Olympiad problems

IV Soros Olympiad 1997 - 98 (Russia), 10.6

Tags: combinatorics

Is it possible to arrange $n \times n$ in the cells of a square table the numbers $0$,$ 1$ or $2$ so that the sums of the numbers in rows and columns took on all different values from $1$ to $2n$? Consider two cases: a) $n$ is an odd number; b) $n$ is an even number.

1979 IMO Longlists, 14

Tags: combinatorics

Let $S$ be a set of $n^2 + 1$ closed intervals ($n$ a positive integer). Prove that at least one of the following assertions holds: [b](i)[/b] There exists a subset $S'$ of $n+1$ intervals from $S$ such that the intersection of the intervals in $S'$ is nonempty. [b](ii)[/b] There exists a subset $S''$ of $n + 1$ intervals from $S$ such that any two of the intervals in $S''$ are disjoint.

2016 HMNT, 9

Tags: geometry , 3d geometry , sphere

A cylinder with radius $15$ and height $16$ is inscribed in a sphere. Three congruent smaller spheres of radius $x$ are externally tangent to the base of the cylinder, externally tangent to each other, and internally tangent to the large sphere. What is the value of $x$?

2012 BMT Spring, 3

Tags:

Find the largest prime factor of \[ \frac{1}{\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{2012}{n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)\dots(n+2012)}} \]

LMT Team Rounds 2021+, B13

Tags: number theory

Call a $4$-digit number $\overline{a b c d}$ [i]unnoticeable [/i] if $a +c = b +d$ and $\overline{a b c d} +\overline{c d a b}$ is a multiple of $7$. Find the number of unnoticeable numbers. Note: $a$, $b$, $c$, and $d$ are nonzero distinct digits. [i]Proposed by Aditya Rao[/i]

Estonia Open Junior - geometry, 2014.1.5

Tags: midpoint , geometry , concurrency

In a triangle $ABC$ the midpoints of $BC, CA$ and $AB$ are $D, E$ and $F$, respectively. Prove that the circumcircles of triangles $AEF, BFD$ and $CDE$ intersect all in one point.

2012 Bosnia Herzegovina Team Selection Test, 2

Tags: trigonometry , inequalities

Prove for all positive real numbers $a,b,c$, such that $a^2+b^2+c^2=1$: \[\frac{a^3}{b^2+c}+\frac{b^3}{c^2+a}+\frac{c^3}{a^2+b}\ge \frac{\sqrt{3}}{1+\sqrt{3}}.\]

2001 Bosnia and Herzegovina Team Selection Test, 3

Tags: maximum , combinatorics , subset

Find maximal value of positive integer $n$ such that there exists subset of $S=\{1,2,...,2001\}$ with $n$ elements, such that equation $y=2x$ does not have solutions in set $S \times S$

2022 China Second Round A1, 1

Tags: maximum and minimum , inequalities

$a,b,c,d$ are real numbers so that $a\geq b,c\geq d$,\[|a|+2|b|+3|c|+4|d|=1.\] Let $P=(a-b)(b-c)(c-d)$,find the maximum and minimum value of $P$.

2012 Philippine MO, 4

Tags: induction , algebra

Let $\star$ be an operation defined in the set of nonnegative integers with the following properties: for any nonnegative integers $x$ and $y$, (i) $(x + 1)\star 0 = (0\star x) + 1$ (ii) $0\star (y + 1) = (y\star 0) + 1$ (iii) $(x + 1)\star (y + 1) = (x\star y) + 1$. If $123\star 456 = 789$, find $246\star 135$.

2007 AIME Problems, 9

Tags: trigonometry , geometry , rectangle , geometric transformation , homothety , number theory

In right triangle $ABC$ with right angle $C$, $CA=30$ and $CB=16$. Its legs $\overline{CA}$ and $\overline{CB}$ are extended beyond $A$ and $B$. Points $O_{1}$ and $O_{2}$ lie in the exterior of the triangle and are the centers of two circles with equal radii. The circle with center $O_{1}$ is tangent to the hypotenuse and to the extension of leg CA, the circle with center $O_{2}$ is tangent to the hypotenuse and to the extension of leg CB, and the circles are externally tangent to each other. The length of the radius of either circle can be expressed as $p/q$, where $p$ and $q$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $p+q$.

2009 Today's Calculation Of Integral, 407

Tags: calculus , integration , calculus computations

Evaluate $ \int_0^1 (x \plus{} 3)\sqrt {xe^x}\ dx$.

2020 Balkan MO Shortlist, G5

Tags: geometry , circumcircle

Let $ABC$ be an isosceles triangle with $AB = AC$ and $\angle A = 45^o$. Its circumcircle $(c)$ has center $O, M$ is the midpoint of $BC$ and $D$ is the foot of the perpendicular from $C$ to $AB$. With center $C$ and radius $CD$ we draw a circle which internally intersects $AC$ at the point $F$ and the circle $(c)$ at the points $Z$ and $E$, such that $Z$ lies on the small arc $BC$ and $E$ on the small arc $AC$. Prove that the lines $ZE$, $CO$, $FM$ are concurrent. [i]Brazitikos Silouanos, Greece[/i]

2019 Malaysia National Olympiad, B2

Tags: geometry

Given a parallelogram $ABCD$, a point M is chosen such that $\angle DAC=\angle MAC$ and $\angle CAB=\angle MAB.$ Prove $\frac{AM}{BM}=\left(\frac{AC}{BD}\right)^2$

2000 Taiwan National Olympiad, 3

Tags: function , induction , algebra

Define a function $f:\mathbb{N}\rightarrow\mathbb{N}_0$ by $f(1)=0$ and \[f(n)=\max_j\{ f(j)+f(n-j)+j\}\quad\forall\, n\ge 2 \] Determine $f(2000)$.

