Found problems: 85335
2020 BMT Fall, 4
Let $\varphi$ be the positive solution to the equation $$x^2=x+1.$$ For $n\ge 0$, let $a_n$ be the unique integer such that $\varphi^n-a_n\varphi$ is also an integer. Compute $$\sum_{n=0}^{10}a_n.$$
2006 Vietnam Team Selection Test, 1
Prove that for all real numbers $x,y,z \in [1,2]$ the following inequality always holds:
\[ (x+y+z)(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z})\geq 6(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{z+x}+\frac{z}{x+y}). \]
When does the equality occur?
2019-2020 Fall SDPC, 4
Let $\triangle{ABC}$ be an acute, scalene triangle with orthocenter $H$, and let $AH$ meet the circumcircle of $\triangle{ABC}$ at a point $D \neq A$. Points $E$ and $F$ are chosen on $AC$ and $AB$ such that $DE \perp AC$ and $DF \perp AB$. Show that $BE$, $CF$, and the line through $H$ parallel to $EF$ concur.
2022 AMC 8 -, 9
A cup of boiling water ($212^{\circ}\text{F}$) is placed to cool in a room whose temperature remains constant at $68^{\circ}\text{F}$. Suppose the difference between the water temperature and the room temperature is halved every $5$ minutes. What is the water temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit, after $15$ minutes?
$\textbf{(A)} ~77\qquad\textbf{(B)} ~86\qquad\textbf{(C)} ~92\qquad\textbf{(D)} ~98\qquad\textbf{(E)} ~104\qquad$
2007 Pre-Preparation Course Examination, 6
Let $a,b$ be two positive integers and $b^2+a-1|a^2+b-1$. Prove that $b^2+a-1$ has at least two prime divisors.
PEN E Problems, 25
Prove that $\ln n \geq k\ln 2$, where $n$ is a natural number and $k$ is the number of distinct primes that divide $n$.
2016 Saint Petersburg Mathematical Olympiad, 1
In the sequence of integers $(a_n)$, the sum $a_m + a_n$ is divided by $m + n$ with any different $m$ and $n$. Prove that $a_n$ is a multiple of $n$ for any $n$.
KoMaL A Problems 2020/2021, A. 796
Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral. Let lines $AB$ and $CD$ intersect in $P,$ and lines $BC$ and $DA$ intersect in $Q.$ The feet of the perpendiculars from $P$ to $BC$ and $DA$ are $K$ and $L,$ and the feet of the perpendiculars from $Q$ to $AB$ and $CD$ are $M$ and $N.$ The midpoint of diagonal $AC$ is $F.$
Prove that the circumcircles of triangles $FKN$ and $FLM,$ and the line $PQ$ are concurrent.
[i]Based on a problem by Ádám Péter Balogh, Szeged[/i]
2005 India IMO Training Camp, 2
Given real numbers $a,\alpha,\beta, \sigma \ and \ \varrho$ s.t. $\sigma, \varrho > 0$ and $\sigma \varrho = \frac{1}{16}$, prove that there exist integers $x$ and $y$ s.t.
\[ - \sigma \leq (x+\alpha_(ax + y + \beta ) \leq \varrho \]
1990 Spain Mathematical Olympiad, 1
Prove that $\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{xy}$ is equal to$ \sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y+xy+2y\sqrt{x}}$
and compare the numbers $\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{10+2\sqrt{3}}$ and $\sqrt{5+\sqrt{22}}+\sqrt{8-
\sqrt{22}+2\sqrt{15-3\sqrt{22}}}$.
2022 Novosibirsk Oral Olympiad in Geometry, 7
Altitudes $AA_1$ and $CC_1$ of an acute-angled triangle $ABC$ intersect at point $H$. A straight line passing through point $H$ parallel to line $A_1C_1$ intersects the circumscribed circles of triangles $AHC_1$ and $CHA_1$ at points $X$ and $Y$, respectively. Prove that points $X$ and $Y$ are equidistant from the midpoint of segment $BH$.
1990 IMO Longlists, 33
Let S be a 1990-element set and P be a set of 100-ary sequences $(a_1,a_2,...,a_{100})$ ,where $a_i's$ are distinct elements of S.An ordered pair (x,y) of elements of S is said to [i]appear[/i] in $(a_1,a_2,...,a_{100})$ if $x=a_i$ and $y=a_j$ for some i,j with $1\leq i<j\leq 100$.Assume that every ordered pair (x,y) of elements of S appears in at most one member in P.Show that $|P|\leq 800$.
2024 LMT Fall, 10
David starts at the point $A$ and goes up and right along the grid lines to point $B$. At each of the points $C$, $D$, and $E$ there is a bully. Find the number of paths David can take which make him encounter exactly one bully.
