Found problems: 1148
2014 NIMO Problems, 6
Let $N=10^6$. For which integer $a$ with $0 \leq a \leq N-1$ is the value of \[\binom{N}{a+1}-\binom{N}{a}\] maximized?
[i]Proposed by Lewis Chen[/i]
2007 Estonia National Olympiad, 1
Find all real numbers a such that all solutions to the quadratic equation $ x^2 \minus{} ax \plus{} a \equal{} 0$ are integers.
1969 IMO Shortlist, 44
$(MON 5)$ Find the radius of the circle circumscribed about the isosceles triangle whose sides are the solutions of the equation $x^2 - ax + b = 0$.
2012 Indonesia TST, 4
Determine all natural numbers $n$ such that for each natural number $a$ relatively prime with $n$ and $a \le 1 + \left\lfloor \sqrt{n} \right\rfloor$ there exists some integer $x$ with $a \equiv x^2 \mod n$.
Remark: "Natural numbers" is the set of positive integers.
2010 Today's Calculation Of Integral, 612
For $f(x)=\frac{1}{x}\ (x>0)$, prove the following inequality.
\[f\left(t+\frac 12 \right)\leq \int_t^{t+1} f(x)\ dx\leq \frac 16\left\{f(t)+4f\left(t+\frac 12\right)+f(t+1)\right\}\]
1988 IMO Longlists, 45
Let $g(n)$ be defined as follows: \[ g(1) = 0, g(2) = 1 \] and \[ g(n+2) = g(n) + g(n+1) + 1, n \geq 1. \] Prove that if $n > 5$ is a prime, then $n$ divides $g(n) \cdot (g(n) + 1).$
2005 Postal Coaching, 5
Characterize all triangles $ABC$ s.t.
\[ AI_a : BI_b : CI_c = BC: CA : AB \] where $I_a$ etc. are the corresponding excentres to the vertices $A, B , C$
2000 Junior Balkan MO, 1
Let $x$ and $y$ be positive reals such that \[ x^3 + y^3 + (x + y)^3 + 30xy = 2000. \] Show that $x + y = 10$.
2009 Iran MO (2nd Round), 1
Let $ p(x) $ be a quadratic polynomial for which :
\[ |p(x)| \leq 1 \qquad \forall x \in \{-1,0,1\} \]
Prove that:
\[ \ |p(x)|\leq\frac{5}{4} \qquad \forall x \in [-1,1]\]
2014 Moldova Team Selection Test, 1
Find all pairs of non-negative integers $(x,y)$ such that
\[\sqrt{x+y}-\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}+2=0.\]
PEN H Problems, 29
Find all pairs of integers $(x, y)$ satisfying the equality \[y(x^{2}+36)+x(y^{2}-36)+y^{2}(y-12)=0.\]
1991 Arnold's Trivium, 95
Decompose the space of homogeneous polynomials of degree $5$ in $(x, y, z)$ into irreducible subspaces invariant with respect to the rotation group $SO(3)$.
PEN A Problems, 23
(Wolstenholme's Theorem) Prove that if \[1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\cdots+\frac{1}{p-1}\] is expressed as a fraction, where $p \ge 5$ is a prime, then $p^{2}$ divides the numerator.
2020 Brazil National Olympiad, 2
The following sentece is written on a board:
[center]The equation $x^2-824x+\blacksquare 143=0$ has two integer solutions.[/center]
Where $\blacksquare$ represents algarisms of a blurred number on the board. What are the possible equations originally on the board?
2000 AIME Problems, 13
The equation $2000x^6+100x^5+10x^3+x-2=0$ has exactly two real roots, one of which is $\frac{m+\sqrt{n}}r,$ where $m, n$ and $r$ are integers, $m$ and $r$ are relatively prime, and $r>0.$ Find $m+n+r.$
2018 Tuymaada Olympiad, 1
Do there exist three different quadratic trinomials $f(x), g(x), h(x)$ such that the roots of the equation $f(x)=g(x)$ are $1$ and $4$, the roots of the equation $g(x)=h(x)$ are $2$ and $5$, and the roots of the equation $h(x)=f(x)$ are $3$ and $6$?
[i]Proposed by A. Golovanov[/i]
2011 Puerto Rico Team Selection Test, 2
Find all prime numbers $p$ and $q$ such that $2^2+p^2+q^2$ is also prime.
Please remember to hide your solution. (by using the hide tags of course.. I don't literally mean that you should hide it :ninja: )
PEN A Problems, 4
If $a, b, c$ are positive integers such that \[0 < a^{2}+b^{2}-abc \le c,\] show that $a^{2}+b^{2}-abc$ is a perfect square.
2014 Harvard-MIT Mathematics Tournament, 12
Find a nonzero monic polynomial $P(x)$ with integer coefficients and minimal degree such that $P(1-\sqrt[3]2+\sqrt[3]4)=0$. (A polynomial is called $\textit{monic}$ if its leading coefficient is $1$.)
1997 Turkey MO (2nd round), 1
Find all pairs of integers $(x, y)$ such that $5x^{2}-6xy+7y^{2}=383$.
1988 India National Olympiad, 5
Show that there do not exist any distinct natural numbers $ a$, $ b$, $ c$, $ d$ such that $ a^3\plus{}b^3\equal{}c^3\plus{}d^3$ and $ a\plus{}b\equal{}c\plus{}d$.
2023 Indonesia MO, 8
Let $a, b, c$ be three distinct positive integers. Define $S(a, b, c)$ as the set of all rational roots of $px^2 + qx + r = 0$ for every permutation $(p, q, r)$ of $(a, b, c)$. For example, $S(1, 2, 3) = \{ -1, -2, -1/2 \}$ because the equation $x^2+3x+2$ has roots $-1$ and $-2$, the equation $2x^2+3x+1=0$ has roots $-1$ and $-1/2$, and for all the other permutations of $(1, 2, 3)$, the quadratic equations formed don't have any rational roots.
Determine the maximum number of elements in $S(a, b, c)$.
2004 Czech-Polish-Slovak Match, 1
Show that real numbers, $p, q, r$ satisfy the condition $p^4(q-r)^2 + 2p^2(q+r) + 1 = p^4$ if and only if the quadratic equations $x^2 + px + q = 0$ and $y^2 - py + r = 0$ have real roots (not necessarily distinct) which can be labeled by $x_1,x_2$ and $y_1,y_2$, respectively, in such a way that $x_1y_1 - x_2y_2 = 1$.
2014 Online Math Open Problems, 28
Let $S$ be the set of all pairs $(a,b)$ of real numbers satisfying $1+a+a^2+a^3 = b^2(1+3a)$ and $1+2a+3a^2 = b^2 - \frac{5}{b}$. Find $A+B+C$, where \[
A = \prod_{(a,b) \in S} a
, \quad
B = \prod_{(a,b) \in S} b
, \quad \text{and} \quad
C = \sum_{(a,b) \in S} ab.
\][i]Proposed by Evan Chen[/i]
2024 Ukraine National Mathematical Olympiad, Problem 4
The board contains $20$ non-constant linear functions, not necessarily distinct. For each pair $(f, g)$ of these functions ($190$ pairs in total), Victor writes on the board a quadratic function $f(x)\cdot g(x) - 2$, and Solomiya writes on the board a quadratic function $f(x)g(x)-1$. Victor calculated that exactly $V$ of his quadratic functions have a root, and Solomiya calculated that exactly $S$ of her quadratic functions have a root. Find the largest possible value of $S-V$.
[i]Remarks.[/i] A linear function $y = kx+b$ is called non-constant if $k\neq 0$.
[i]Proposed by Oleksiy Masalitin[/i]