Found problems: 85335
2019 Stars of Mathematics, 3
On a board the numbers $(n-1, n, n+1)$ are written where $n$ is positive integer. On a move choose 2 numbers $a$ and $b$, delete them and write $2a-b$ and $2b-a$. After a succession of moves, on the board there are 2 zeros. Find all possible values for $n$.
Proposed by Andrei Eckstein
1966 IMO Shortlist, 22
Let $P$ and $P^{\prime }$ be two parallelograms with equal area, and let their sidelengths be $a,$ $b$ and $a^{\prime },$ $b^{\prime }.$ Assume that $a^{\prime }\leq a\leq b\leq b^{\prime },$ and moreover, it is possible to place the segment $b^{\prime }$ such that it completely lies in the interior of the parallelogram $P.$
Show that the parallelogram $P$ can be partitioned into four polygons such that these four polygons can be composed again to form the parallelogram $%
P^{\prime }.$
2015 Bosnia Herzegovina Team Selection Test, 6
Let $D$, $E$ and $F$ be points in which incircle of triangle $ABC$ touches sides $BC$, $CA$ and $AB$, respectively, and let $I$ be a center of that circle.Furthermore, let $P$ be a foot of perpendicular from point $I$ to line $AD$, and let $M$ be midpoint of $DE$. If $\{N\}=PM\cap{AC}$, prove that $DN \parallel EF$
2009 Harvard-MIT Mathematics Tournament, 10
Let $a$ and $b$ be real numbers satisfying $a>b>0$. Evaluate \[\int_0^{2\pi}\dfrac{1}{a+b\cos(\theta)}d\theta.\] Express your answer in terms of $a$ and $b$.
1965 AMC 12/AHSME, 8
One side of a given triangle is $ 18$ inches. Inside the triangle a line segment is drawn parallel to this side forming a trapezoid whose area is one-third of that of the triangle. The length of this segment, in inches, is:
$ \textbf{(A)}\ 6\sqrt {6} \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 9\sqrt {2} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 12 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 6\sqrt {3} \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 9$
2023-24 IOQM India, 24
A trapezium in the plane is a quadrilateral in which a pair of opposite sides are parallel. A trapezium is said to be non-degenerate if it has positive area. Find the number of mutually non-congruent, non-degenerate trapeziums whose sides are four distinct integers from the set $\{5,6,7,8,9,10\}$
1993 IberoAmerican, 1
Let $ABC$ be an equilateral triangle and $\Gamma$ its incircle. If $D$ and $E$ are points on the segments $AB$ and $AC$ such that $DE$ is tangent to $\Gamma$, show that $\frac{AD}{DB}+\frac{AE}{EC}=1$.
2022 Assam Mathematical Olympiad, 11
Let $a, b, c$ be the sides of a triangle such that $\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ ab+bc+ca}$ is an integer. Find the relation between $a, b, c$.
2017 Junior Balkan Team Selection Tests - Romania, 1
Alina and Bogdan play a game on a $2\times n$ rectangular grid ($n\ge 2$) whose sides of length $2$ are glued together to form a cylinder. Alternating moves, each player cuts out a unit square of the grid. A player loses if his/her move causes the grid to lose circular connection (two unit squares that only touch at a corner are considered to be disconnected). Suppose Alina makes the first move. Which player has a winning strategy?
2007 iTest Tournament of Champions, 4
Black and white coins are placed on some of the squares of a $418\times 418$ grid. All black coins that are in the same row as any white coin(s) are removed. After that, all white coins that are in the same column as any black coin(s) are removed. If $b$ is the number of black coins remaining and $w$ is the number of remaining white coins, find the remainder when the maximum possible value of $bw$ gets divided by $2007$.
