Square trinomial $f(x)$ is such that the polynomial (f(x))^5 - f(x) has exactly three real roots. Find the ordinate of the vertex of the graph of this trinomial.

There is a finite set of points in the plane, where each point is painted in any of $ n $ different colors $ (n \ge 4) $. It is known that there is at least one point of each color and that the distance between any pair of different colored points is less than or equal a 1. Prove that it is possible to choose 3 colors so that, by removing all points of those colors, the remaining set of points can be covered with a radius circle $ \frac {1} {\sqrt {3}} $.

Circle $ A$ has radius $ 100$. Circle $ B$ has an integer radius $ r<100$ and remains internally tangent to circle $ A$ as it rolls once around the circumference of circle $ A$. The two circles have the same points of tangency at the beginning and end of circle $ B$'s trip. How many possible values can $ r$ have? $ \textbf{(A)}\ 4 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 8 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 9 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 50 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 90$

Prove that $ \forall n > 1, n \in \mathbb{N}$ the equation \[ \sum^n_{k\equal{}1} \frac{x^k}{k!} \plus{} 1 \equal{} 0\] has no rational roots.

[b]p1.[/b] What is $2 \cdot 24 + 20 \cdot 24 + 202 \cdot 4 + 2024$? [b]p2.[/b] Jerry has $300$ legos. Tie can either make cars, which require $17$ legos, or bikes, which require $13$ legos. Assuming he uses all of his legos, how many ordered pairs $(a, b)$ are there such that he makes $a$ cars and $b$ bikes? [b]p3.[/b] Patrick has $7$ unique textbooks: $2$ Geometry books, $3$ Precalculus books and $2$ Algebra II books. How many ways can he arrange his books on a bookshelf such that all the books of the same subjects are adjacent to each other? [b]p4.[/b] After a hurricane, a $32$ meter tall flagpole at the Act on-Boxborough Regional High School snapped and fell over. Given that the snapped part remains in contact with the original pole, and the top of the polo falls $24$ meters away from the bottom of the pole, at which height did the polo snap? (Assume the flagpole is perpendicular to the ground.) [b]p5.[/b] Jimmy is selling lemonade. Iio has $200$ cups of lemonade, and he will sell them all by the end of the day. Being the ethically dubious individual he is, Jimmy intends to dilute a few of the cups of lemonade with water to conserve resources. Jimmy sells each cup for $\$4$. It costs him $\$ 1$ to make a diluted cup of lemonade, and it costs him $\$2.75$ to make a cup of normal lemonade. What is the minimum number of diluted cups Jimmy must sell to make a profit of over $\$400$? [b]p6.[/b] Jeffrey has a bag filled with five fair dice: one with $4$ sides, one with $6$ sides, one with $8$ sides, one with $12$ sides, and one with $20$ sides. The dice are numbered from $1$ to the number of sides on the die. Now, Marco will randomly pick a die from .Jeffrey's bag and roll it. The probability that Marco rolls a $7$ can be expressed as $\frac{a}{b}$ where $a$ and $b$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $a+b$. [b]p7.[/b] What is the remainder when the sum of the first $2024$ odd numbers is divided by $6072$? [b]p8.[/b] A rhombus $ABCD$ with $\angle A = 60^o$ and $AB = 600$ cm is drawn on a piece of paper. Three ants start moving from point $A$ to the three other points on the rhombus. One ant walks from $A$ to $B$ at a leisurely speed of $10$ cm/s. The second ant runs from $A$ to $C$ at a slightly quicker pace of $6\sqrt3$ cm/s, arriving to $C$ $x$ seconds after the first ant. The third ant travels from $A$ to $B$ to $D$ at a constant speed, arriving at $D$ $x$ seconds after the second ant. The speed of the last ant can be written as $\frac{m}{n}$ cm/s, where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $mn$. [b]p9.[/b] This year, the Apple family has harvested so many apples that they cannot sell them all! Applejack decides to make $40$ glasses of apple cider to give to her friends. If Twilight and Fluttershy each want $1$ or $2$ glasses; Pinkie Pic wants cither $2$, $14$, or $15$ glasses; Rarity wants an amount of glasses that is a power of three; and Rainbow Dash wants any odd number of glasses, then how many ways can Applejack give her apple cider to her friends? Note: $1$ is considered to be a power of $3$. [b]p10.[/b] Let $g_x$ be a geometric sequence with first term $27$ and successive ratio $2n$ (so $g_{x+1}/g_x = 2n$). Then, define a function $f$ as $f(x) = \log_n(g_x)$, where $n$ is the base of the logarithm. It is known that the sum of the first seven terms of $f(x)$ is $42$. Find $g_2$, the second term of the geometric sequence. Note: The logarithm base $b$ of $x$, denoted $\log_b(x)$ is equal to the value $y$ such that $b^y = x$. In other words, if $\log_b(x) = y$, then $b^y = x$. [b]p11.[/b] Let $\varepsilon$ be an ellipse centered around the origin, such that its minor axis is perpendicular to the $x$-axis. The length of the ellipse's major and minor axes is $8$ and $6$, respectively. Then, let $ABCD$ be a rectangle centered around the origin, such that $AB$ is parallel to the $x$-axis. The lengths of $AB$ and $BC$ are $8$ and $3\sqrt2$, respectively. The area outside the ellipse but inside the rectangle can be expressed as $a\sqrt{b}-c-d\pi$, for positive integers $a$, $b$, $c$, $d$ where $b$ is not divisible by a perfect square of any prime. Find $a + b + c + d$. [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/e/c/9d943966763ee7830d037ef98c21139cf6f529.png[/img] [b]p12.[/b] Let $N = 2^7 \cdot 3^7 \cdot 5^5$. Find the number of ways to express $N$ as the product of squares and cubes, all of which are integers greater than $1$. [b]p13.[/b] Jerry and Eric are playing a $10$-card game where Jerry is deemed the ’’landlord" and Eric is deemed the ' peasant'’. To deal the cards, the landlord keeps one card to himself. Then, the rest of the $9$ cards are dealt out, such that each card has a $1/2$ chance to go to each player. Once all $10$ cards are dealt out, the landlord compares the number of cards he owns with his peasant. The probability that the landlord wins is the fraction of cards he has. (For example, if Jerry has $5$ cards and Eric has $2$ cards, Jerry has a$ 5/7$ ths chance of winning.) The probability that Jerry wins the game can be written as $\frac{p}{q}$ where $p$ and $q$ are relatively prime. Find $p + q$. [b]p14.[/b] Define $P(x) = 20x^4 + 24x^3 + 10x^2 + 21x+ 7$ to have roots $a$, $b$, $c$, and $d$. If $Q(x)$ has roots $\frac{1}{a-2}$,$\frac{1}{b-2}$,$ \frac{1}{c-2}$, $\frac{1}{d-2}$ and integer coefficients with a greatest common divisor of $1$, then find $Q(2)$. [b]p15.[/b] Let $\vartriangle ABC$ be a triangle with side lengths $AB = 14$, $BC = 13$, and $AC = 15$. The incircle of $\vartriangle ABC$ is drawn with center $I$, tangent to $\overline{AB}$ at $X$. The line $\overleftrightarrow{IX}$ intersects the incircle again at $Y$ and intersects $\overline{AC}$ at $Z$. The area of $\vartriangle AYZ$ can be expressed as $\frac{m}{n}$, where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $m + n$. PS. You had better use hide for answers. Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309]here[/url].

