This website contains problems from math contests. Problems and corresponding tags were obtained from the Art of Problem Solving website.

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Found problems: 4776

(a) Let $f(x)=x-xe^{-\frac1x}, \ \ x>0$. Show that $f(x)$ is an increasing function on $(0,\infty)$, and $\lim_{x\to\infty} f(x)=1$. (b) Using part (a) or otherwise, draw graphs of $y=x-1, y=x, y=x+1$, and $y=xe^{-\frac{1}{|x|}}$ for $-\infty<x<\infty$ using the same $X$ and $Y$ axes.
$ x,y,z\in \mathbb R$, find the minimal value of $ f\left(x,y,z\right) = 2x^{2} + 5y^{2} + 10z^{2} - 2xy - 4yz - 6zx + 3$. $\textbf{(A)}\ 0 \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 3 \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ -3 \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 1 \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \text{None}$
Let be three finite and nonempty sets $ A,B,C $ such that $ |A|=|C|\le |B| , $ and a bijection $ A\stackrel{\beta }{\longrightarrow } C. $ How many pairs of functions $ A\stackrel{f_2 }{\longrightarrow } B\stackrel{f_1 }{\longrightarrow } C $ that satisfy $ f_1\circ f_2=\beta $ are there?
Let $\mathbb{R}^{+}$ be the set of positive real numbers. Find all real numbers $a$ for which there exists a function $f :\mathbb{R}^{+} \to \mathbb{R}^{+}$ such that $3(f(x))^{2}=2f(f(x))+ax^{4}$, for all $x \in \mathbb{R}^{+}$.
Find all functions $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ such that $$f\left(x^3+f(y)\right)=x^2f(x)+y,$$for all $x,y\in\mathbb{R}.$ (Here $\mathbb{R}$ denotes the set of all real numbers.)
If $ x < 0$, then which of the following must be positive? $ \textbf{(A)}\ \frac{x}{|x|}\qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \minus{}x^2\qquad \textbf{(C)}\ \minus{}2^x\qquad \textbf{(D)}\ \minus{}x^{\minus{}1}\qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \sqrt[3]{x}$
The integers $ c_{m,n}$ with $ m \geq 0, \geq 0$ are defined by \[ c_{m,0} \equal{} 1 \quad \forall m \geq 0, c_{0,n} \equal{} 1 \quad \forall n \geq 0,\] and \[ c_{m,n} \equal{} c_{m\minus{}1,n} \minus{} n \cdot c_{m\minus{}1,n\minus{}1} \quad \forall m > 0, n > 0.\] Prove that \[ c_{m,n} \equal{} c_{n,m} \quad \forall m > 0, n > 0.\]
Find all functions $f: \mathbb{Z} \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}$ such that $\boxed{1} \ f(1) = 1$ $\boxed{2} \ f(m+n)(f(m)-f(n)) = f(m-n)(f(m)+f(n)) \ \forall \ m,n \in \mathbb{Z}$
A student steps onto a stationary elevator and stands on a bathroom scale. The elevator then travels from the top of the building to the bottom. The student records the reading on the scale as a function of time. How tall is the building? $\textbf{(A) } 50 \text{ m}\\ \textbf{(B) } 80 \text{ m}\\ \textbf{(C) } 100 \text{ m}\\ \textbf{(D) } 150 \text{ m}\\ \textbf{(E) } 400 \text{ m}$
The real-valued function $f$ is defined for all positive integers. For any integers $a>1, b>1$ with $d=\gcd (a, b)$, we have \[f(ab)=f(d)\left(f\left(\frac{a}{d}\right)+f\left(\frac{b}{d}\right)\right) \] Determine all possible values of $f(2001)$.
Find all surjective functions $f\colon (0,+\infty) \to (0,+\infty)$ such that $2x f(f(x)) = f(x)(x+f(f(x)))$ for all $x>0$.
Let $\alpha$ be given positive real number, find all the functions $f: N^{+} \rightarrow R$ such that $f(k + m) = f(k) + f(m)$ holds for any positive integers $k$, $m$ satisfying $\alpha m \leq k \leq (\alpha + 1)m$.
Let $f:(0,+\infty)\to(0,+\infty)$ be a decreasing function which satisfies $\int^\infty_0f(x)\text dx<+\infty$. Prove that $\lim_{x\to+\infty}xf(x)=0$.