2018 Czech-Polish-Slovak Match, Source
[url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c678145][b]Czech-Polish-Slovak Match 2018[/b][/url]
[b]Austria, 24 - 27 June 2018[/b]
[url=http://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6h1667029p10595005][b]Problem 1.[/b][/url] Determine all functions $f : \mathbb R \to \mathbb R$ such that for all real numbers $x$ and $y$,
$$f(x^2 + xy) = f(x)f(y) + yf(x) + xf(x+y).$$
[i]Proposed by Walther Janous, Austria[/i]
[url=http://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6h1667030p10595011][b]Problem 2.[/b][/url] Let $ABC$ be an acute scalene triangle. Let $D$ and $E$ be points on the sides $AB$ and $AC$, respectively, such that $BD=CE$. Denote by $O_1$ and $O_2$ the circumcentres of the triangles $ABE$ and $ACD$, respectively. Prove that the circumcircles of the triangles $ABC, ADE$, and $AO_1O_2$ have a common point different from $A$.
[i]Proposed by Patrik Bak, Slovakia[/i]
[url=http://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6h1667031p10595016][b]Problem 3.[/b][/url] There are $2018$ players sitting around a round table. At the beginning of the game we arbitrarily deal all the cards from a deck of $K$ cards to the players (some players may receive no cards). In each turn we choose a player who draws one card from each of the two neighbors. It is only allowed to choose a player whose each neighbor holds a nonzero number of cards. The game terminates when there is no such player. Determine the largest possible value of $K$ such that, no matter how we deal the cards and how we choose the players, the game always terminates after a finite number of turns.
[i]Proposed by Peter Novotný, Slovakia[/i]
[url=http://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6h1667033p10595021][b]Problem 4.[/b][/url] Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with the perimeter of $2s$. We are given three pairwise disjoint circles with pairwise disjoint interiors with the centers $A, B$, and $C$, respectively. Prove that there exists a circle with the radius of $s$ which contains all the three circles.
[i]Proposed by Josef Tkadlec, Czechia[/i]
[url=http://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6h1667034p10595023][b]Problem 5.[/b][/url] In a $2 \times 3$ rectangle there is a polyline of length $36$, which can have self-intersections. Show that there exists a line parallel to two sides of the rectangle, which intersects the other two sides in their interior points and intersects the polyline in fewer than $10$ points.
[i]Proposed by Josef Tkadlec, Czechia and Vojtech Bálint, Slovakia[/i]
[url=http://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6h1667036p10595032][b]Problem 6.[/b][/url] We say that a positive integer $n$ is [i]fantastic[/i] if there exist positive rational numbers $a$ and $b$ such that
$$ n = a + \frac 1a + b + \frac 1b.$$
[b](a)[/b] Prove that there exist infinitely many prime numbers $p$ such that no multiple of $p$ is fantastic.
[b](b)[/b] Prove that there exist infinitely many prime numbers $p$ such that some multiple of $p$ is fantastic.
[i]Proposed by Walther Janous, Austria[/i]
2010 IMAR Test, 2
Given a triangle $ABC$, let $D$ be the point where the incircle of the triangle $ABC$ touches the side $BC$. A circle through the vertices $B$ and $C$ is tangent to the incircle of triangle $ABC$ at the point $E$. Show that the line $DE$ passes through the excentre of triangle $ABC$ corresponding to vertex $A$.
2023 Iran MO (2nd Round), P3
3. We have a $n \times n$ board. We color the unit square $(i,j)$ black if $i=j$, red if $i<j$ and green if $i>j$. Let $a_{i,j}$ be the color of the unit square $(i,j)$. In each move we switch two rows and write down the $n$-tuple $(a_{1,1},a_{2,2},\cdots,a_{n,n})$. How many $n$-tuples can we obtain by repeating this process? (note that the order of the numbers are important)
2002 India IMO Training Camp, 6
Determine the number of $n$-tuples of integers $(x_1,x_2,\cdots ,x_n)$ such that $|x_i| \le 10$ for each $1\le i \le n$ and $|x_i-x_j| \le 10$ for $1 \le i,j \le n$.
2018 LMT Fall, Team Round
[b]p1.[/b] Evaluate $1+3+5+··· +2019$.
[b]p2.[/b] Evaluate $1^2 -2^2 +3^2 -4^2 +...· +99^2 -100^2$.
