$p>30$ is a prime number. Prove that one of the following numbers is in form of $x^2+y^2$. $$ p+1 , 2p+1 , 3p+1 , .... , (p-3)p+1$$

The function $f: \mathbb{Z}_{>0} \times \mathbb{Z}_{>0} \to \mathbb{Z}_{>0}$ is such that $f(a,b) + f(b,c) = f(ac, b^2) + 1$ for any positive integers $a,b,c$. Assume there exists a positive integer $n$ such that $f(n, m) \leq f(n, m + 1)$ for all positive integers $m$. Determine all possible values of $f(2025, 2025)$.

Let $\triangle ABC$ be an acute triangle with incenter $I$ and circumcenter $O$. The incircle touches sides $BC,CA,$ and $AB$ at $D,E,$ and $F$ respectively, and $A'$ is the reflection of $A$ over $O$. The circumcircles of $ABC$ and $A'EF$ meet at $G$, and the circumcircles of $AMG$ and $A'EF$ meet at a point $H\neq G$, where $M$ is the midpoint of $EF$. Prove that if $GH$ and $EF$ meet at $T$, then $DT\perp EF$. [i]Proposed by Ankit Bisain[/i]

Determine all real $a$, such that the solutions to the system of equations $\begin{cases} \frac{3x-5}{3}+\frac{3x+5}{4}\geq \frac{x}{7}-\frac{1}{15}\\ (2x-a)^3+(2x+a)(1-4x^2)+16x^2a-6x^2a+a^3\leq 2a^2+a \end{cases}$ form an interval with length $\frac{32}{225}$.

Let $n \ge 2$ be a natural number. For an $n$-element subset $F$ of $\{1, . . . , 2n\}$ we define $m(F)$ as the minimum of all $lcm \,\, (x, y)$ , where $x$ and $y$ are two distinct elements of $F$. Find the maximum value of $m(F)$.

There is a king in the lower left corner of a chessboard of dimensions $6$ and $6$. In one move, he can move either one cell to the right, or one cell up, or one cell diagonally - to the right and up. How many different paths can the king take to the upper right corner of the board?

In a $50 \times 50$ checkered square, each cell is painted in one of $100$ given colors so that all colors are present and it is impossible to cut a single-color domino from the square (i.e. a $1 \times 2$ rectangle). Galiia wants to recolor all the cells of one of the colors into another color (out of the given $100$ colors) so that this condition is preserved (i.e., it is still impossible to cut out a domino of the same color). Is it true that Galiia will definitely be able to do this?

Find all pairs of natural numbers $(m,n)$ such that the number $5^m+6^n$ has all same digits when written in decimal representation.

A cricket randomly hops between $4$ leaves, on each turn hopping to one of the other $3$ leaves with equal probability. After $4$ hops what is the probability that the cricket has returned to the leaf where it started? $\textbf{(A)}~\displaystyle\frac{2}{9}\qquad\textbf{(B)}~\displaystyle\frac{19}{80}\qquad\textbf{(C)}~\displaystyle\frac{20}{81}\qquad\textbf{(D)}~\displaystyle\frac{1}{4}\qquad\textbf{(E)}~\displaystyle\frac{7}{27}$

The gravitational self potential energy of a solid ball of mass density $\rho$ and radius $R$ is $E$. What is the gravitational self potential energy of a ball of mass density $\rho$ and radius $2R$? (A) $2E$ (B) $4E$ (C) $8E$ (D) $16E$ (E) $32E$

Let $a,b,c$ be coprime nonzero integers. Prove that for any coprime integers $u,v,w$ with $au+bv+cw = 0$ there exist integers $m,n, p$ such that $$\begin{cases} a = nw- pv \\ b = pu-mw \\ c = mv-nu \end{cases}$$

Let $(1+x+x^2)^n=a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2+...+a_{2n}x^{2n}$ be an identity in $x$. If we lt $s=a_0+a_2+a_4+...+a_{2n}$, then $s$ equals: $\text{(A)}\ 2^n\qquad \text{(B)}\ 2^n+1\qquad \text{(C)}\ \dfrac{3^n-1}{2}\qquad \text{(D)}\ \dfrac{3^n}{2}\qquad \text{(E)}\ \dfrac{3^n+1}{2}$

Let $ABCD$ be a quadrilateral with sides $\left|\overline{AB}\right|=2$, $\left|\overline{BC}\right|=\left|\overline{CD}\right|=4$ and $\left|\overline{DA}\right|=5$. The opposite angles, $\angle A$ and $\angle C$ are equal. The length of diagonal $BD$ equals $\textbf{(A)}~2\sqrt6$ $\textbf{(B)}~3\sqrt3$ $\textbf{(C)}~3\sqrt6$ $\textbf{(D)}~2\sqrt3$

When a right triangle is rotated about one leg, the volume of the cone produced is $800 \pi$ $\text{cm}^3$. When the triangle is rotated about the other leg, the volume of the cone produced is $1920 \pi$ $\text{cm}^3$. What is the length (in cm) of the hypotenuse of the triangle?

