Find all pairs $(a, b)$ of natural numbers such that $$\frac{a^3 + 1}{2ab^2 + 1}$$ is an integer.

Prove that in every convex hexagon of area $S$ one can draw a diagonal that cuts off a triangle of area not exceeding $\frac{1}{6}S.$

Consider arithmetic sequences where all terms are natural numbers. If the first term of such a sequence is $1$, prove that that sequence contains infinitely many terms that are the cube of a natural number. Give an example of such a sequence in which no term is the cube of a natural number and show the correctness of this example.

Let $n$ be positive integer. Given is a grid $nxn$. Some cells of the grid are colored in green, so that no two green squares share a common side. Is it possible, however the green cells are colored, to place $n$ rooks, so that none of the rooks is on green cell, and no two rooks attack each other, if a) n=19 b) n=20

Find all functions $f: Q^{+}\rightarrow R$ such that $f(x)+f(y)+2xyf(xy)=\frac{f(xy)}{f(x+y)}$ for all $x,y\in Q^{+}$

Find all $a , b , c \in \mathbb{N}$ for which \[1997^a+15^b=2012^c\]

Take $r$ such that $1\le r\le n$, and consider all subsets of $r$ elements of the set $\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$. Each subset has a smallest element. Let $F(n,r)$ be the arithmetic mean of these smallest elements. Prove that: \[ F(n,r)={n+1\over r+1}. \]

In a football league, there are $n\geq 6$ teams. Each team has a homecourt jersey and a road jersey with different color. When two teams play, the home team always wear homecourt jersey and the road team wear their homecourt jersey if the color is different from the home team's homecourt jersey, or otherwise the road team shall wear their road jersey. It is required that in any two games with 4 different teams, the 4 teams' jerseys have at least 3 different color. Find the least number of color that the $n$ teams' $2n$ jerseys may use.

A $2015\times2015$ chessboard is given, the cells of which are painted white and black alternatively so that the corner cells are black. There are $n{}$ [url=https://i.stack.imgur.com/V1kdh.png]L-trominoes[/url] placed on the board, no two of which overlap and which cover all of the black cells. Find the smallest possible value of $n{}$.

Define the set $M_q=\{x \in \mathbb{Q} \mid x^3-2015x=q \}$ , where $q$ is an arbitrary rational number. [b]a)[/b] Show that there exists values for $q$ such that the set is null as well as values for which it has exactly one element. [b]b)[/b] Determine all the possible values for the cardinality of $M_q$

Given is a triangle $ABC$ and two points $D \in AC, E \in BD$ such that $\angle DAE=\angle AED=\angle ABC$. Show that $BE=2CD$ iff $\angle ACB=90^{\circ}$.

Let $H$ be the orthocenter of $\triangle ABC$. The points $A_{1} \not= A$, $B_{1} \not= B$ and $C_{1} \not= C$ lie, respectively, on the circumcircles of $\triangle BCH$, $\triangle CAH$ and $\triangle ABH$ and satisfy $A_{1}H=B_{1}H=C_{1}H$. Denote by $H_{1}$, $H_{2}$ and $H_{3}$ the orthocenters of $\triangle A_{1}BC$, $\triangle B_{1}CA$ and $\triangle C_{1}AB$, respectively. Prove that $\triangle A_{1}B_{1}C_{1}$ and $\triangle H_{1}H_{2}H_{3}$ have the same orthocenter.

Let $a,b,c,d$ be positive real numbers. What is the minimum value of $$ \frac{(a^2+b^2+2c^2+3d^2)(2a^2+3b^2+6c^2+6d^2)}{(a+b)^2(c+d)^2}$$

The point $P$ lies on the edge $AB$ of a quadrilateral $ABCD$. The angles $BAD, ABC$ and $CPD$ are right, and $AB = BC + AD$. Show that $BC = BP$ or $AD = BP$.

We call a function $g$ [i]special [/i] if $g(x)=a^{f(x)}$ (for all $x$) where $a$ is a positive integer and $f$ is polynomial with integer coefficients such that $f(n)>0$ for all positive integers $n$. A function is called an [i]exponential polynomial[/i] if it is obtained from the product or sum of special functions. For instance, $2^{x}3^{x^{2}+x-1}+5^{2x}$ is an exponential polynomial. Prove that there does not exist a non-zero exponential polynomial $f(x)$ and a non-constant polynomial $P(x)$ with integer coefficients such that $$P(n)|f(n)$$ for all positive integers $n$.