[b]p3. [/b]Find the sum of all solutions to $|2018+|x -2018|| = 2018$.
[b]p4.[/b] The angles in a triangle form a geometric series with common ratio $\frac12$ . Find the smallest angle in the triangle.
[b]p5.[/b] Compute the number of ordered pairs $(a,b,c,d)$ of positive integers $1 \le a,b,c,d \le 6$ such that $ab +cd$ is a multiple of seven.
[b]p6.[/b] How many ways are there to arrange three birch trees, four maple, and five oak trees in a row if trees of the same species are considered indistinguishable.
[b]p7.[/b] How many ways are there for Mr. Paul to climb a flight of 9 stairs, taking steps of either two or three at a time?
[b]p8.[/b] Find the largest natural number $x$ for which $x^x$ divides $17!$
[b]p9.[/b] How many positive integers less than or equal to $2018$ have an odd number of factors?
[b]p10.[/b] Square $MAIL$ and equilateral triangle $LIT$ share side $IL$ and point $T$ is on the interior of the square. What is the measure of angle $LMT$?
[b]p11.[/b] The product of all divisors of $2018^3$ can be written in the form $2^a \cdot 2018^b$ for positive integers $a$ and $b$. Find $a +b$.
[b]p12.[/b] Find the sum all four digit palindromes. (A number is said to be palindromic if its digits read the same forwards and backwards.
[b]p13.[/b] How ways are there for an ant to travel from point $(0,0)$ to $(5,5)$ in the coordinate plane if it may only move one unit in the positive x or y directions each step, and may not pass through the point $(1, 1)$ or $(4, 4)$?
[b]p14.[/b] A certain square has area $6$. A triangle is constructed such that each vertex is a point on the perimeter of the square. What is the maximum possible area of the triangle?
[b]p15.[/b] Find the value of ab if positive integers $a,b$ satisfy $9a^2 -12ab +2b^2 +36b = 162$.
[b]p16.[/b] $\vartriangle ABC$ is an equilateral triangle with side length $3$. Point $D$ lies on the segment $BC$ such that $BD = 1$ and $E$ lies on $AC$ such that $AE = AD$. Compute the area of $\vartriangle ADE$.
[b]p17[/b]. Let $A_1, A_2,..., A_{10}$ be $10$ points evenly spaced out on a line, in that order. Points $B_1$ and $B_2$ lie on opposite sides of the perpendicular bisector of $A_1A_{10}$ and are equidistant to $l$. Lines $B_1A_1,...,B_1A_{10}$ and $B_2A_1,...· ,B_2A_{10}$ are drawn. How many triangles of any size are present?
[b]p18.[/b] Let $T_n = 1+2+3··· +n$ be the $n$th triangular number. Determine the value of the infinite sum $\sum_{k\ge 1} \frac{T_k}{2^k}$.
[b]p19.[/b] An infinitely large bag of coins is such that for every $0.5 < p \le 1$, there is exactly one coin in the bag with probability $p$ of landing on heads and probability $1- p$ of landing on tails. There are no other coins besides these in the bag. A coin is pulled out of the bag at random and when flipped lands on heads. Find the probability that the coin lands on heads when flipped again.
[b]p20.[/b] The sequence $\{x_n\}_{n\ge 1}$ satisfies $x1 = 1$ and $(4+ x_1 + x_2 +··· + x_n)(x_1 + x_2 +··· + x_{n+1}) = 1$ for all $n \ge 1$. Compute $\left \lfloor \frac{x_{2018}}{x_{2019}} \right \rfloor$.
PS. You had better use hide for answers.
2014 China National Olympiad, 3
For non-empty number sets $S, T$, define the sets $S+T=\{s+t\mid s\in S, t\in T\}$ and $2S=\{2s\mid s\in S\}$.
Let $n$ be a positive integer, and $A, B$ be two non-empty subsets of $\{1,2\ldots,n\}$. Show that there exists a subset $D$ of $A+B$ such that
1) $D+D\subseteq 2(A+B)$,
2) $|D|\geq\frac{|A|\cdot|B|}{2n}$,
where $|X|$ is the number of elements of the finite set $X$.
