Found problems: 85335
Consider the integer $$N = 9 + 99 + 999 + 9999 + \cdots + \underbrace{99\ldots 99}_\text{321 digits}.$$ Find the sum of the digits of $N$.
Find the smallest positive real number $r$ with the following property: For every choice of $2023$ unit vectors $v_1,v_2, \dots ,v_{2023} \in \mathbb{R}^2$, a point $p$ can be found in the plane such that for each subset $S$ of $\{1,2, \dots , 2023\}$, the sum
$$\sum_{i \in S} v_i$$
lies inside the disc $\{x \in \mathbb{R}^2 : ||x-p|| \leq r\}$.
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[*] Let $G$ be a $(4, 4)$ unoriented graph, 2-regulate, containing a cycle with the length 3. Find the characteristic polynomial $P_G (\lambda)$ , its spectrum $Spec (G)$ and draw the graph $G$.
[*] Let $G'$ be another 2-regulate graph, having its characteristic polynomial $P_{G'} (\lambda) = \lambda^4 - 4\lambda^2 + \alpha, \alpha \in \mathbb{R}$. Find the spectrum $Spec(G')$ and draw the graph $G'$.
[*] Are the graphs $G$ and $G'$ cospectral or isomorphic?
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Find all the functions $f:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{R}$ that satisfy
\[ f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y) \] for all $x,y\in\mathbb{N}$ satisfying $10^6-\frac{1}{10^6} < \frac{x}{y} < 10^6+\frac{1}{10^6}$.
Note: $\mathbb{N}$ denotes the set of positive integers and $\mathbb{R}$ denotes the set of real numbers.
Given complex numbers $a,b,c$, we have that $|az^2 + bz +c| \leq 1$ holds true for any complex number $z, |z| \leq 1$. Find the maximum value of $|bc|$.
Determine all three-digit numbers $N$ such that the average of the six numbers that can be formed by permutation of its three digits is equal to $N$.
For all real numbers $a,b,c>0$ such that $abc=1$, prove that
$\frac{a}{1+b^3}+\frac{b}{1+c^3}+\frac{c}{1+a^3}\geq \frac{3}{2}$.
Let $ABC$ be a triangle and $AB<AC<BC$. Let $D,E$ be points on the side $BC$ and the line $AB$, respectively ($A$ is between $B,E$) such that $BD=BE=AC$. The circumcircle of $\Delta BED$ meets the side $AC$ at $P$ and $BP$ meets the circumcircle of $\Delta ABC$ at $Q$. Prove that:
\[ AQ+CQ=BP. \]
$A,\ B,\ C,\ D,\ E$ and $F$ lie (in that order) on the circumference of a circle. The chords $AD,\ BE$ and $CF$ are concurrent. $P,\ Q$ and $R$ are the midpoints of $AD,\ BE$ and $CF$ respectively. Two further chords $AG \parallel BE$ and $AH \parallel CF$ are drawn. Show that $PQR$ is similar to $DGH$.
Show that there is no polynomial $P(x)$ of degree $998$ with real coefficients which satisfies $P(x^2 + 1) = P(x)^2 - 1$ for all $x$.
A positive integer $n$ is called nice if it has at least $3$ proper divisors and it is equal to the sum of its three largest proper divisors. For example, $6$ is nice because its largest proper divisors are $3,2,1$ and $6=3+2+1$. Find the number of nice integers not greater than $3000$.
Compute
$$\int_0^\infty\frac{\ln\left(\frac{1+x^{11}}{1+x^3}\right)}{(1+x^2)\ln x}dx.$$
A sequence of polynomial $f_n(x)\ (n=0,1,2,\cdots)$ satisfies $f_0(x)=2,f_1(x)=x$,
\[f_n(x)=xf_{n-1}(x)-f_{n-2}(x),\ (n=2,3,4,\cdots)\]
Let $x_n\ (n\geqq 2)$ be the maximum real root of the equation $f_n(x)=0\ (|x|\leqq 2)$
Evaluate
\[\lim_{n\to\infty} n^2 \int_{x_n}^2 f_n(x)dx\]
[i]The following problem is open in the sense that no solution is currently known to part (b).[/i]
Let $n\geq 2$ be an integer, and $P_n$ be a regular polygon with $n^2-n+1$ vertices.
