Olympiad problems

1998 IberoAmerican Olympiad For University Students, 4

Four circles of radius $1$ with centers $A,B,C,D$ are in the plane in such a way that each circle is tangent to two others. A fifth circle passes through the center of two of the circles and is tangent to the other two. Find the possible values of the area of the quadrilateral $ABCD$.

2011 Tournament of Towns, 3

Tags: geometry , similar triangles , equilateral , congruent triangles , combinatorial geometry

(a) Does there exist an innite triangular beam such that two of its cross-sections are similar but not congruent triangles? (b) Does there exist an innite triangular beam such that two of its cross-sections are equilateral triangles of sides $1$ and $2$ respectively?

2002 Belarusian National Olympiad, 6

Tags: search , function , incenter , perpendicular bisector , geometry

The altitude $CH$ of a right triangle $ABC$, with $\angle{C}=90$, cut the angles bisectors $AM$ and $BN$ at $P$ and $Q$, and let $R$ and $S$ be the midpoints of $PM$ and $QN$. Prove that $RS$ is parallel to the hypotenuse of $ABC$

1998 Hungary-Israel Binational, 3

Tags: number theory , integration , calculus

Let $ a, b, c, m, n$ be positive integers. Consider the trinomial $ f (x) = ax^{2}+bx+c$. Show that there exist $ n$ consecutive natural numbers $ a_{1}, a_{2}, . . . , a_{n}$ such that each of the numbers $ f (a_{1}), f (a_{2}), . . . , f (a_{n})$ has at least $ m$ different prime factors.

2010 Indonesia TST, 2

Tags: combinatorics

A government’s land with dimensions $n \times n$ are going to be sold in phases. The land is divided into $n^2$ squares with dimension $1 \times 1$. In the first phase, $n$ farmers bought a square, and for each rows and columns there is only one square that is bought by a farmer. After one season, each farmer could buy one more square, with the conditions that the newly-bought square has a common side with the farmer’s land and it hasn’t been bought by other farmers. Determine all values of n such that the government’s land could not be entirely sold within $n$ seasons.

2012 Balkan MO Shortlist, A2

Tags: algebra , inequality

Let $a,b,c\ge 0$ and $a+b+c=\sqrt2$. Show that \[\frac1{\sqrt{1+a^2}}+\frac1{\sqrt{1+b^2}}+\frac1{\sqrt{1+c^2}} \ge 2+\frac1{\sqrt3}\] [hide] In general if $a_1, a_2, \cdots , a_n \ge 0$ and $\sum_{i=1}^n a_i=\sqrt2$ we have \[\sum_{i=1}^n \frac1{\sqrt{1+a_i^2}} \ge (n-1)+\frac1{\sqrt3}\] [/hide]

2013 Federal Competition For Advanced Students, Part 2, 2

Tags: function , algebra

Let $k$ be an integer. Determine all functions $f\colon \mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ with $f(0)=0$ and \[f(x^ky^k)=xyf(x)f(y)\qquad \mbox{for } x,y\neq 0.\]

2015 Mathematical Talent Reward Programme, SAQ: P 4

Tags: algebra , number of solutions

Find all real numbers $x_{1}, x_{2}, \cdots, x_{n}$ satisfying,$$\sqrt{x_{1}-1^{2}}+2 \sqrt{x_{2}-2^{2}}+\cdots+n \sqrt{x_{n}-n^{2}}=\frac{1}{2}\left(x_{1}+x_{2}+\cdots+x_{n}\right)$$

ICMC 5, 5

Tags: linear algebra , 3d , dot product , vector

A [i]tanned vector[/i] is a nonzero vector in $\mathbb R^3$ with integer entries. Prove that any tanned vector of length at most $2021$ is perpendicular to a tanned vector of length at most $100$. [i]Proposed by Ethan Tan[/i]

2023 Stars of Mathematics, 3

Tags: geometry

The triangle $ABC$ is isosceles with apex at $A{}$ and $M,N,P$ are the midpoints of the sides $BC,CA,AB$ respectively. Let $Q{}$ and $R{}$ be points on the segments $BM$ and $CM$ such that $\angle BAQ =\angle MAR.$ The segment $NP{}$ intersects $AQ,AR$ at $U,V$ respectively. The point $S{}$ is considered on the ray $AQ$ such that $SV$ is the angle bisector of $\angle ASM.$ Similarly, the point $T{}$ lies on the ray $AR$ uch that $TU$ is the angle bisector of $\angle ATM.$ Prove that one of the intersection points of the circles $(NUS)$ and $(PVT)$ lies on the line $AM.$ [i]Proposed by Flavian Georgescu[/i]

2012 Oral Moscow Geometry Olympiad, 5

Tags: geometry , circumcircle , orthocenter , fixed , fixed point

Given a circle and a chord $AB$, different from the diameter. Point $C$ moves along the large arc $AB$. The circle passing through passing through points $A, C$ and point $H$ of intersection of altitudes of of the triangle $ABC$, re-intersects the line $BC$ at point $P$. Prove that line $PH$ passes through a fixed point independent of the position of point $C$.