2011 Brazil Team Selection Test, 2
Find the least positive integer $n$ for which there exists a set $\{s_1, s_2, \ldots , s_n\}$ consisting of $n$ distinct positive integers such that
\[ \left( 1 - \frac{1}{s_1} \right) \left( 1 - \frac{1}{s_2} \right) \cdots \left( 1 - \frac{1}{s_n} \right) = \frac{51}{2010}.\]
[i]Proposed by Daniel Brown, Canada[/i]
2019 MIG, 3
Given that $2x + 5 - 3x + 7 = 8$, what is the value of $x$?
$\textbf{(A) }{-}4\qquad\textbf{(B) }{-}2\qquad\textbf{(C) }0\qquad\textbf{(D) }2\qquad\textbf{(E) }4$
2023 Israel National Olympiad, P1
2000 people are sitting around a round table. Each one of them is either a truth-sayer (who always tells the truth) or a liar (who always lies). Each person said: "At least two of the three people next to me to the right are liars". How many truth-sayers are there in the circle?
1999 India Regional Mathematical Olympiad, 2
Find the number of positive integers which divide $10^{999}$ but not $10^{998}$.
1989 IMO Longlists, 65
Let $ ABCD$ be a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle of radius $ AB$ such that $ BC \equal{} a, CD \equal{} b,$ $ DA \equal{} \frac{3 \sqrt{3} \minus{} 1}{2} \cdot a$ For each point $ M$ on the semicircle with radius $ AB$ not containing $ C$ and $ D,$ denote by $ h_1, h_2, h_3$ the distances from $ M$ to the straight lines (sides) $ BC, CD,$ and $ DA.$ Find the maximum of $ h_1 \plus{} h_2 \plus{} h_3.$
1994 Greece National Olympiad, 3
If $a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2=1$, prove that $$(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-d)^2+(a-c)^2+(a-d)^2+(b-d)^2\leq 4$$
When does equality holds?
Brazil L2 Finals (OBM) - geometry, 2012.4
The figure below shows a regular $ABCDE$ pentagon inscribed in an equilateral triangle $MNP$ . Determine the measure of the angle $CMD$.
[img]http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LLT7hB7QwiA/Xp9fXOsihLI/AAAAAAAAL14/5lPsjXeKfYwIr5DyRAKRy0TbrX_zx1xHQCK4BGAYYCw/s200/2012%2Bobm%2Bl2.png[/img]
2022 Taiwan TST Round 3, N
Denote the set of all positive integers by $\mathbb{N}$, and the set of all ordered positive integers by $\mathbb{N}^2$. For all non-negative integers $k$, define [i]good functions of order k[/i] recursively for all non-negative integers $k$, among all functions from $\mathbb{N}^2$ to $\mathbb{N}$ as follows:
(i) The functions $f(a,b)=a$ and $f(a,b)=b$ are both good functions of order $0$.
(ii) If $f(a,b)$ and $g(a,b)$ are good functions of orders $p$ and $q$, respectively, then $\gcd(f(a,b),g(a,b))$ is a good function of order $p+q$, while $f(a,b)g(a,b)$ is a good function of order $p+q+1$.
Prove that, if $f(a,b)$ is a good function of order $k\leq \binom{n}{3}$ for some positive integer $n\geq 3$, then there exist a positive integer $t\leq \binom{n}{2}$ and $t$ pairs of non-negative integers $(x_1,y_1),\ldots,(x_n,y_n)$ such that
$$f(a,b)=\gcd(a^{x_1}b^{y_1},\ldots,a^{x_t}b^{y_t})$$
holds for all positive integers $a$ and $b$.
[i]Proposed by usjl[/i]
2001 District Olympiad, 3
Consider a continuous function $f:[0,1]\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ such that for any third degree polynomial function $P:[0,1]\to [0,1]$, we have
\[\int_0^1f(P(x))dx=0\]
Prove that $f(x)=0,\ (\forall)x\in [0,1]$.
[i]Mihai Piticari[/i]