We say that $n$ is $\emph{taut}$ if it is possible to choose $n$ of the vertices of $P_n$ such that the pairwise distances between the chosen vertices are all distinct.
(a) show that if $n-1$ is prime then $n$ is taut.
(b) Which integers $n\geq 2$ are taut?
Suppose that $p(n)$ is the number of ways to express $n$ as a sum of some naturall numbers (the two representations $4=1+1+2$ and $4=1+2+1$ are considered the same). Prove that for an infinite number of $n$'s $p(n)$ is even and for an infinite number of $n$'s $p(n)$ is odd.
On the base of the $ABC$ of the triangular pyramid $SABC$ mark the point $M$ and through it were drawn lines parallel to the edges $SA, SB$ and $SC$, which intersect the side faces at the points $A1_, B_1$ and $C_1$, respectively. Prove that $\sqrt{MA_1}+ \sqrt{MB_1}+ \sqrt{MC_1}\le \sqrt{SA+SB+SC}$
Let $ n > 1$ be an integer. Find all sequences $ a_1, a_2, \ldots a_{n^2 \plus{} n}$ satisfying the following conditions:
\[ \text{ (a) } a_i \in \left\{0,1\right\} \text{ for all } 1 \leq i \leq n^2 \plus{} n;
\]
\[ \text{ (b) } a_{i \plus{} 1} \plus{} a_{i \plus{} 2} \plus{} \ldots \plus{} a_{i \plus{} n} < a_{i \plus{} n \plus{} 1} \plus{} a_{i \plus{} n \plus{} 2} \plus{} \ldots \plus{} a_{i \plus{} 2n} \text{ for all } 0 \leq i \leq n^2 \minus{} n.
\]
[i]Author: Dusan Dukic, Serbia[/i]
Compute the number of $7$-digit positive integers that start $\textit{or}$ end (or both) with a digit that is a (nonzero) composite number.
Find all prime numbers $ p,q,r$, such that $ \frac{p}{q}\minus{}\frac{4}{r\plus{}1}\equal{}1$
Let $S$ be the set of all numbers of the form $2^m 3^n$, where $m$ and $n$ are integers. Is $S$ dense in the set of positive real numbers?
Sam has 1 Among Us task left. He and his task are located at two randomly chosen distinct vertices of a 2021-dimensional unit hypercube. Let $E$ denote the expected distance he has to walk to get to his task, given that he is only allowed to walk along edges of the hypercube. Compute $\lceil 10E \rceil$.
[i]Proposed by Sammy Charney[/i]
Let $a, b, c$ be three integers such that $a + b + c$ is divisible by $13$. Prove that $$a^{2007}+b^{2007}+c^{2007}+2 \cdot 2007abc$$ is divisible by $13$.
Five identical circles are placed in a line inside a larger one as shown. If the shown chord has length $16,$ find the radius of the large circle.
The number of positive integers $k$ for which the equation $kx - 12 = 3k$ has an integer solution for $x$ is
$ \textbf{(A)}\ 3\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 4\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 5\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 6\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 7 $
The first four terms in an arithmetic sequence are $ x \plus{} y$, $ x \minus{} y$, $ xy$, and $ x/y$, in that order. What is the fifth term?
$ \textbf{(A)}\ \minus{}\frac{15}{8} \qquad
\textbf{(B)}\ \minus{}\frac{6}{5} \qquad
\textbf{(C)}\ 0 \qquad
\textbf{(D)}\ \frac{27}{20} \qquad
\textbf{(E)}\ \frac{123}{40}$