Found problems: 85335
2014 Putnam, 6
Let $f:[0,1]\to\mathbb{R}$ be a function for which there exists a constant $K>0$ such that $|f(x)-f(y)|\le K|x-y|$ for all $x,y\in [0,1].$ Suppose also that for each rational number $r\in [0,1],$ there exist integers $a$ and $b$ such that $f(r)=a+br.$ Prove that there exist finitely many intervals $I_1,\dots,I_n$ such that $f$ is a linear function on each $I_i$ and $[0,1]=\bigcup_{i=1}^nI_i.$
1974 IMO Longlists, 47
Given two points $A,B$ outside of a given plane $P,$ find the positions of points $M$ in the plane $P$ for which the ratio $\frac{MA}{MB}$ takes a minimum or maximum.
1999 Greece JBMO TST, 4
Examine whether exists $n \in N^*$, such that:
(a) $3n$ is perfect cube, $4n$ is perfect fourth power and $5n$ perfect fifth power
(b) $3n$ is perfect cube, $4n$ is perfect fourth power, $5n$ perfect fifth power and $6n$ perfect sixth power
1984 IMO Longlists, 10
Assume that the bisecting plane of the dihedral angle at edge $AB$ of the tetrahedron $ABCD$ meets the edge $CD$ at point $E$. Denote by $S_1, S_2, S_3$, respectively the areas of the triangles $ABC, ABE$, and $ABD$. Prove that no tetrahedron exists for which $S_1, S_2, S_3$ (in this order) form an arithmetic or geometric progression.
2019 Kyiv Mathematical Festival, 4
99 dwarfs stand in a circle, some of them wear hats. There are no adjacent dwarfs in hats and no dwarfs in hats with exactly 48 dwarfs standing between them. What is the maximal possible number of dwarfs in hats?
1995 AMC 8, 12
A ''lucky'' year is one in which at least one date, when written in the form month/day/year, has the following property: ''The product of the month times the day equals the last two digits of the year''. For example, 1956 is a lucky year because it has the date 7/8/56 and $7\times 8 = 56$. Which of the following is NOT a lucky year?
$\text{(A)}\ 1990 \qquad \text{(B)}\ 1991 \qquad \text{(C)}\ 1992 \qquad \text{(D)}\ 1993 \qquad \text{(E)}\ 1994$
1974 Miklós Schweitzer, 7
Given a positive integer $ m$ and $ 0 < \delta <\pi$, construct a trigonometric polynomial $ f(x)\equal{}a_0\plus{} \sum_{n\equal{}1}^m (a_n \cos nx\plus{}b_n \sin nx)$ of degree $ m$ such that $ f(0)\equal{}1, \int_{ \delta \leq |x| \leq \pi} |f(x)|dx \leq c/m,$ and $ \max_{\minus{}\pi \leq x \leq \pi}|f'(x)| \leq c/{\delta}$, for some universal constant $ c$.
[i]G. Halasz[/i]
2006 Canada National Olympiad, 4
Consider a round-robin tournament with $2n+1$ teams, where each team plays each other team exactly one. We say that three teams $X,Y$ and $Z$, form a [i]cycle triplet [/i] if $X$ beats $Y$, $Y$ beats $Z$ and $Z$ beats $X$. There are no ties.
a)Determine the minimum number of cycle triplets possible.
b)Determine the maximum number of cycle triplets possible.
2022 Rioplatense Mathematical Olympiad, 1
In how many ways can the numbers from $2$ to $2022$ be arranged so that the first number is a multiple of $1$, the second number is a multiple of $2$, the third number is a multiple of $3$, and so on untile the last number is a multiple of $2021$?
1967 AMC 12/AHSME, 20
A circle is inscribed in a square of side $m$, then a square is inscribed in that circle, then a circle is inscribed in the latter square, and so on. If $S_n$ is the sum of the areas of the first $n$ circles so inscribed, then, as $n$ grows beyond all bounds, $S_n$ approaches:
$\textbf{(A)}\ \frac{\pi m^2}{2}\qquad
\textbf{(B)}\ \frac{3\pi m^2}{8}\qquad
\textbf{(C)}\ \frac{\pi m^2}{3}\qquad
\textbf{(D)}\ \frac{\pi m^2}{4}\qquad
\textbf{(E)}\ \frac{\pi m^2}{8}$
1998 Romania Team Selection Test, 2
Let $ n \ge 3$ be a prime number and $ a_{1} < a_{2} < \cdots < a_{n}$ be integers. Prove that $ a_{1}, \cdots,a_{n}$ is an arithmetic progression if and only if there exists a partition of $ \{0, 1, 2, \cdots \}$ into sets $ A_{1},A_{2},\cdots,A_{n}$ such that
\[ a_{1} \plus{} A_{1} \equal{} a_{2} \plus{} A_{2} \equal{} \cdots \equal{} a_{n} \plus{} A_{n},\]
where $ x \plus{} A$ denotes the set $ \{x \plus{} a \vert a \in A \}$.
2005 Indonesia MO, 5
For an arbitrary real number $ x$, $ \lfloor x\rfloor$ denotes the greatest integer not exceeding $ x$. Prove that there is exactly one integer $ m$ which satisfy $ \displaystyle m\minus{}\left\lfloor \frac{m}{2005}\right\rfloor\equal{}2005$.
