The incircle of a triangle $ABC$ touches the side $AB$ and $AC$ at respectively at $X$ and $Y$. Let $K$ be the midpoint of the arc $\widehat{AB}$ on the circumcircle of $ABC$. Assume that $XY$ bisects the segment $AK$. What are the possible measures of angle $BAC$?

$\vartriangle A_0B_0C_0$ has side lengths $A_0B_0 = 13$, $B_0C_0 = 14$, and $C_0A_0 = 15$. $\vartriangle A_1B_1C_1$ is inscribed in the incircle of $\vartriangle A_0B_0C_0$ such that it is similar to the first triangle. Beginning with $\vartriangle A_1B_1C_1$, the same steps are repeated to construct $\vartriangle A_2B_2C_2$, and so on infinitely many times. What is the value of $\sum_{i=0}^{\infty} A_iB_i$?

Consider a triangle $ABC$ and two congruent triangles $A_1B_1C_1$ and $A_2B_2C_2$ which are respectively similar to $ABC$ and inscribed in it: $A_i,B_i,C_i$ are located on the sides of $ABC$ in such a way that the points $A_i$ are on the side opposite to $A$, the points $B_i$ are on the side opposite to $B$, and the points $C_i$ are on the side opposite to $C$ (and the angle at A are equal to angles at $A_i$ etc.). The circumcircles of $A_1B_1C_1$ and $A_2B_2C_2$ intersect at points $P$ and $Q$. Prove that the line $PQ$ passes through the orthocenter of $ABC$.

[b]p1.[/b] Sujay sees a shooting star go across the night sky, and took a picture of it. The shooting star consists of a star body, which is bounded by four quarter-circle arcs, and a triangular tail. Suppose $AB = 2$, $AC = 4$. Let the area of the shooting star be $X$. If $6X = a-b\pi$ for positive integers $a, b$, find $a + b$. [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/0/f/f9c9ff23416565760df225c133330e795b9076.png[/img] [b]p2.[/b] Assuming that each distinct arrangement of the letters in $DISCUSSIONS$ is equally likely to occur, what is the probability that a random arrangement of the letters in $DISCUSSIONS$ has all the $S$’s together? [b]p3.[/b] Evaluate $$\frac{(1 + 2022)(1 + 2022^2)(1 + 2022^4) ... (1 + 2022^{2^{2022}})}{1 + 2022 + 2022^2 + ... + 2022^{2^{2023}-1}} .$$ [b]p4.[/b] Dr. Kraines has $27$ unit cubes, each of which has one side painted red while the other five are white. If he assembles his cubes into one $3 \times 3 \times 3$ cube by placing each unit cube in a random orientation, what is the probability that the entire surface of the cube will be white, with no red faces visible? If the answer is $2^a3^b5^c$ for integers $a$, $b$, $c$, find $|a + b + c|$. [b]p5.[/b] Let S be a subset of $\{1, 2, 3, ... , 1000, 1001\}$ such that no two elements of $S$ have a difference of $4$ or $7$. What is the largest number of elements $S$ can have? [b]p6.[/b] George writes the number $1$. At each iteration, he removes the number $x$ written and instead writes either $4x+1$ or $8x+1$. He does this until $x > 1000$, after which the game ends. What is the minimum possible value of the last number George writes? [b]p7.[/b] List all positive integer ordered pairs $(a, b)$ satisfying $a^4 + 4b^4 = 281 \cdot 61$. [b]p8.[/b] Karthik the farmer is trying to protect his crops from a wildfire. Karthik’s land is a $5 \times 6$ rectangle divided into $30$ smaller square plots. The $5$ plots on the left edge contain fire, the $5$ plots on the right edge contain blueberry trees, and the other $5 \times 4$ plots of land contain banana bushes. Fire will repeatedly spread to all squares with bushes or trees that share a side with a square with fire. How many ways can Karthik replace $5$ of his $20$ plots of banana bushes with firebreaks so that fire will not consume any of his prized blueberry trees? [b]p9.[/b] Find $a_0 \in R$ such that the sequence $\{a_n\}^{\infty}_{n=0}$ defined by $a_{n+1} = -3a_n + 2^n$ is strictly increasing. [b]p10.[/b] Jonathan is playing with his life savings. He lines up a penny, nickel, dime, quarter, and half-dollar from left to right. At each step, Jonathan takes the leftmost coin at position $1$ and uniformly chooses a position $2 \le k \le 5$. He then moves the coin to position $k$, shifting all coins at positions $2$ through $k$ leftward. What is the expected number of steps it takes for the half-dollar to leave and subsequently return to position $5$? PS. You had better use hide for answers. Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309]here[/url].

Construct a triangle $ABC$ given the side $AB$ and the distance $OH$ from the circumcenter $O$ to the orthocenter $H$, assuming that $OH$ and $AB$ are parallel.