Square $ EFGH$ is inside the square $ ABCD$ so that each side of $ EFGH$ can be extended to pass through a vertex of $ ABCD$. Square $ ABCD$ has side length $ \sqrt {50}$ and $ BE \equal{} 1$. What is the area of the inner square $ EFGH$? [asy]unitsize(4cm); defaultpen(linewidth(.8pt)+fontsize(10pt)); pair D=(0,0), C=(1,0), B=(1,1), A=(0,1); pair F=intersectionpoints(Circle(D,2/sqrt(5)),Circle(A,1))[0]; pair G=foot(A,D,F), H=foot(B,A,G), E=foot(C,B,H); draw(A--B--C--D--cycle); draw(D--F); draw(C--E); draw(B--H); draw(A--G); label("$A$",A,NW); label("$B$",B,NE); label("$C$",C,SE); label("$D$",D,SW); label("$E$",E,NNW); label("$F$",F,ENE); label("$G$",G,SSE); label("$H$",H,WSW);[/asy]$ \textbf{(A)}\ 25\qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 32\qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 36\qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 40\qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 42$

Given a rectangle $ABCD$ with $AB> BC$. On the side $CD$, take a point $L$ such that $BL$ and $AC$ are perpendicular. Let $K$ be the intersection point of segments $BL$ and $AC$. It is known that segments $AL$. and $DK$ are perpendicular. Find $\angle ACB.$

Let $({{A}_{n}})_{n=1}^{\infty }$ and $({{a}_{n}})_{n=1}^{\infty }$ be sequences of positive integers. Assume that for each positive integer $x$, there is a unique positive integer $N$ and a unique $N-tuple$ $({{x}_{1}},...,{{x}_{N}})$ such that $0\le {{x}_{k}}\le {{a}_{k}}$ for $k=1,2,...N$, ${{x}_{N}}\ne 0$, and $x=\sum\limits_{k=1}^{N}{{{A}_{k}}{{x}_{k}}}$. (a) Prove that ${{A}_{k}}=1$ for some $k$; (b) Prove that ${{A}_{k}}={{A}_{j}}\Leftrightarrow k=j$; (c) Prove that if ${{A}_{k}}\le {{A}_{j}}$, then $\left. {{A}_{k}} \right|{{A}_{j}}$.

$O$ is the circumcenter of acute $\Delta ABC$, $H$ is the Orthocenter. $AD \bot BC$, $EF$ is the perpendicular bisector of $AO$,$D,E$ on the $BC$. Prove that the circumcircle of $\Delta ADE$ through the midpoint of $OH$.

The positive numbers $a_1, a_2,...$ satisfy $a_1 = 1$ and $(m+n)a_{m+n }\le a_m +a_n$ for all positive integers $m$ and $n$. Show that $\frac{1}{a_{200}} > 4 \cdot 10^7$ . .

Find all pairs $(a, b)$ of positive integers for which $a + b = \phi (a) + \phi (b) + gcd (a, b)$. Here $ \phi (n)$ is the number of numbers $k$ from $\{1, 2,. . . , n\}$ with $gcd (n, k) = 1$.

Let be a sequence $ \left( s_n\right)_{n\geqslant 0} $ of positive real numbers, with $ s_0 $ being the golden ratio, and defined as $$ s_{n+2}=\frac{1+s_{n+1}}{s_n} . $$ Establish the necessary and sufficient condition under which $ \left( s_n\right)_{n\geqslant 0} $ is convergent.

Let $\Omega$ and $\omega$ be circles with radii $123$ and $61$, respectively, such that the center of $\Omega$ lies on $\omega$. A chord of $\Omega$ is cut by $\omega$ into three segments, whose lengths are in the ratio $1 : 2 : 3$ in that order. Given that this chord is not a diameter of $\Omega$, compute the length of this chord.

A badminton club consists of $2n$ members who are n couples. The club plans to arrange a round of mixed doubles matches where spouses neither play together nor against each other. Requirements are: $\cdot$ Each pair of members of the same gender meets exactly once as opponents in a mixed doubles match. $\cdot$ Any two members of the opposite gender who are not spouses meet exactly once as partners and also as opponents in a mixed doubles match. Given that $(n,6)=1$, can you arrange a round of mixed doubles matches that meets the above specifications and requirements?

A convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ satisfies $AB\cdot CD = BC\cdot DA$. Point $X$ lies inside $ABCD$ so that \[\angle{XAB} = \angle{XCD}\quad\,\,\text{and}\quad\,\,\angle{XBC} = \angle{XDA}.\] Prove that $\angle{BXA} + \angle{DXC} = 180^\circ$. [i]Proposed by Tomasz Ciesla, Poland[/i]