Olympiad problems

2013 Romanian Masters In Mathematics, 3

Let $ABCD$ be a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle $\omega$. The lines $AB$ and $CD$ meet at $P$, the lines $AD$ and $BC$ meet at $Q$, and the diagonals $AC$ and $BD$ meet at $R$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of the segment $PQ$, and let $K$ be the common point of the segment $MR$ and the circle $\omega$. Prove that the circumcircle of the triangle $KPQ$ and $\omega$ are tangent to one another.

2022 Novosibirsk Oral Olympiad in Geometry, 2

Tags: reflection , rectangle , geometry

A ball was launched on a rectangular billiard table at an angle of $45^o$ to one of the sides. Reflected from all sides (the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection), he returned to his original position . It is known that one of the sides of the table has a length of one meter. Find the length of the second side. [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/3/d/e0310ea910c7e3272396cd034421d1f3e88228.png[/img]

2016 Bangladesh Mathematical Olympiad, 8

Tags: trigonometry , analytic geometry , circumcircle , geometric transformation , reflection , ratio , geometry

Triangle $ABC$ is inscribed in circle $\omega$ with $AB = 5$, $BC = 7$, and $AC = 3$. The bisector of angle $A$ meets side $BC$ at $D$ and circle $\omega$ at a second point $E$. Let $\gamma$ be the circle with diameter $DE$. Circles $\omega$ and $\gamma$ meet at $E$ and a second point $F$. Then $AF^2 = \frac mn$, where m and n are relatively prime positive integers. Find $m + n$.

2011 Iran MO (3rd Round), 4

Tags: circumcircle , incenter , geometric transformation , reflection , radical axis , geometry

A variant triangle has fixed incircle and circumcircle. Prove that the radical center of its three excircles lies on a fixed circle and the circle's center is the midpoint of the line joining circumcenter and incenter. [i]proposed by Masoud Nourbakhsh[/i]

2013 NIMO Problems, 8

Tags: geometry , analytic geometry , ratio , trigonometry , geometric transformation , reflection , projective geometry

The diagonals of convex quadrilateral $BSCT$ meet at the midpoint $M$ of $\overline{ST}$. Lines $BT$ and $SC$ meet at $A$, and $AB = 91$, $BC = 98$, $CA = 105$. Given that $\overline{AM} \perp \overline{BC}$, find the positive difference between the areas of $\triangle SMC$ and $\triangle BMT$. [i]Proposed by Evan Chen[/i]

2014 ELMO Shortlist, 13

Tags: circumcircle , ratio , geometric transformation , reflection , geometry

Let $ABC$ be a nondegenerate acute triangle with circumcircle $\omega$ and let its incircle $\gamma$ touch $AB, AC, BC$ at $X, Y, Z$ respectively. Let $XY$ hit arcs $AB, AC$ of $\omega$ at $M, N$ respectively, and let $P \neq X, Q \neq Y$ be the points on $\gamma$ such that $MP=MX, NQ=NY$. If $I$ is the center of $\gamma$, prove that $P, I, Q$ are collinear if and only if $\angle BAC=90^\circ$. [i]Proposed by David Stoner[/i]

2025 Iran MO (2nd Round), 4

Tags: geometry , circumcircle , reflection , power of a point , radical axis

Given is an acute and scalene triangle $ABC$ with circumcenter $O$. $BO$ and $CO$ intersect the altitude from $A$ to $BC$ at points $P$ and $Q$ respectively. $X$ is the circumcenter of triangle $OPQ$ and $O'$ is the reflection of $O$ over $BC$. $Y$ is the second intersection of circumcircles of triangles $BXP$ and $CXQ$. Show that $X,Y,O'$ are collinear.