1977 Germany Team Selection Test, 4
When $4444^{4444}$ is written in decimal notation, the sum of its digits is $ A.$ Let $B$ be the sum of the digits of $A.$ Find the sum of the digits of $ B.$ ($A$ and $B$ are written in decimal notation.)
2008 Chile National Olympiad, 2
Let $ABC$ be right isosceles triangle with right angle in $A$. Given a point $P$ inside the triangle, denote by $a, b$ and $c$ the lengths of $PA, PB$ and $PC$, respectively. Prove that there is a triangle whose sides have a length of $a\sqrt2 , b$ and $c$.
2015 Peru IMO TST, 12
Find the least positive real number $\alpha$ with the following property: if the weight of a finite number of pumpkins is $1$ ton and the weight of each pumpkin is not greater than $\alpha$ tons then the pumpkins can be distributed in $50$ boxes (some boxes can be empty) so that there is no more than $\alpha$ tons of pumpkins in each box.
2012 Miklós Schweitzer, 4
Let $K$ be a convex shape in the $n$ dimensional space, having unit volume. Let $S \subset K$ be a Lebesgue measurable set with measure at least $1-\varepsilon$, where $0<\varepsilon<1/3$. Prove that dilating $K$ from its centroid by the ratio of $2\varepsilon \ln(1/\varepsilon)$, the shape obtained contains the centroid of $S$.
2005 AIME Problems, 6
Let $P$ be the product of the nonreal roots of $x^4-4x^3+6x^2-4x=2005$. Find $\lfloor P\rfloor$.
2012 USA Team Selection Test, 4
There are 2010 students and 100 classrooms in the Olympiad High School. At the beginning, each of the students is in one of the classrooms. Each minute, as long as not everyone is in the same classroom, somebody walks from one classroom into a different classroom with at least as many students in it (prior to his move). This process will terminate in $M$ minutes. Determine the maximum value of $M$.
2008 Hungary-Israel Binational, 2
For every natural number $ t$, $ f(t)$ is the probability that if a fair coin is tossed $ t$ times, the number of times we get heads is 2008 more than the number of tails. What is the value of $ t$ for which $ f(t)$ attains its maximum? (if there is more than one, describe all of them)
2016 Germany National Olympiad (4th Round), 1
Find all real pairs $(a,b)$ that solve the system of equation \begin{align*} a^2+b^2 &= 25, \\ 3(a+b)-ab &= 15. \end{align*} [i](German MO 2016 - Problem 1)[/i]
2018 MMATHS, 3
Suppose $n$ points are uniformly chosen at random on the circumference of the unit circle and that they are then connected with line segments to form an $n$-gon. What is the probability that the origin is contained in the interior of this $n$-gon? Give your answer in terms of $n$, and consider only $n \ge 3$.
1983 Tournament Of Towns, (041) O4
There are $K$ boys placed around a circle. Each of them has an even number of sweets. At a command each boy gives half of his sweets to the boy on his right. If, after that, any boy has an odd number of sweets, someone outside the circle gives him one more sweet to make the number even. This procedure can be repeated indefinitely. Prove that there will be a time at which all boys will have the same number of sweets.
(A Andjans, Riga)
1978 AMC 12/AHSME, 28
[asy]
import cse5;
size(180);
pathpen=black;
pair A1=(0,0), A2=(1,0), A3=(0.5,sqrt(3)/2);
D(MP("A_1",A1)--MP("A_2",A2)--MP("A_3",A3,N)--cycle);
pair A4=(A1+A2)/2, A5 = (A3+A2)/2, A6 = (A4+A3)/2;
D(MP("A_4",A4,S)--MP("A_6",A6,W)--A3);
D(A6--MP("A_5",A5,NE)--A4);
//Credit to chezbgone2 for the diagram[/asy]
If $\triangle A_1A_2A_3$ is equilateral and $A_{n+3}$ is the midpoint of line segment $A_nA_{n+1}$ for all positive integers $n$, then the measure of $\measuredangle A_{44}A_{45}A_{43}$ equals
$\textbf{(A) }30^\circ\qquad\textbf{(B) }45^\circ\qquad\textbf{(C) }60^\circ\qquad\textbf{(D) }90^\circ\qquad \textbf{(E) }120^\circ$
2021 AMC 10 Spring, 7
In a plane, four circles with radii $1,3,5,$ and $7$ are tangent to line $l$ at the same point $A,$ but they may be on either side of $l$. Region $S$ consists of all the points that lie inside exactly one of the four circles. What is the maximum possible area of region $S$?
$\textbf{(A) }24\pi \qquad \textbf{(B) }32\pi \qquad \textbf{(C) }64\pi \qquad \textbf{(D) }65\pi \qquad \textbf{(E) }84\pi$
1989 IMO Longlists, 38
A sequence of real numbers $ x_0, x_1, x_2, \ldots$ is defined as follows: $ x_0 \equal{} 1989$ and for each $ n \geq 1$
\[ x_n \equal{} \minus{} \frac{1989}{n} \sum^{n\minus{}1}_{k\equal{}0} x_k.\]
Calculate the value of $ \sum^{1989}_{n\equal{}0} 2^n x_n.$