[asy]
size(150);
draw((0,0)--(4,0)--(4,3)--(0,3)--cycle);
draw((0,1)--(4,1));
draw((0,2)--(4,2));
draw((1,0)--(1,3));
draw((2,0)--(2,3));
draw((3,0)--(3,3));
dot((0,0)); label("A", (0,0), W);
dot((4,3)); label("B", (4,3), E);
dot((1,1.5)); label("C", (1,1.5), W);
dot((2,0.5)); label("D", (2,0.5), W);
dot((2.5,2)); label("E", (2.5,2), N);
[/asy]
1962 Putnam, B4
The euclidean plane is divided into regions by drawing a finite number of circles. Show that it is possible to color each of these regions either red or blue in such a way that no two adjacent regions have the same color.
2020 CHKMO, 1
Given that ${a_n}$ and ${b_n}$ are two sequences of integers defined by
\begin{align*}
a_1=1, a_2=10, a_{n+1}=2a_n+3a_{n-1} & ~~~\text{for }n=2,3,4,\ldots, \\
b_1=1, b_2=8, b_{n+1}=3b_n+4b_{n-1} & ~~~\text{for }n=2,3,4,\ldots.
\end{align*}
Prove that, besides the number $1$, no two numbers in the sequences are identical.
1965 Miklós Schweitzer, 7
Prove that any uncountable subset of the Euclidean $ n$-space contains an countable subset with the property that the distances between different pairs of points are different (that is, for any points $ P_1 \not\equal{} P_2$ and $ Q_1\not\equal{} Q_2$ of this subset, $ \overline{P_1P_2}\equal{}\overline{Q_1Q_2}$ implies either $ P_1\equal{}Q_1$ and $ P_2\equal{}Q_2$, or $ P_1\equal{}Q_2$ and $ P_2\equal{}Q_1$). Show that a similar statement is not valid if the Euclidean $ n$-space is replaced with a (separable) Hilbert space.
1997 Czech and Slovak Match, 4
Is it possible to place $100$ balls in space so that no two of them have a common interior point and each of them touches at least one third of the others?
2016 Danube Mathematical Olympiad, 2
A bank has a set S of codes formed only with 0 and 1,each one with length n.Two codes are 'friends' if they are different on only one position.We know that each code has exactly k 'friends'.Prove that:
1)S has an even number of elements
2)S contains at least $2^k$ codes
2021 Saudi Arabia IMO TST, 1
For a non-empty set $T$ denote by $p(T)$ the product of all elements of $T$. Does there exist a set $T$ of $2021$ elements such that for any $a\in T$ one has that $P(T)-a$ is an odd integer? Consider two cases:
1) All elements of $T$ are irrational numbers.
2) At least one element of $T$ is a rational number.
2024-IMOC, A5
The non-negative numbers $ x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_5$ satisfy $ \sum_{i \equal{} 1}^5 \frac {1}{1 \plus{} x_i} \equal{} 1$. Prove that $ \sum_{i \equal{} 1}^5 \frac {x_i}{4 \plus{} x_i^2} \leq 1$.
1988 Greece National Olympiad, 1
Let $a>0,b>0,c>0$ and $\sqrt{1987+a}+\sqrt{1987+b}=2\sqrt{1987+c}$. Prove that $\frac{1}{2} (a+b )\ge c $.
2001 Estonia Team Selection Test, 1
Consider on the coordinate plane all rectangles whose
(i) vertices have integer coordinates;
(ii) edges are parallel to coordinate axes;
(iii) area is $2^k$, where $k = 0,1,2....$
Is it possible to color all points with integer coordinates in two colors so that no such rectangle has all its vertices of the same color?
2020 LIMIT Category 2, 11
$\triangle PQR$ is isosceles and right angled at $R$. Point $A$ is inside $\triangle PQR$, such that $PA=11, QA=7$, and $RA=6$. Legs $\overline{PR}$ and $\overline{QR}$ have length $s=\sqrt{a+b\sqrt{2}}$, where $a$ and $b$ are positive integers. What is $a+b$?
2001 VJIMC, Problem 1
Let $A$ be a set of positive integers such that for any $x,y\in A$,
$$x>y\implies x-y\ge\frac{xy}{25}.$$Find the maximal possible number of elements of the set $A$.
2021 JBMO Shortlist, G5
Let $ABC$ be an acute scalene triangle with circumcircle $\omega$. Let $P$ and $Q$ be interior points of the sides $AB$ and $AC$, respectively, such that $PQ$ is parallel to $BC$. Let $L$ be a point on $\omega$ such that $AL$ is parallel to $BC$. The segments $BQ$ and $CP$ intersect at $S$. The line $LS$ intersects $\omega$ at $K$. Prove that $\angle BKP = \angle CKQ$.
Proposed by [i]Ervin Macić, Bosnia and Herzegovina[/i]