2000 AIME Problems, 2

Tags: geometry , geometric transformation , reflection , rectangle , search

Let $u$ and $v$ be integers satisfying $0<v<u.$ Let $A=(u,v),$ let $B$ be the reflection of $A$ across the line $y=x,$ let $C$ be the reflection of $B$ across the y-axis, let $D$ be the reflection of $C$ across the x-axis, and let $E$ be the reflection of $D$ across the y-axis. The area of pentagon $ABCDE$ is 451. Find $u+v.$

2009 Sharygin Geometry Olympiad, 20

Tags: circumcircle , geometric transformation , reflection , trigonometry , geometry

Suppose $ H$ and $ O$ are the orthocenter and the circumcenter of acute triangle $ ABC$; $ AA_1$, $ BB_1$ and $ CC_1$ are the altitudes of the triangle. Point $ C_2$ is the reflection of $ C$ in $ A_1B_1$. Prove that $ H$, $ O$, $ C_1$ and $ C_2$ are concyclic.

Mathley 2014-15, 4

Tags: geometry , geometric transformation , reflection , circumcircle

Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with $E, F$ being the reflections of $B,C$ about the line $AC, AB$ respectively. Point $D$ is the intersection of $BF$ and $CE$. If $K$ is the circumcircle of triangle $DEF$, prove that $AK$ is perpendicular to $BC$. Nguyen Minh Ha, College of Pedagogical University of Hanoi

1966 IMO Shortlist, 49

Tags: geometry , reflection , combinatorial geometry

Two mirror walls are placed to form an angle of measure $\alpha$. There is a candle inside the angle. How many reflections of the candle can an observer see?

2008 Germany Team Selection Test, 3

Tags: circumcircle , reflection , cyclic quadrilateral , mixtilinear incircle , geometry

Denote by $ M$ midpoint of side $ BC$ in an isosceles triangle $ \triangle ABC$ with $ AC = AB$. Take a point $ X$ on a smaller arc $ \overarc{MA}$ of circumcircle of triangle $ \triangle ABM$. Denote by $ T$ point inside of angle $ BMA$ such that $ \angle TMX = 90$ and $ TX = BX$. Prove that $ \angle MTB - \angle CTM$ does not depend on choice of $ X$. [i]Author: Farzan Barekat, Canada[/i]

2012 Romania Team Selection Test, 2

Tags: euler , geometry , circumcircle , parallelogram , geometric transformation , reflection , cyclic quadrilateral

Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral such that the triangles $BCD$ and $CDA$ are not equilateral. Prove that if the Simson line of $A$ with respect to $\triangle BCD$ is perpendicular to the Euler line of $BCD$, then the Simson line of $B$ with respect to $\triangle ACD$ is perpendicular to the Euler line of $\triangle ACD$.

2006 MOP Homework, 5

Tags: incenter , circumcircle , trigonometry , geometric transformation , reflection , geometry

Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with $AC \neq BC$. Points $H$ and $I$ are the orthocenter and incenter of the triangle, respectively. Line $CH$ and $CI$ meet the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$ again at $D$ and $L$ (other than $C$), respectively. Prove that $\angle CIH=90^{\circ}$ if and only if $\angle IDL=90^{\circ}$.

2015 AMC 10, 10

Tags: geometry , geometric transformation , reflection , symmetry

How many rearrangements of $abcd$ are there in which no two adjacent letters are also adjacent letters in the alphabet? For example, no such rearrangements could include either $ab$ or $ba$. $ \textbf{(A) }0\qquad\textbf{(B) }1\qquad\textbf{(C) }2\qquad\textbf{(D) }3\qquad\textbf{(E) }4 $

2016 China Team Selection Test, 1

Tags: geometry , circumcircle , geometric transformation , reflection

$P$ is a point in the interior of acute triangle $ABC$. $D,E,F$ are the reflections of $P$ across $BC,CA,AB$ respectively. Rays $AP,BP,CP$ meet the circumcircle of $\triangle ABC$ at $L,M,N$ respectively. Prove that the circumcircles of $\triangle PDL,\triangle PEM,\triangle PFN$ meet at a point $T$ different from $P$.

