On the extension of the angle bisector $AL$ of the triangle $ABC$, a point $P$ is placed such that $P L = AL$. Prove that the perimeter of triangle $PBC$ does not exceed the perimeter of triangle $ABC$.

Let $ a,\ b$ be real constants. Find the minimum value of the definite integral: $ I(a,\ b)\equal{}\int_0^{\pi} (1\minus{}a\sin x \minus{}b\sin 2x)^2 dx.$

Let $n\geqslant 3$ be an integer and $x_1>x_2>\cdots>x_n$ be real numbers. Suppose that $x_k>0\geqslant x_{k+1}$ for an index $k{}$. Prove that \[\sum_{i=1}^k\left(x_i^{n-2}\prod_{j\neq i}\frac{1}{x_i-x_j}\right)\geqslant 0.\]

The mean of a set of $k$ consecutive integers is $k$. If the smallest integer is $23$, what is the largest integer?

For a set $S$ of nonnegative integers, let $r_S(n)$ denote the number of ordered pairs $(s_1, s_2)$ such that $s_1 \in S$, $s_2 \in S$, $s_1 \neq s_2$, and $s_1 + s_2 = n$. Is it possible to partition the nonnegative integers into two sets $A$ and $B$ in such a way that $r_A(n) = r_B(n)$ for all $n$?

Does there exist $ 2002$ distinct positive integers $ k_1, k_2, \cdots k_{2002}$ such that for any positive integer $ n \geq 2001$, one of $ k_12^n \plus{} 1, k_22^n \plus{} 1, \cdots, k_{2002}2^n \plus{} 1$ is prime?

Let $ABCD$ be a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle $\Omega.$ Let the tangent to $\Omega$ at $D$ meet rays $BA$ and $BC$ at $E$ and $F,$ respectively. A point $T$ is chosen inside $\triangle ABC$ so that $\overline{TE}\parallel\overline{CD}$ and $\overline{TF}\parallel\overline{AD}.$ Let $K\ne D$ be a point on segment $DF$ satisfying $TD=TK.$ Prove that lines $AC,DT,$ and $BK$ are concurrent.

Fix integers $m \geq 3$ and $n \geq 3$. Each cell of an array with $m$ rows and $n$ columns is coloured one of two colours such that: [b](1)[/b] Both colours occur on every column; and [b](2)[/b] On every two rows the cells on the same column share colour on exactly $k$ columns. Show that, if $m$ is odd, then \[\frac{n(m-1)}{2m}\leq k\leq \frac{n(m-2)}{m}\] [i]The Problem Selection Committee[/i]

Is it possible to place $1995$ different natural numbers along a circle so that for any two of these numbers, the ratio of the greatest to the least is a prime? I feel that my solution's wording and notation is awkward (and perhaps unnecessarily complicated), so please feel free to critique it: [hide] Suppose that we do have such a configuration $a_{1},a_{2},...a_{1995}$. WLOG, $a_{2}=p_{1}a_{1}$. Then \[\frac{a_{2}}{a_{3}}= p_{2}, \frac{1}{p_{2}}\] \[\frac{a_{3}}{a_{4}}= p_{3}, \frac{1}{p_{3}}\] \[... \] \[\frac{a_{1995}}{a_{1}}= p_{1995}, \frac{1}{p_{1995}}\] Multiplying these all together, \[\frac{a_{2}}{a_{1}}= \frac{\prod p_{k}}{\prod p_{j}}= p_{1}\] Where $\prod p_{k}$ is some product of the elements in a subset of $\{ p_{2},p_{3}, ...p_{1995}\}$. We clear denominators to get \[p_{1}\prod p_{j}= \prod p_{k}\] Now, by unique prime factorization, the set $\{ p_{j}\}\cup \{ p_{1}\}$ is equal to the set $\{ p_{k}\}$. However, since there are a total of $1995$ primes, this is impossible. We conclude that no such configuration exists. [/hide]

Find the locus of centers of regular triangles such that three given points $A, B, C$ lie respectively on three lines containing sides of the triangle.

Suppose $A_1,A_2,A_3,B_1,B_2,B_3$ are points in the plane such that for each $i,j\in\{1,2,3\}$ it holds that $A_iB_j=i+j$. What can be said about these six points?

For any positive integer $n$ let $n! = 1\times 2\times 3\times ... \times n$. Do there exist infinitely many triples $(p, q, r)$, of positive integers with $p > q > r > 1$ such that the product $p! \cdot q! \cdot r!$$ is a perfect square?

