Olympiad problems

2002 AMC 10, 1

The ratio $ \dfrac{10^{2000}\plus{}10^{2002}}{10^{2001}\plus{}10^{2001}}$ is closest to which of the following numbers? $ \text{(A)}\ 0.1\qquad \text{(B)}\ 0.2\qquad \text{(C)}\ 1\qquad \text{(D)}\ 5\qquad \text{(E)}\ 10$

2008 Princeton University Math Competition, B2

Tags: algebra

What is $3(2 \log_4 (2(2 \log_3 9)))$ ?

2015 Taiwan TST Round 3, 2

Tags: geometry , angle bisector

Let $\Omega$ and $O$ be the circumcircle and the circumcentre of an acute-angled triangle $ABC$ with $AB > BC$. The angle bisector of $\angle ABC$ intersects $\Omega$ at $M \ne B$. Let $\Gamma$ be the circle with diameter $BM$. The angle bisectors of $\angle AOB$ and $\angle BOC$ intersect $\Gamma$ at points $P$ and $Q,$ respectively. The point $R$ is chosen on the line $P Q$ so that $BR = MR$. Prove that $BR\parallel AC$. (Here we always assume that an angle bisector is a ray.) [i]Proposed by Sergey Berlov, Russia[/i]

1988 Tournament Of Towns, (169) 2

Tags: circumcenter , symmetry , geometry

We are given triangle $ABC$. Two lines, symmetric with $AC$, relative to lines $AB$ and $BC$ are drawn, and meet at $K$ . Prove that the line $BK$ passes through the centre of the circumscribed circle of triangle $ABC$. (V.Y. Protasov)

2022 Middle European Mathematical Olympiad, 6

Tags: geometry

Let $ABCD$ be a convex quadrilateral such that $AC = BD$ and the sides $AB$ and $CD$ are not parallel. Let $P$ be the intersection point of the diagonals $AC$ and $BD$. Points $E$ and $F$ lie, respectively, on segments $BP$ and $AP$ such that $PC=PE$ and $PD=PF$. Prove that the circumcircle of the triangle determined by the lines $AB, CD, EF$ is tangent to the circumcircle of the triangle $ABP$.

2010 Contests, 3

Tags: parallelogram , trigonometry , angle bisector , geometry

In plane,let a circle $(O)$ and two fixed points $B,C$ lies in $(O)$ such that $BC$ not is the diameter.Consider a point $A$ varies in $(O)$ such that $A\neq B,C$ and $AB\neq AC$.Call $D$ and $E$ respective is intersect of $BC$ and internal and external bisector of $\widehat{BAC}$,$I$ is midpoint of $DE$.The line that pass through orthocenter of $\triangle ABC$ and perpendicular with $AI$ intersects $AD,AE$ respective at $M,N$. 1/Prove that $MN$ pass through a fixed point 2/Determint the place of $A$ such that $S_{AMN}$ has maxium value

1995 Swedish Mathematical Competition, 5

Tags: cyclic , cyclic quadrilateral , angle , geometry

On a circle with center $O$ and radius $r$ are given points $A,B,C,D$ in this order such that $AB, BC$ and $CD$ have the same length $s$ and the length of $AD$ is $s+ r$.Assume that $s < r$. Determine the angles of quadrilateral $ABCD$.

2022 Romania EGMO TST, P1

Tags: algebra , combinatorics

A finite set $M$ of real numbers has the following properties: $M$ has at least $4$ elements, and there exists a bijective function $f:M\to M$, different from the identity, such that $ab\leq f(a)f(b)$ for all $a\neq b\in M.$ Prove that the sum of the elements of $M$ is $0.$

2009 District Olympiad, 4

Tags: function , floor function , real analysis

a) Prove that the function $F:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R},\ F(x)=2\lfloor x\rfloor-\cos(3\pi\{x\})$ is continuous over $\mathbb{R}$ and for any $y\in \mathbb{R}$, the equation $F(x)=y$ has exactly three solutions. b) Let $k$ a positive even integer. Prove that there is no function $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ such that $f$ is continuous over $\mathbb{R}$ and that for any $y\in \text{Im}\ f$, the equation $f(x)=y$ has exactly $k$ solutions $(\text{Im}\ f=f(\mathbb{R}))$.

2007 Today's Calculation Of Integral, 227

Tags: calculus , integration , trigonometry , function , calculus computations

Evaluate $ \frac{1}{\displaystyle \int _0^{\frac{\pi}{2}} \cos ^{2006}x \cdot \sin 2008 x\ dx}$

2022 Princeton University Math Competition, 6

Tags: algebra , combinatorics

A sequence of integers $x_1, x_2, ...$ is [i]double-dipped[/i] if $x_{n+2} = ax_{n+1} + bx_n$ for all $n \ge 1$ and some fixed integers $a, b$. Ri begins to form a sequence by randomly picking three integers from the set $\{1, 2, ..., 12\}$, with replacement. It is known that if Ri adds a term by picking anotherelement at random from $\{1, 2, ..., 12\}$, there is at least a $\frac13$ chance that his resulting four-term sequence forms the beginning of a double-dipped sequence. Given this, how many distinct three-term sequences could Ri have picked to begin with?

2024 Germany Team Selection Test, 1

Tags: algebra , function

Let $\mathbb{R}$ be the set of real numbers. Let $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ be a function such that \[f(x+y)f(x-y)\geqslant f(x)^2-f(y)^2\] for every $x,y\in\mathbb{R}$. Assume that the inequality is strict for some $x_0,y_0\in\mathbb{R}$. Prove that either $f(x)\geqslant 0$ for every $x\in\mathbb{R}$ or $f(x)\leqslant 0$ for every $x\in\mathbb{R}$.

