Upon cutting a certain rectangle in half, you obtain two rectangles that are scaled down versions of the original. What is the ratio of the longer side length to the shorter side length?

[b]i.)[/b] Consider a circle $K$ with diameter $AB;$ with circle $L$ tangent to $AB$ and to $K$ and with a circle $M$ tangent to circle $K,$ circle $L$ and $AB.$ Calculate the ration of the area of circle $K$ to the area of circle $M.$ [b]ii.)[/b] In triangle $ABC, AB = AC$ and $\angle CAB = 80^{\circ}.$ If points $D,E$ and $F$ lie on sides $BC, AC$ and $AB,$ respectively and $CE = CD$ and $BF = BD,$ then find the size of $\angle EDF.$

Four congruent rectangles are placed as shown. The area of the outer square is $ 4$ times that of the inner square. What is the ratio of the length of the longer side of each rectangle to the length of its shorter side? [asy]unitsize(6mm); defaultpen(linewidth(.8pt)); path p=(1,1)--(-2,1)--(-2,2)--(1,2); draw(p); draw(rotate(90)*p); draw(rotate(180)*p); draw(rotate(270)*p);[/asy]$ \textbf{(A)}\ 3 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \sqrt {10} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 2 \plus{} \sqrt2 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 2\sqrt3 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 4$

The incircle of triangle $ABC$ touches the side $AB$ at point $C'$; the incircle of triangle $ACC'$ touches the sides $AB$ and $AC$ at points $C_1, B_1$; the incircle of triangle $BCC'$ touches the sides $AB$ and $BC$ at points $C_2$, $A_2$. Prove that the lines $B_1C_1$, $A_2C_2$, and $CC'$ concur.

Is there a triangle with angles in ratio of $ 1: 2: 4$ and the length of its sides are integers with at least one of them is a prime number? [i]Nanang Susyanto, Jogjakarta[/i]

[asy]pair A=(-2,0), O=origin, C=(2,0); path X=Arc(O,2,0,180), Y=Arc((-1,0),1,180,0), Z=Arc((1,0),1,180,0), N=X..Y..Z..cycle; filldraw(N, black, black); draw(reflect(A,C)*N); draw(A--C, dashed); label("A",A,W); label("C",C,E); label("O",O,SE); dot((-1,0)); dot(O); dot((1,0)); label("1",(-1,0),NE); label("1",(1,0),NW);[/asy] The large circle has diameter $ \overline{AC}$. The two small circles have their centers on $ \overline{AC}$ and just touch at $ O$, the center of the large circle. If each small circle has radius $ 1$, what is the value of the ratio of the area of the shaded region to the area of one of the small circles? \[ \textbf{(A)}\ \text{between }\frac{1}{2} \text{ and }1 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 1 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ \text{between 1 and }\frac{3}{2} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ \text{between }\frac{3}{2} \text{ and }2 \\ \textbf{(E)}\ \text{cannot be determined from the information given} \]

In a triangle $ABC$, the median $AD$ divides $\angle{BAC}$ in the ratio $1:2$. Extend $AD$ to $E$ such that $EB$ is perpendicular $AB$. Given that $BE=3,BA=4$, find the integer nearest to $BC^2$.

In triangle $ABC,$ point $D$ is on $\overline{BC}$ with $CD=2$ and $DB=5,$ point $E$ is on $\overline{AC}$ with $CE=1$ and $EA=3,$ $AB=8,$ and $\overline{AD}$ and $\overline{BE}$ intersect at $P.$ Points $Q$ and $R$ lie on $\overline{AB}$ so that $\overline{PQ}$ is parallel to $\overline{CA}$ and $\overline{PR}$ is parallel to $\overline{CB}.$ It is given that the ratio of the area of triangle $PQR$ to the area of triangle $ABC$ is $m/n,$ where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $m+n.$

Let $\triangle ABC$ be a triangle with circumcircle $\Gamma$, and let $I$ be the center of the incircle of $\triangle ABC$. The lines $AI$, $BI$ and $CI$ intersect $\Gamma$ in $D \ne A$, $E \ne B$ and $F \ne C$. The tangent lines to $\Gamma$ in $F$, $D$ and $E$ intersect the lines $AI$, $BI$ and $CI$ in $R$, $S$ and $T$, respectively. Prove that \[\vert AR\vert \cdot \vert BS\vert \cdot \vert CT\vert = \vert ID\vert \cdot \vert IE\vert \cdot \vert IF\vert.\]

The sum to infinity of the terms of an infinite geometric progression is $ 6$. The sum of the first two terms is $ 4\frac {1}{2}$. The first term of the progression is: $ \textbf{(A)}\ 3 \text{ or } 1\frac {1}{2} \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 1 \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 2\frac {1}{2} \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 6 \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 9 \text{ or } 3$

Let $P$ be an interior point of the triangle $ABC$ which is not on the median belonging to $BC$ and satisfying $\angle CAP = \angle BCP. \: BP \cap CA = \{B'\} \: , \: CP \cap AB = \{C'\}$ and $Q$ is the second point of intersection of $AP$ and the circumcircle of $ABC. \: B'Q$ intersects $CC'$ at $R$ and $B'Q$ intersects the line through $P$ parallel to $AC$ at $S.$ Let $T$ be the point of intersection of lines $B'C'$ and $QB$ and $T$ be on the other side of $AB$ with respect to $C.$ Prove that \[\angle BAT = \angle BB'Q \: \Longleftrightarrow \: |SQ|=|RB'| \]

Triangle $\vartriangle ABC$ is isosceles with $AB = AC$ and $\angle ABC = 2\angle BAC$. Compute $\frac{AB}{BC}$ .