In a convex pentagon every diagonal is parallel to one side. Show that the ratios between the lengths of diagonals and the sides parallel to them are equal and find their value.

In a given pentagon $ABCDE$, triangles $ABC$, $BCD$, $CDE$, $DEA$ and $EAB$ all have the same area. The lines $AC$ and $AD$ intersect $BE$ at points $M$ and $N$. Prove that $BM = EN$.

Let $x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n$ be non-negative real numbers such that $$x_1^2+x_2^2 + \dots x_9^2 \ge 25.$$ Prove that one can choose three of these numbers such that their sum is at least $5$. [i]Proposed by Karl Czakler[/i]

Find all polynomials $P$ with real coefficients such that $$\frac{P(x)}{yz}+\frac{P(y)}{zx}+\frac{P(z)}{xy}=P(x-y)+P(y-z)+P(z-x)$$ holds for all nonzero real numbers $x,y,z$ satisfying $2xyz=x+y+z$. [i]Proposed by Titu Andreescu and Gabriel Dospinescu[/i]

Let $m,n$ be positive integers with $m \le n$, and let $F$ be a family of $m$-element subsets of $\{1,2,...,n\}$ satisfying $A \cap B \ne \varnothing$ for all $A,B \in F$. Determine the maximum possible number of elements in $F$.

Find all real $x, y$ such that $$\begin{cases}(1 + x)(1 + x^2)(1 + x^4) = 1+ y^7 \\ (1 + y)(1 + y^2)(1 + y^4) = 1+ x^7 \end{cases}$$

CCA's B building has 6 rooms on the second floor, labeled B201 to B206, as well as 8 rooms on the first floor, labeled B101 to B108. Annie is currently in room B205. Each minute, she chooses to stay or change floors with equal probability, and chooses a classroom on that floor to go to at random (she can stay in the classroom that she's already in). B104, B108, and B203 are the only rooms that have teachers who will scold her for randomly walking around during class time. The probability that she is first scolded in room B203 can be expressed as $\frac{p}{q}$. Compute $p+q$. [i]2022 CCA Math Bonanza Team Round #2[/i]

Price of some item has decreased by $5\%$. Then price increased by $40\%$ and now it is $1352.06\$$ cheaper than doubled original price. How much did the item originally cost?

Determine the maximum possible real value of the number $ k$, such that \[ (a \plus{} b \plus{} c)\left (\frac {1}{a \plus{} b} \plus{} \frac {1}{c \plus{} b} \plus{} \frac {1}{a \plus{} c} \minus{} k \right )\ge k\] for all real numbers $ a,b,c\ge 0$ with $ a \plus{} b \plus{} c \equal{} ab \plus{} bc \plus{} ca$.

How many functions $f : \{1, 2, . . . , 16\} \to \{1, 2, . . . , 16\}$ have the property that $f(f(x))-4x$ is divisible by $17$ for all integers $1 \le x \le 16$?

Let $A$ be a subset of $\{1,2,\ldots,2020\}$ such that the difference of any two distinct elements in $A$ is not prime. Determine the maximum number of elements in set $A$.