircles of $\Delta_1$ and $\Delta_2$ are tangent.

When $n$ standard 6-sided dice are rolled, the probability of obtaining a sum of 1994 is greater than zero and is the same as the probability of obtaining a sum of $S$. The smallest possible value of $S$ is $ \textbf{(A)}\ 333 \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 335 \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 337 \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 339 \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 341 $

Let $a, b$ and $c$ be positive integers such that $a^2 + b^2 + 1 = c^2$ . Prove that $[a/2] + [c / 2]$ is even. Note: $[x]$ is the integer part of $x$.

Let $BC$ be a fixed segment in the plane, and let $A$ be a variable point in the plane not on the line $BC$. Distinct points $X$ and $Y$ are chosen on the rays $CA^\to$ and $BA^\to$, respectively, such that $\angle CBX = \angle YCB = \angle BAC$. Assume that the tangents to the circumcircle of $ABC$ at $B$ and $C$ meet line $XY$ at $P$ and $Q$, respectively, such that the points $X$, $P$, $Y$ and $Q$ are pairwise distinct and lie on the same side of $BC$. Let $\Omega_1$ be the circle through $X$ and $P$ centred on $BC$. Similarly, let $\Omega_2$ be the circle through $Y$ and $Q$ centred on $BC$. Prove that $\Omega_1$ and $\Omega_2$ intersect at two fixed points as $A$ varies. [i]Daniel Pham Nguyen, Denmark[/i]

Let $a_0,a_1,\ldots$ be a sequence of positive integers with $a_0=1$, $a_1=2$ and \[a_n = a_{n-1}^{a_{n-1}a_{n-2}}-1\] for all $n\geq 2$. Show that if $p$ is a prime less than $2^k$ for some positive integer $k$, then there exists $n\leq k+1$ such that $p\mid a_n$.