2007 Korea - Final Round, 1

Tags: circumcircle , rectangle , parallelogram , geometry

Let $ O$ be the circumcenter of an acute triangle $ ABC$ and let $ k$ be the circle with center $ P$ that is tangent to $ O$ at $ A$ and tangent to side $ BC$ at $ D$. Circle $ k$ meets $ AB$ and $ AC$ again at $ E$ and $ F$ respectively. The lines $ OP$ and $ EP$ meet $ k$ again at $ I$ and $ G$. Lines $ BO$ and $ IG$ intersect at $ H$. Prove that $ \frac{{DF}^2}{AF}\equal{}GH$.

2005 MOP Homework, 6

Tags: incenter , geometry

Consider the three disjoint arcs of a circle determined by three points of the circle. We construct a circle around each of the midpoint of every arc which goes the end points of the arc. Prove that the three circles pass through a common point.

2020 LMT Fall, A19

Tags:

Euhan and Minjune are playing a game. They choose a number $N$ so that they can only say integers up to $N$. Euhan starts by saying the $1$, and each player takes turns saying either $n+1$ or $4n$ (if possible), where $n$ is the last number said. The player who says $N$ wins. What is the smallest number larger than $2019$ for which Minjune has a winning strategy? [i]Proposed by Janabel Xia[/i]

2021 CMIMC, 1.5

Tags: geometry

Let $\gamma_1, \gamma_2, \gamma_3$ be three circles with radii $3, 4, 9,$ respectively, such that $\gamma_1$ and $\gamma_2$ are externally tangent at $C,$ and $\gamma_3$ is internally tangent to $\gamma_1$ and $\gamma_2$ at $A$ and $B,$ respectively. Suppose the tangents to $\gamma_3$ at $A$ and $B$ intersect at $X.$ The line through $X$ and $C$ intersect $\gamma_3$ at two points, $P$ and $Q.$ Compute the length of $PQ.$ [i]Proposed by Kyle Lee[/i]

2018 Online Math Open Problems, 22

Tags:

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $AB=2$ and $AC=3$. Let $H$ be the orthocenter, and let $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$. Let the line through $H$ perpendicular to line $AM$ intersect line $AB$ at $X$ and line $AC$ at $Y$. Suppose that lines $BY$ and $CX$ are parallel. Then $[ABC]^2=\frac{a+b\sqrt{c}}{d}$ for positive integers $a,b,c$ and $d$, where $\gcd(a,b,d)=1$ and $c$ is not divisible by the square of any prime. Compute $1000a+100b+10c+d$. [i]Proposed by Luke Robitaille

2016 Harvard-MIT Mathematics Tournament, 3

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Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with incenter $I$ and circumcenter $O$. Assume that $\angle OIA = 90^{\circ}$. Given that $AI = 97$ and $BC = 144$, compute the area of $\triangle ABC$.

1950 AMC 12/AHSME, 40

Tags:

The limit of $ \frac {x^2\minus{}1}{x\minus{}1}$ as $x$ approaches $1$ as a limit is: $\textbf{(A)}\ 0 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \text{Indeterminate} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ x-1 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 2 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 1$

2016 Polish MO Finals, 2

Tags: geometry , circumscribed quadrilateral

Let $ABCD$ be a quadrilateral circumscribed on the circle $\omega$ with center $I$. Assume $\angle BAD+ \angle ADC <\pi$. Let $M, \ N$ be points of tangency of $\omega $ with $AB, \ CD$ respectively. Consider a point $K \in MN$ such that $AK=AM$. Prove that $ID$ bisects the segment $KN$.

2021 Girls in Math at Yale, 6

Tags: college

Kara rolls a six-sided die six times, and notices that the results satisfy the following conditions: [list] [*] She rolled a $6$ exactly three times; [*] The product of her first three rolls is the same as the product of her last three rolls. [/list] How many distinct sequences of six rolls could Kara have rolled? [i]Proposed by Andrew Wu[/i]

2024 IMAR Test, P4

Tags: analytic geometry , geometry , combinatorics , lattice

A [i]diameter[/i] of a finite planar set is any line segment of maximal Euclidean length having both end points in that set. A [i]lattice point[/i] in the Cartesian plane is one whose coordinates are both integral. Given an integer $n\geq 2$, prove that a set of $n$ lattice points in the plane has at most $n-1$ diameters.

1985 IMO Longlists, 44

Tags: trigonometry , geometry , analytic geometry , coordinate geometry

For which integers $n \geq 3$ does there exist a regular $n$-gon in the plane such that all its vertices have integer coordinates in a rectangular coordinate system?

1974 Spain Mathematical Olympiad, 7

Tags: geometry , 3d geometry , prism

A tank has the shape of a regular hexagonal prism, whose bases are $1$ m on a side and its height is $10$ m. The lateral edges are placed in an oblique position and is partially filled with $9$ m$^3$ of water. The plane of the free surface of the water cuts to all lateral edges. One of them is left with a part of $2$ m under water. What part is under water on the opposite side edge of the prism?

2022 Assara - South Russian Girl's MO, 3

Tags: geometry , concurrency

In a convex quadrilateral $ABCD$, angles $B$ and $D$ are right angles. On on sides $AB$, $BC$, $CD$, $DA$ points $K$, $L$, $M$, $N$ are taken respectively so that $KN \perp AC$ and $LM \perp AC$. Prove that $KM$, $LN$ and $AC$ intersect at one point.

1992 All Soviet Union Mathematical Olympiad, 558

Tags: inequalities , algebra

Show that $x^4 + y^4 + z^2\ge xyz \sqrt8$ for all positive reals $x, y, z$.