Let $\omega$ be the circumcircle of acute triangle $ABC$ where $\angle A<\angle B$ and $M,N$ be the midpoints of minor arcs $BC,AC$ of $\omega$ respectively. The line $PC$ is parallel to $MN$, intersecting $\omega$ at $P$ (different from $C$). Let $I$ be the incentre of $ABC$ and let $PI$ intersect $\omega$ again at the point $T$. 1) Prove that $MP\cdot MT=NP\cdot NT$; 2) Let $Q$ be an arbitrary point on minor arc $AB$ and $I,J$ be the incentres of triangles $AQC,BCQ$. Prove that $Q,I,J,T$ are concyclic.

In an $n \times n$ square array of $1\times1$ cells, at least one cell is colored pink. Show that you can always divide the square into rectangles along cell borders such that each rectangle contains exactly one pink cell.

All vertices of a hexagon, whose sides may intersect at points other than the vertices, lie on a circle. (a) Draw a hexagon such that it has the largest possible number of points of self-intersection. (b) Prove that this number is indeed maximum. (NB Vassiliev)

We glue together $990$ one inch cubes into a $9$ by $10$ by $11$ inch rectangular solid. Then we paint the outside of the solid. How many of the original $990$ cubes have just one of their sides painted?

The incircle of a triangle $ABC$ with $AB\ne BC$ touches $BC$ at $A_1$ and $AC$ at $B_1$. The segments $AA_1$ and $BB_1$ meet the incircle at $A_2$ and $B_2$, respectively. Prove that the lines $AB,A_1B_1,A_2B_2$ are concurrent.

In an acute triangle $ABC,$ let $D$ be a point on the side $BC.$ Let $M_1, M_2, M_3, M_4, M_5$ be the midpoints of the line segments $AD, AB, AC, BD, CD,$ respectively and $O_1, O_2, O_3, O_4$ be the circumcenters of triangles $ABD, ACD, M_1M_2M_4, M_1M_3M_5,$ respectively. If $S$ and $T$ are midpoints of the line segments $AO_1$ and $AO_2,$ respectively, prove that $SO_3O_4T$ is an isosceles trapezoid.

The pentagon below has three right angles. Find its area. [asy] size(150); defaultpen(linewidth(1)); draw((4,10)--(0,10)--origin--(10,0)--(10,2)--cycle); label("4",(2,10),N); label("10",(0,5),W); label("10",(5,0),S); label("2",(10,1),E); label("10",(7,6),NE); [/asy]

Let $\vartriangle ABC$ have sidelengths $BC = 7$, $CA = 8$, and, $AB = 9$, and let $\Omega$ denote the circumcircle of $\vartriangle ABC$. Let circles $\omega_A$, $\omega_B$, $\omega_C$ be internally tangent to the minor arcs $BC$, $CA$, $AB$ of $\Omega$, respectively, and tangent to the segments $BC$, $CA$, $AB$ at points $X$, $Y$, and, $Z$, respectively. Suppose that $\frac{BX}{XC} = \frac{CY}{Y A} = \frac{AZ}{ZB} = \frac12$ . Let $t_{AB}$ be the length of the common external tangent of $\omega_A$ and $\omega_B$, let $t_{BC}$ be the length of the common external tangent of $\omega_B$ and $\omega_C$, and let $t_{CA}$ be the length of the common external tangent of $\omega_C$ and $\omega_A$. If $t_{AB} + t_{BC} + t_{CA}$ can be expressed as $\frac{m}{n}$ for relatively prime positive integers $m, n$, find $m + n$.

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $AB < AC$ and incentre $I$. Let $E$ be the point on the side $AC$ such that $AE = AB$. Let $G$ be the point on the line $EI$ such that $\angle IBG = \angle CBA$ and such that $E$ and $G$ lie on opposite sides of $I$. Prove that the line $AI$, the line perpendicular to $AE$ at $E$, and the bisector of the angle $\angle BGI$ are concurrent.

Let $AA_1,BB_1, CC_1$ be the altitudes in an acute-angled triangle $ABC$, $K$ and $M$ are points on the line segments $A_1C_1$ and $B_1C_1$ respectively. Prove that if the angles $MAK$ and $CAA_1$ are equal, then the angle $C_1KM$ is bisected by $AK.$

Two triangles $ABC$ and $A'B'C'$ are on the plane. It is known that each side length of triangle $ABC$ is not less than $a$, and each side length of triangle $A'B'C'$ is not less than $a'$. Prove that we can always choose two points in the two triangles respectively such that the distance between them is not less than $\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2+a'^2}{3}}$.