Define two functions $g(x),\ f(x)\ (x\geq 0)$ by $g(x)=\int_0^x e^{-t^2}dt,\ f(x)=\int_0^1 \frac{e^{-(1+s^2)x}}{1+s^2}ds.$ Now we know that $f'(x)=-\int_0^1 e^{-(1+s^2)x}ds.$ (1) Find $f(0).$ (2) Show that $f(x)\leq \frac{\pi}{4}e^{-x}\ (x\geq 0).$ (3) Let $h(x)=\{g(\sqrt{x})\}^2$. Show that $f'(x)=-h'(x).$ (4) Find $\lim_{x\rightarrow +\infty} g(x)$ Please solve the problem without using Double Integral or Jacobian for those Japanese High School Students who don't study them.
A function $f$ satisfies the conditions $f (x) \ne 0$ and $f (x+2) = f (x-1) f (x+5)$ for all real x. Show that $f (x+18) = f (x)$ for any real $x$.
Let $f: \mathbb{Z}^2\to \mathbb{R}$ be a function. It is known that for any integer $C$ the four functions of $x$ \[f(x,C), f(C,x), f(x,x+C), f(x, C-x)\] are polynomials of degree at most $100$. Prove that $f$ is equal to a polynomial in two variables and find its maximal possible degree. [i]Remark: The degree of a bivariate polynomial $P(x,y)$ is defined as the maximal value of $i+j$ over all monomials $x^iy^j$ appearing in $P$ with a non-zero coefficient.[/i]
Determine all functions $f:\mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ such that \[ xf(y) + f(xf(y)) - xf(f(y)) - f(xy) = 2x + f(y) - f(x+y)\] holds for all $x,y \in \mathbb{R}$.
Let be a nonnegative integer $ n. $ Find all continuous functions $ f:\mathbb{R}_{\ge 0}\longrightarrow\mathbb{R} $ for which the following equation holds: $$ (1+n)\int_0^x f(t) dt =nxf(x) ,\quad\forall x>0. $$
The value of $ 10^{\log_{10}7}$ is: $ \textbf{(A)}\ 7 \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 1 \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 10 \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ \log_{10} 7 \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \log_7 10$
The differentiable function $F:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ satisfies $F(0)=-1$ and \[\dfrac{d}{dx}F(x)=\sin (\sin (\sin (\sin(x))))\cdot \cos( \sin (\sin (x))) \cdot \cos (\sin(x))\cdot\cos(x).\] Find $F(x)$ as a function of $x$.
Let $ n $ be a natural number, and $ A $ the set of the first $ n $ natural numbers. Find the number of nondecreasing functions $ f:A\longrightarrow A $ that have the property $$ x,y\in A\implies |f(x)-f(y)|\le |x-y|. $$
Find all functions $f$ and $g$ defined from $\mathbb{R}_{>0}$ to $\mathbb{R}_{>0}$ such that for all $x, y > 0$ the two equations hold $$ (f(x) + y - 1)(g(y) + x - 1) = {(x + y)}^2 $$ $$ (-f(x) + y)(g(y) + x) = (x + y + 1)(y - x - 1) $$ [i]Note: $\mathbb{R}_{>0}$ denotes the set of positive real numbers.[/i]
Let $z$ be a complex non-zero number such that $Re(z),Im(z)\in \mathbb{Z}$. Prove that $z$ is uniquely representable as $a_0+a_1(1+i)+a_2(1+i)^2+\dots+a_n(1+i)^n$ where $n\geq 0$ and $a_j \in \{0,1\}$ and $a_n=1$. Time allowed for this problem was 1 hour.
Define a a sequence $ {<{a_n}>}^{\infty}_{n\equal{}1}$ as follows $ a_n\equal{}0$, if number of positive divisors of $ n$ is [i]odd[/i] $ a_n\equal{}1$, if number of positive divisors of $ n$ is [i]even[/i] (The positive divisors of $ n$ include $ 1$ as well as $ n$.)Let $ x\equal{}0.a_1a_2a_3........$ be the real number whose decimal expansion contains $ a_n$ in the $ n$-th place,$ n\geq1$.Determine,with proof,whether $ x$ is rational or irrational.
Let $P$ be a polynomial with real coefficients. Find all functions $f : \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ such that there exists a real number $t$ such that \[f(x+t) - f(x) = P(x)\] for all $x \in \mathbb{R}$.