2019 ELMO Shortlist, G5

Tags: geometry

Given a triangle $ABC$ for which $\angle BAC \neq 90^{\circ}$, let $B_1, C_1$ be variable points on $AB,AC$, respectively. Let $B_2,C_2$ be the points on line $BC$ such that a spiral similarity centered at $A$ maps $B_1C_1$ to $C_2B_2$. Denote the circumcircle of $AB_1C_1$ by $\omega$. Show that if $B_1B_2$ and $C_1C_2$ concur on $\omega$ at a point distinct from $B_1$ and $C_1$, then $\omega$ passes through a fixed point other than $A$. [i]Proposed by Max Jiang[/i]

1967 All Soviet Union Mathematical Olympiad, 084

Tags: geometry , altitude , median , equilateral

a) The maximal height $|AH|$ of the acute-angled triangle $ABC$ equals the median $|BM|$. Prove that the angle $ABC$ isn't greater than $60$ degrees. b) The height $|AH|$ of the acute-angled triangle $ABC$ equals the median $|BM|$ and bisectrix $|CD|$. Prove that the angle $ABC$ is equilateral.

2016 Romania National Olympiad, 4

Tags: number theory

For $n \in N^*$ we will say that the non-negative integers $x_1, x_2, ... , x_n$ have property $(P)$ if $$x_1x_2 ...x_n = x_1 + 2x_2 + 3x_3 + ...+ nx_n.$$ a) Show that for every $n \in N^*$ there exists $n$ positive integers with property $(P)$. b) Find all integers $n \ge 2$ so that there exists $n$ positive integers $x_1, x_2, ... , x_n$ with $x_1< x_2<x_3< ... <x_n$, having property $(P)$.

2014 Turkey Junior National Olympiad, 1

Tags: inequalities , algebra

Prove that for positive reals $a$,$b$,$c$ so that $a+b+c+abc=4$, \[\left (1+\dfrac{a}{b}+ca \right )\left (1+\dfrac{b}{c}+ab \right)\left (1+\dfrac{c}{a}+bc \right) \ge 27\] holds.

2022 Cyprus JBMO TST, 2

Tags: number theory , prime number , prime

Determine all pairs of prime numbers $(p, q)$ which satisfy the equation \[ p^3+q^3+1=p^2q^2 \]

2018 Moscow Mathematical Olympiad, 6

Tags: combinatorics

There is house with $2^n$ rooms and every room has one light bulb and light switch. But wiring was connected wrong, so light switch can turn on light in some another room. Master want to find what switch connected to every light bulb. He use next practice: he send some workers in the some rooms, then they turn on switches in same time, then they go to master and tell him, in what rooms light bulb was turned on. a) Prove that $2n$ moves is enough to find, how switches are connected to bulbs. b) Is $2n-1$ moves always enough ?

2005 Georgia Team Selection Test, 6

Tags: induction , modular arithmetic , number theory , combinatorics

Let $ A$ be the subset of the set of positive integers, having the following $ 2$ properties: 1) If $ a$ belong to $ A$,than all of the divisors of $ a$ also belong to $ A$; 2) If $ a$ and $ b$, $ 1 < a < b$, belong to $ A$, than $ 1 \plus{} ab$ is also in $ A$; Prove that if $ A$ contains at least $ 3$ positive integers, than $ A$ contains all positive integers.

2012 Middle European Mathematical Olympiad, 2

Tags: geometry , function , algebra , polynomial , inequalities

Let $ a,b$ and $ c $ be positive real numbers with $ abc = 1 $. Prove that \[ \sqrt{ 9 + 16a^2}+\sqrt{ 9 + 16b^2}+\sqrt{ 9 + 16c^2} \ge 3 +4(a+b+c)\]

MOAA Individual Speed General Rounds, 2023.10

Tags:

If $x,y,z$ satisfy the system of equations \[xy+yz+zx=23\] \[\frac{y}{x+y}+\frac{z}{y+z}+\frac{x}{z+x}=-1\] \[\frac{z^2x}{x+y}+\frac{x^2y}{y+z}+\frac{y^2z}{z+x}=202\] Find the value of $x^2+y^2+z^2$. [i]Proposed by Harry Kim[/i]

2011 All-Russian Olympiad Regional Round, 9.8

Tags: geometry , rectangle , combinatorics

Straight rod of 2 meter length is cut into $N$ sticks. The length of each piece is an integer number of centimeters. For which smallest $N$ can one guarantee that it is possible to form the contour of some rectangle, while using all sticks and not breaking them further? (Author: A. Magazinov)

1994 Poland - First Round, 9

Tags:

Let $a$ and $b$ be positive real numbers with the sum equal to $1$. Prove that if $a^3$ and $b^3$ are rational, so are $a$ and $b$.

2025 EGMO, 1

Tags: number theory

For a positive integer $N$, let $c_1 < c_2 < \cdots < c_m$ be all positive integers smaller than $N$ that are coprime to $N$. Find all $N \geqslant 3$ such that $$\gcd( N, c_i + c_{i+1}) \neq 1$$ for all $1 \leqslant i \leqslant m-1$ \\[i]Here $\gcd(a, b)$ is the largest positive integer that divides both $a$ and $b$. Integers $a$ and $b$ are coprime if $\gcd(a, b) = 1$.[/i] \\ [i]Proposed by Paulius Aleknavičius, Lithuania[/i]

2006 Moldova MO 11-12, 7

Tags: geometry

Let $n\in\mathbb{N}^*$. $2n+3$ points on the plane are given so that no 3 lie on a line and no 4 lie on a circle. Is it possible to find 3 points so that the interior of the circle passing through them would contain exactly $n$ of the remaining points.