2013 ISI Entrance Examination, 5

Tags: ratio , trigonometry , geometry , geometric transformation , reflection

Let $AD$ be a diameter of a circle of radius $r,$ and let $B,C$ be points on the circle such that $AB=BC=\frac r2$ and $A\neq C.$ Find the ratio $\frac{CD}{r}.$

2002 Romania National Olympiad, 2

Tags: ratio , geometry , geometric transformation , reflection , circumcircle , inradius , trigonometry

Let $ABC$ be a right triangle where $\measuredangle A = 90^\circ$ and $M\in (AB)$ such that $\frac{AM}{MB}=3\sqrt{3}-4$. It is known that the symmetric point of $M$with respect to the line $GI$ lies on $AC$. Find the measure of $\measuredangle B$.

2004 Germany Team Selection Test, 2

Tags: parallelogram , circumcircle , geometric transformation , reflection , perpendicular bisector , geometry

Let two chords $AC$ and $BD$ of a circle $k$ meet at the point $K$, and let $O$ be the center of $k$. Let $M$ and $N$ be the circumcenters of triangles $AKB$ and $CKD$. Show that the quadrilateral $OMKN$ is a parallelogram.

1951 Polish MO Finals, 1

Tags: geometry , combinatorial geometry , reflection

A beam of length $ a $ is suspended horizontally with its ends on two parallel ropes equal $ b $. We turn the beam through an angle $ \varphi $ around a vertical axis passing through the center of the beam. By how much will the beam rise?

2007 Iran Team Selection Test, 1

Tags: geometric transformation , reflection , analytic geometry , geometry

In an isosceles right-angled triangle shaped billiards table , a ball starts moving from one of the vertices adjacent to hypotenuse. When it reaches to one side then it will reflect its path. Prove that if we reach to a vertex then it is not the vertex at initial position [i]By Sam Nariman[/i]

2010 Tuymaada Olympiad, 2

Tags: geometry , circumcircle , geometric transformation , reflection , parallelogram , calculus , trigonometry

Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle, $H$ its orthocentre, $D$ a point on the side $[BC]$, and $P$ a point such that $ADPH$ is a parallelogram. Show that $\angle BPC > \angle BAC$.

2015 India Regional MathematicaI Olympiad, 1

Tags: geometry , circumcenter , incenter , reflection

Let $ABC$ be a triangle. Let $B'$ denote the reflection of $b$ in the internal angle bisector $l$ of $\angle A$.Show that the circumcentre of the triangle $CB'I$ lies on the line $l$ where $I$ is the incentre of $ABC$.

2010 India IMO Training Camp, 7

Tags: geometry , circumcircle , geometric transformation , dilation , reflection , parallelogram , angle bisector

Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilaterla and let $E$ be the point of intersection of its diagonals $AC$ and $BD$. Suppose $AD$ and $BC$ meet in $F$. Let the midpoints of $AB$ and $CD$ be $G$ and $H$ respectively. If $\Gamma $ is the circumcircle of triangle $EGH$, prove that $FE$ is tangent to $\Gamma $.

2008 China Team Selection Test, 1

Tags: geometry , circumcircle , incenter , geometric transformation , reflection , ratio , trigonometry

Let $ ABC$ be an acute triangle, let $ M,N$ be the midpoints of minor arcs $ \widehat{CA},\widehat{AB}$ of the circumcircle of triangle $ ABC,$ point $ D$ is the midpoint of segment $ MN,$ point $ G$ lies on minor arc $ \widehat{BC}.$ Denote by $ I,I_{1},I_{2}$ the incenters of triangle $ ABC,ABG,ACG$ respectively.Let $ P$ be the second intersection of the circumcircle of triangle $ GI_{1}I_{2}$ with the circumcircle of triangle $ ABC.$ Prove that three points $ D,I,P$ are collinear.