2007 Hungary-Israel Binational, 3

Tags: polynomial , algebra

Let $ t \ge 3$ be a given real number and assume that the polynomial $ f(x)$ satisfies $|f(k)\minus{}t^k|<1$, for $ k\equal{}0,1,2,\ldots ,n$. Prove that the degree of $f(x)$ is at least $n$.

2016 IFYM, Sozopol, 1

Tags: game strategy , combinatorial geometry

We are given a set $P$ of points and a set $L$ of straight lines. At the beginning there are 4 points, no three of which are collinear, and $L=\emptyset $. Two players are taking turns adding one or two lines to $L$, where each of these lines has to pass through at least two of the points in $P$. After that all intersection points of the lines in $L$ are added to $P$, if they are not already part of it. A player wins, if after his turn there are three collinear points from $P$, which lie on a line that isn’t from $L$. Find who of the two players has a winning strategy.

2003 China Team Selection Test, 2

Tags: polynomial , algebra

Can we find positive reals $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_{2002}$ such that for any positive integer $k$, with $1 \leq k \leq 2002$, every complex root $z$ of the following polynomial $f(x)$ satisfies the condition $|\text{Im } z| \leq |\text{Re } z|$, \[f(x)=a_{k+2001}x^{2001}+a_{k+2000}x^{2000}+ \cdots + a_{k+1}x+a_k,\] where $a_{2002+i}=a_i$, for $i=1,2, \dots, 2001$.

1954 Moscow Mathematical Olympiad, 268

Tags: maximum , digit , number theory

Delete $100$ digits from the number $1234567891011... 9899100$ so that the remaining number were as big as possible.

2007 Baltic Way, 9

Tags: combinatorics

A society has to elect a board of governors. Each member of the society has chosen $10$ candidates for the board, but he will be happy if at least one of them will be on the board. For each six members of the society there exists a board consisting of two persons making all of these six members happy. Prove that a board consisting of $10$ persons can be elected making every member of the society happy.

IV Soros Olympiad 1997 - 98 (Russia), 10.1

Tags: analytic geometry , algebra

On the coordinate plane, draw a set of points whose coordinates $(x, y)$ satisfy the equation $y=x+|y-3x-2x^2|$.

2017 Junior Balkan Team Selection Tests - Romania, 4

Tags: equilateral , geometry , equal angles , angle

Let $ABC$ be a right triangle, with the right angle at $A$. The altitude from $A$ meets $BC$ at $H$ and $M$ is the midpoint of the hypotenuse $[BC]$. On the legs, in the exterior of the triangle, equilateral triangles $BAP$ and $ACQ$ are constructed. If $N$ is the intersection point of the lines $AM$ and $PQ$, prove that the angles $\angle NHP$ and $\angle AHQ$ are equal. Miguel Ochoa Sanchez and Leonard Giugiuc

2009 Bosnia And Herzegovina - Regional Olympiad, 4

Tags: geometry , isosceles , tangent , circumcircle

Let $C$ be a circle with center $O$ and radius $R$. From point $A$ of circle $C$ we construct a tangent $t$ on circle $C$. We construct line $d$ through point $O$ whch intersects tangent $t$ in point $M$ and circle $C$ in points $B$ and $D$ ($B$ lies between points $O$ and $M$). If $AM=R\sqrt{3}$, prove: $a)$ Triangle $AMD$ is isosceles $b)$ Circumcenter of $AMD$ lies on circle $C$

2021 IMO, 4

Tags: geometry

Let $\Gamma$ be a circle with centre $I$, and $A B C D$ a convex quadrilateral such that each of the segments $A B, B C, C D$ and $D A$ is tangent to $\Gamma$. Let $\Omega$ be the circumcircle of the triangle $A I C$. The extension of $B A$ beyond $A$ meets $\Omega$ at $X$, and the extension of $B C$ beyond $C$ meets $\Omega$ at $Z$. The extensions of $A D$ and $C D$ beyond $D$ meet $\Omega$ at $Y$ and $T$, respectively. Prove that \[A D+D T+T X+X A=C D+D Y+Y Z+Z C.\] [i]Proposed by Dominik Burek, Poland and Tomasz Ciesla, Poland[/i]

2023 UMD Math Competition Part I, #11

Tags: geometry

Let $S_1$ be a square with side $s$ and $C_1$ be the circle inscribed in it. Let $C_2$ be a circle with radius $r$ and $S_2$ be a square inscribed in it. We are told that the area of $S_1 - C_1$ is the same as the area of $C_2 - S_2.$ Which of the following numbers is closest to $s/r?$ $$ \mathrm a. ~ 1\qquad \mathrm b.~2\qquad \mathrm c. ~3 \qquad \mathrm d. ~4 \qquad \mathrm e. ~5 $$