The squares of an $m\times n$ board are labeled from $1$ to $mn$ so that the squares labeled $i$ and $i+1$ always have a side in common. Show that for some $k$ the squares $k$ and $k+3$ have a side in common.

Prove that if $n$ is large enough, among any $n$ points of plane we can find $1000$ points such that these $1000$ points have pairwise distinct distances. Can you prove the assertion for $n^{\alpha}$ where $\alpha$ is a positive real number instead of $1000$?

Line segment $\overline{AB}$ is a diameter of a circle with $AB=24$. Point $C$, not equal to $A$ or $B$, lies on the circle. As point $C$ moves around the circle, the centroid (center of mass) of $\triangle{ABC}$ traces out a closed curve missing two points. To the nearest positive integer, what is the area of the region bounded by this curve? $\textbf{(A)} \text{ 25} \qquad \textbf{(B)} \text{ 38} \qquad \textbf{(C)} \text{ 50} \qquad \textbf{(D)} \text{ 63} \qquad \textbf{(E)} \text{ 75}$

Let $a>1$ be a positive integer and let $f(n)=n+[a\{n\sqrt{2}\}]$. Show that there exists a positive integer $n$, such that $f(f(n))=f(n)$, but $f(n) \neq n$.

Let $a, b$ be two real numbers that satisfy $a^3 + b^3 = 8-6ab$. Find the maximum value and the minimum value that $a + b$ can take.

Let $n^2-6n+1=0$. Find $n^6+\frac1{n^6}$.

In a non-obtuse triangle $ABC$, prove that \[ \frac{\sin A \sin B}{\sin C} + \frac{\sin B \sin C}{\sin A} + \frac{\sin C \sin A}{ \sin B} \ge \frac 52. \][i]Proposed by Ryan Alweiss[/i]

Show that, for any fixed integer $\,n \geq 1,\,$ the sequence \[ 2, \; 2^2, \; 2^{2^2}, \; 2^{2^{2^2}}, \ldots (\mbox{mod} \; n) \] is eventually constant. [The tower of exponents is defined by $a_1 = 2, \; a_{i+1} = 2^{a_i}$. Also $a_i \; (\mbox{mod} \; n)$ means the remainder which results from dividing $a_i$ by $n$.]

A particle moves along the $x$-axis. It collides elastically head-on with an identical particle initially at rest. Which of the following graphs could illustrate the momentum of each particle as a function of time? [asy] size(400); pen dps = linewidth(0.7) + fontsize(10); defaultpen(dps); draw((0,0)--(0,5)); draw((0,1.5)--(5,1.5)); label("$p$",(0,5),N); label("$t$",(5,1.5),E); label("$\mathbf{(A)}$",(2.5,-0.5)); draw((0,1.5)--(2.5,1.5)--(2.5,0.75)--(4,0.75),black+linewidth(2)); draw((0,3.5)--(2.5,3.5)--(2.5,4.25)--(4,4.25),black+linewidth(2)); draw((8,0)--(8,5)); draw((8,1.5)--(13,1.5)); label("$p$",(8,5),N); label("$t$",(13,1.5),E); label("$\mathbf{(B)}$",(10.5,-0.5)); draw((8,1.5)--(10.5,1.5)--(10.5,2.5)--(12,2.5),black+linewidth(2)); draw((8,3.5)--(10.5,3.5)--(10.5,4.5)--(12,4.5),black+linewidth(2)); draw((16,0)--(16,5)); draw((16,1.5)--(21,1.5)); label("$p$",(16,5),N); label("$t$",(21,1.5),E); label("$\mathbf{(C)}$",(18.5,-0.5)); draw((16,1.5)--(18.5,1.5)--(18.5,2.25)--(20,2.25),black+linewidth(2)); draw((16,3.5)--(18.5,3.5)--(18.5,2.75)--(20,2.75),black+linewidth(2)); draw((24,0)--(24,5)); draw((24,1.5)--(29,1.5)); label("$p$",(24,5),N); label("$t$",(29,1.5),E); label("$\mathbf{(D)}$",(26.5,-0.5)); draw((24,1.5)--(26.5,1.5)--(26.75,3.25)--(28,3.25),black+linewidth(2)); draw((24,3.25)--(26.5,3.25)--(26.75,1.5)--(28,1.5),black+linewidth(2)); draw((32,0)--(32,5)); draw((32,1.5)--(37,1.5)); label("$p$",(32,5),N); label("$t$",(37,1.5),E); label("$\mathbf{(E)}$",(34.5,-0.5)); draw((32,1.5)--(34.5,1.5)--(34.5,0.5)--(36,0.5),black+linewidth(2)); draw((32,3.5)--(34.5,3.5)--(34.5,2.75)--(36,2.75),black+linewidth(2)); [/asy]

How many solutions does the equation $ \frac{[x]}{\{ x\}} =\frac{2007x}{2008} $ have? [i]Mihail Bălună[/i]

Let eight points be given in a unit cube. Prove that two of these points are on a distance not greater than $1$.