[b]p1.[/b] Archimedes, Euclid, Fermat, and Gauss had a math competition. Archimedes said, “I did not finish $1$st or $4$th.” Euclid said, “I did not finish $4$th.” Fermat said, “I finished 1st.” Gauss said, “I finished $4$th.” There were no ties in the competition, and exactly three of the mathematicians told the truth. Who finished first and who finished last? Justify your answers. [b]p2.[/b] Find the area of the set in the xy-plane defined by $x^2 - 2|x| + y^2 \le 0$. Justify your answer. [b]p3.[/b] There is a collection of $2004$ circular discs (not necessarily of the same radius) in the plane. The total area covered by the discs is $1$ square meter. Show that there is a subcollection $S$ of discs such that the discs in S are non-overlapping and the total area of the discs in $S$ is at least $1/9$ square meter. [b]p4.[/b] Let $S$ be the set of all $2004$-digit integers (in base $10$) all of whose digits lie in the set $\{1, 2, 3, 4\}$. (For example, $12341234...1234$ is in $S$.) Let $n_0$ be the number of $s \in S$ such that $s$ is a multiple of $3$, let $n_1$ be the number of $s \in S$ such that $s$ is one more than a multiple of $3$, and let $n_2$ be the number of $s \in S$ such that $s$ is two more than a multiple of $3$. Determine which of $n_0$, $n_1$, $n_2$ is largest and which is smallest (and if there are any equalities). Justify your answers. [b]p5.[/b] There are $6$ members on the Math Competition Committee. The problems are kept in a safe. There are $\ell$ locks on the safe and there are $k$ keys, several for each lock. The safe does not open unless all of the locks are unlocked, and each key works on exactly one lock. The keys should be distributed to the $6$ members of the committee so that each group of $4$ members has enough keys to open all of the $\ell$ locks. However, no group of $3$ members should be able to open all of the $\ell$ locks. (a) Show that this is possible with $\ell = 20$ locks and $k = 60$ keys. That is, it is possible to use $20$ locks and to choose and distribute 60 keys in such a way that every group of $4$ can open the safe, but no group of $3$ can open the safe. (b) Show that we always must have $\ell \ge 20$ and $k\ge60$. PS. You should use hide for answers. Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309]here[/url].

In a quadrilateral $ABCD$ diagonal $AC$ is a bisector of $\angle BAD$ and $\angle ADC = \angle ACB$. The points $X$ and $Y$ are the feet of the perpendiculars from $A$ to $BC$ and $CD$ respectively. Prove that the orthocenter of $\triangle AXY$ lies on the line $BD$.

Triangle $ABC$ is given. On its sides $AB$, $BC$ and $CA$, respectively, points $X, Y, Z$ are chosen so that $$AX : XB =BY : YC = CZ : ZA = 2:1.$$ It turned out that the triangle $XYZ$ is equilateral. Prove that the original triangle $ABC$ is also equilateral.

The convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ is inscribed in the circle $S_1$. Let $O$ be the intersection of $AC$ and $BD$. Circle $S_2$ passes through $D$ and $ O$, intersecting $AD$ and $CD$ at $ M$ and $ N$, respectively. Lines $OM$ and $AB$ intersect at $R$, lines $ON$ and $BC$ intersect at $T$, and $R$ and $T$ lie on the same side of line $BD$ as $ A$. Prove that $O$, $R$,$T$, and $B$ are concyclic.

Let $K, K_1$ be two circles with the same center and their radii equal to $R$ and $R_1 (R_1>R)$ respectively. Quadrilateral $ABCD$ is inscribed in circle $K$. Quadrilateral $A_1B_1C_1D_1$ is inscribed in circle $K_1$ where $A_1,B_1,C_1,D_1$ lie on rays $CD,DA,AB,BC$ respectively. Show that $\dfrac{S_{A_1B_1C_1D_1}}{S_{ABCD}}\ge \dfrac{R^2_1}{R^2}$.

$9$ points are given in the interior of the unit square. Prove there exists a triangle of area $\le \frac18$ whose vertices are three of the points.

Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with $\omega,S$, and $R$ being its incircle, circumcircle, and circumradius, respectively. Circle $\omega_{A}$ is tangent internally to $S$ at $A$ and tangent externally to $\omega$. Circle $S_{A}$ is tangent internally to $S$ at $A$ and tangent internally to $\omega$. Let $P_{A}$ and $Q_{A}$ denote the centers of $\omega_{A}$ and $S_{A}$, respectively. Define points $P_{B}, Q_{B}, P_{C}, Q_{C}$ analogously. Prove that \[8P_{A}Q_{A}\cdot P_{B}Q_{B}\cdot P_{C}Q_{C}\leq R^{3}\; , \] with equality if and only if triangle $ABC$ is equilateral.

Inside the convex polygon $A_1A_2...A_n$ , there is a point $M$ such that $\sum_{k=1}^n \overrightarrow {A_kM} = \overrightarrow{0}$. Prove that $nP\ge 4d$, where $P$ is the perimeter of the polygon, and $d=\sum_{k=1}^n |\overrightarrow {A_kM}|$ . Investigate the question of the achievement of equality in this inequality.

There is a point $M$ inside a circle, at a distance $OM = d$ of the center $O$. Two chords $AB$ and $CD$ are traced through $M$ that form a right angle . Join $A$ with $C$ and $B$ with $D$. Determine the cosine of the angle that must form the chord $AB$ with $OM$ so that the sum of the areas of the triangles $AMC$ and $BMD$ be minimal.