We have a $9$ by $9$ chessboard with $9$ kings (which can move to any of $8$ adjacent squares) in the bottom row. What is the minimum number of moves, if two pieces cannot occupy the same square at the same time, to move all the kings into an $X$ shape (a $5\times5$ region where there are $5$ kings along each diagonal of the $X$, as shown below)? \begin{tabular}{ c c c c c } O & & & & O \\ & O & & O & \\ & & O & & \\ & O & & O & \\ O & & & & O \\ \end{tabular} [i]Proposed by David Tang[/i]

Let $ABCD$ be a given convex quadrilateral in a plane. Prove that there exist a line with four different points $P,Q,R,S$ on it and a square $A’B’C’D’$ such that $P$ lies on both line $AB$ and $A’B’,$ $Q$ lies on both line $BC$ and $B’C’,$ $R$ lies on both line $CD$ and $C’D’,$ $S$ lies on both line $DA$ and $D’A’.$

Let $ ABC $ be a right triangle in $ A, $ and let be a point $ D $ on $ BC. $ The bisectors of $ \angle ADB $ and $ \angle ADC $ intersect $ AB $ and $ AC $ (respectively) in $ M $ and $ N $ (respectively). Show that the small angle between $ BC $ and $ MN $ is equal to $ \frac{1}{2}\cdot\left| \angle ABC -\angle BCA \right| $ if and only if $ D $ is the feet of the perpendicular from $ A. $ [i]Bogdan Enescu[/i]

If $ a$ and $ b$ are natural numbers such that $ a\plus{}13b$ is divisible by $ 11$ and $ a\plus{}11b$ is divisible by $ 13$, then find the least possible value of $ a\plus{}b$.

At a meeting of $ 12k$ people, each person exchanges greetings with exactly $ 3k\plus{}6$ others. For any two people, the number who exchange greetings with both is the same. How many people are at the meeting?

At the meeting, each person is familiar with 22 people. If two persons $A$ and $B$ know each with one another, among the remaining people they do not have a common friend. For each pair individuals $A$ and $B$ are not familiar with each other, there are among the remaining six common acquaintances. How many people were at the meeting?

Let $ABC$ be a triangle, let $D$ be the touch point of the side $BC$ and the incircle of the triangle $ABC$, and let $J_b$ and $J_c$ be the incentres of the triangles $ABD$ and $ACD$, respectively. Prove that the circumcentre of the triangle $AJ_bJ_c$ lies on the bisector of the angle $BAC$.

Over all real numbers $x$, let $k$ be the minimum possible value of the expression $$\sqrt{x^2 + 9} +\sqrt{x^2 - 6x + 45}.$$ Determine $k^2$.

Find the greatest positive integer $x$ such that $23^{6+x}$ divides $2000!$

Find all polynomials $P(x)$ with real coefficients such that for all pairwise distinct positive integers $x, y, z, t$ with $x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 2t^2$ and $\gcd(x, y, z, t ) = 1,$ the following equality holds \[2P^2(t ) + 2P(xy + yz + zx) = P^2(x + y + z) .\] [b]Note.[/b] $P^2(k)=\left( P(k) \right)^2.$

15000 years ago Tilif ministry in Persia decided to define a code for $n\geq2$ cities. Each code is a sequence of $0,1$ such that no code start with another code. We know that from $2^{m}$ calls from foreign countries to Persia $2^{m-a_{i}}$ of them where from the $i$-th city (So $\sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac1{2^{a_{i}}}=1$). Let $l_{i}$ be length of code assigned to $i$-th city. Prove that $\sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{l_{i}}{2^{i}}$ is minimum iff $\forall i,\ l_{i}=a_{i}$

Define a sequence $(a_n)$ by $a_0 =-4 , a_1 =-7$ and $a_{n+2}= 5a_{n+1} -6a_n$ for $n\geq 0.$ Prove that there are infinitely many positive integers $n$ such that $a_n$ is composite.

Given a circle centered at point $O$, with $AB$ as the diameter. Point $C$ lies on the extension of line $AB$ so that $B$ lies between $A$ and $C$, and the line through $C$ intersects the circle at points $D$ and $E$ (where $D$ lies between $C$ and $E$). $OF$ is the diameter of the circumcircle of triangle $OBD$, and the extension of the line $CF$ intersects the circumcircle of triangle $OBD$ at point $G$. Prove that the points $O, A, E, G$ lie on a circle.