The second and fourth terms of a geometric sequence are $ 2$ and $ 6$. Which of the following is a possible first term? $ \textbf{(A)}\ \minus{}\!\sqrt3 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \minus{}\!\frac{2\sqrt3}{3} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ \minus{}\!\frac{\sqrt3}{3} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ \sqrt3 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 3$

Let $ABC$ be a triangle and let $P$ be a point in the plane of $ABC$ that is inside the region of the angle $BAC$ but outside triangle $ABC$. [b](a)[/b] Prove that any two of the following statements imply the third. [list] [b](i)[/b] the circumcentre of triangle $PBC$ lies on the ray $\stackrel{\to}{PA}$. [b](ii)[/b] the circumcentre of triangle $CPA$ lies on the ray $\stackrel{\to}{PB}$. [b](iii)[/b] the circumcentre of triangle $APB$ lies on the ray $\stackrel{\to}{PC}$.[/list] [b](b)[/b] Prove that if the conditions in (a) hold, then the circumcentres of triangles $BPC,CPA$ and $APB$ lie on the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$.

A group of frogs (called an army) is living in a tree. A frog turns green when in the shade and yellow when in the sun. Initially the ratio of green to yellow frogs was 3:1. Then 3 green frogs moved to the sunny side and 5 yellow frogs moved to the shady side. Now the ratio is 4:1. What is the difference between the number of green frogs and yellow frogs now? $\textbf{(A) } 10\qquad\textbf{(B) } 12\qquad\textbf{(C) } 16\qquad\textbf{(D) } 20\qquad\textbf{(E) } 24$

Let $a$ and $b$ be distinct real numbers. Prove that there exist integers $m$ and $n$ such that $am+bn<0$, $bm+an>0$.

An infinite geometric series has sum $2005$. A new series, obtained by squaring each term of the original series, has $10$ times the sum of the original series. The common ratio of the original series is $\frac{m}{n}$ where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime integers. Find $m+n$.

$A$ is a compact convex set in plane. Prove that there exists a point $O \in A$, such that for every line $XX'$ passing through $O$, where $X$ and $X'$ are boundary points of $A$, then \[ \frac12 \leq \frac {OX}{OX'} \leq 2.\]

The area of the triangle $ABC$ shown in the figure is $1$ unit. Points $D$ and $E$ lie on sides $AC$ and $BC$ respectively, and also are its ''one third'' points closer to $C$. Let $F$ be that $AE$ and $G$ are the midpoints of segment $BD$. What is the area of the marked quadrilateral $ABGF$? [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/4/e/305673f429c86bbc58a8d40272dd6c9a8f0ab2.png[/img]

Circles $ w_{1}$ and $ w_{2}$ with centres $ O_{1}$ and $ O_{2}$ are externally tangent at point $ D$ and internally tangent to a circle $ w$ at points $ E$ and $ F$ respectively. Line $ t$ is the common tangent of $ w_{1}$ and $ w_{2}$ at $ D$. Let $ AB$ be the diameter of $ w$ perpendicular to $ t$, so that $ A, E, O_{1}$ are on the same side of $ t$. Prove that lines $ AO_{1}$, $ BO_{2}$, $ EF$ and $ t$ are concurrent.

Determine the ratio of the sides of the rectangle circumscribed around a corner of five cells (see figure). (M. Evdokimov) [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/f/f/9c3e345f33cabbbd83f65d7240aac29a163b19.png[/img]

Let $L$ be a subset in the coordinate plane defined by $L = \{(41x + 2y, 59x + 15y) | x, y \in \mathbb Z \}$, where $\mathbb Z$ is set of integers. Prove that for any parallelogram with center in the origin of coordinate and area $1990$, there exist at least two points of $L$ located in it.

For each vertex of a solid cube, consider the tetrahedron determined by the vertex and the midpoints of the three edges that meet at that vertex. The portion of the cube that remains when these eight tetrahedra are cut away is called a [i]cuboctahedron[/i]. The ratio of the volume of the cuboctahedron to the volume of the original cube is closest to which of these? $ \textbf{(A)}\ 75\%\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 78\%\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 81\%\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 84\%\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 87\% $

John ordered $4$ pairs of black socks and some additional pairs of blue socks. The price of the black socks per pair was twice that of the blue. When the order was filled, it was found that the number of pairs of the two colors had been interchanged. This increased the bill by $ 50\%$. The ratio of the number of pairs of black socks to the number of pairs of blue socks in the original order was: $\textbf{(A)}\ 4:1 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 2:1 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 1:4 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 1:2 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 1:8$

Suppose $P$ is an interior point of a triangle $ABC$ such that the ratios \[ \frac{d(A,BC)}{d(P,BC)} , \frac{d(B,CA)}{d(P,CA)} , \frac{d(C,AB)}{d(P,AB)} \] are all equal. Find the common value of these ratios. $d(X,YZ)$ represents the perpendicular distance fro $X$ to the line $YZ$.