Let $F_1=1, F_2=1,$ and $F_{n+2}=F_{n+1}+F_n.$ Then, $$S = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \arctan\left(\frac{1}{F_n}\right)\arctan\left(\frac{1}{F_{n+1}}\right)$$ Find $\lfloor 80S \rfloor.$ (Hint: it may be useful to note that $\arctan(\tfrac{1}{1}) = \arctan(\tfrac{1}{2})+\arctan(\tfrac{1}{3}).$)

Let $ABCD$ be a convex quadrilateral with $AD = BC, CD \nparallel AB, AD \nparallel BC$. Points $M$ and $N$ are the midpoints of the sides $CD$ and $AB$, respectively. a) If $E$ and $F$ are points, such that $MCBF$ and $ADME$ are parallelograms, prove that $\vartriangle BF N \equiv \vartriangle AEN$. b) Let $P = MN \cap BC$, $Q = AD \cap MN$, $R = AD \cap BC$. Prove that the triangle $PQR$ is iscosceles.

Let $C$ be a coloring of all edges and diagonals of a convex $n$−gon in red and blue (in Romanian, rosu and albastru). Denote by $q_r(C)$ (resp. $q_a(C)$) the number of quadrilaterals having all its edges and diagonals red (resp. blue). Prove: $ \underset{C}{min} (q_r(C)+q_a(C)) \le \frac{1}{32} {n \choose 4}$

Let $ a, b \in \mathbb{Z}$ which are not perfect squares. Prove that if \[ x^2 \minus{} ay^2 \minus{} bz^2 \plus{} abw^2 \equal{} 0\] has a nontrivial solution in integers, then so does \[ x^2 \minus{} ay^2 \minus{} bz^2 \equal{} 0.\]

For a positive integer $n$, let $S(n), P(n)$ denote the sum and the product of all the digits of $n$ respectively. 1) Find all values of n such that $n = P(n)$: 2) Determine all values of n such that $n = S(n) + P(n)$.

How many four-digit integers $abcd$, with $a \neq 0$, have the property that the three two-digit integers $ab<bc<cd$ form an increasing arithmetic sequence? One such number is $4692$, where $a=4$, $b=6$, $c=9$, and $d=2$. $\textbf{(A)}\ 9\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 15\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 16\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 17\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 20$

Let $m \in {\mathbb R}$ and $$x^2+(m-4)x+(m^2-3m+3)=0$$ equations roots are $x_1$ and $x_2$ and $x_1^2+x_2^2=6$. Find all $m$ values.

For any natural number $m \ge 1$ and any real number $x \ge 0$ we define expression $$E (x, m) = \frac{(1^4 + x) (3^4 + x) (5^4 + x) ... [(2m -1)^ 4 + x]}{(2^4 + x) (4^4 + x) (6^4 + x) ... [(2m )^ 4 + x]}.$$ It is known that $E\left(\frac{1}{4},m\right)=\frac{1}{1013}.$ . Determine the value of $m$

Given a positive integer $k$, call $n$ [i]good[/i] if among $$\binom{n}{0},\binom{n}{1},\binom{n}{2},...,\binom{n}{n}$$ at least $0.99n$ of them are divisible by $k$. Show that exists some positive integer $N$ such that among $1,2,...,N$, there are at least $0.99N$ good numbers.

The repeating decimal $0.328181818181...$ can equivalently be expressed as $\frac{m}{n}$ where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $m + n$.

For how many integers $1\leq n\leq 9999$ is there a solution to the congruence \[\phi(n)\equiv 2\,\,\,\pmod{12},\] where $\phi(n)$ is the Euler phi-function?

Given a nonisosceles, nonright triangle ABC, let O denote the center of its circumscribed circle, and let $A_1$, $B_1$, and $C_1$ be the midpoints of sides BC, CA, and AB, respectively. Point $A_2$ is located on the ray $OA_1$ so that $OAA_1$ is similar to $OA_2A$. Points $B_2$ and $C_2$ on rays $OB_1$ and $OC_1$, respectively, are defined similarly. Prove that lines $AA_2$, $BB_2$, and $CC_2$ are concurrent, i.e. these three lines intersect at a point.

There are $2000$ cities in the country, some pairs of cities are connected by roads. It is known that no more than $N$ different non-self-intersecting cyclic routes of odd length. Prove that the country can be divided into $2N +2$ republics so that no two cities from the same republic are connected by a road.

A parallelogram $ABCD$ is given. On the diagonal BD, a point $P$ is selected such that $AP = BD$ is satisfied. Point $Q$ is the midpoint of segment $CP$. Prove that $\angle BQD = 90^o$. [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/2/0/4bc69ec0330e2afa6b560c56da5dd783b16efb.png[/img] .

For $ a,b,c\geq 0$ with $ a\plus{}b\plus{}c\equal{}1$, prove that $ \sqrt{a\plus{}\frac{(b\minus{}c)^2}{4}}\plus{}\sqrt{b}\plus{}\sqrt{c}\leq \sqrt{3}$

Determine all ordered pairs $(m, n)$ of positive integers such that \[\frac{n^{3}+1}{mn-1}\] is an integer.

Let $a$, $b$, $c$ be positive real numbers for which \[ \frac{5}{a} = b+c, \quad \frac{10}{b} = c+a, \quad \text{and} \quad \frac{13}{c} = a+b. \] If $a+b+c = \frac mn$ for relatively prime positive integers $m$ and $n$, compute $m+n$. [i]Proposed by Evan Chen[/i]

Kevin is in first grade, so his teacher asks him to calculate $20+1\cdot 6+k$, where $k$ is a real number revealed to Kevin. However, since Kevin is rude to his Aunt Sally, he instead calculates $(20+1)\cdot (6+k)$. Surprisingly, Kevin gets the correct answer! Assuming Kevin did his computations correctly, what was his answer? [i]Proposed by James Lin[/i]

There are $n$ coins in a row. Two players take turns picking a coin and flipping it. The location of the heads and tails should not repeat. Loses the one who can not make a move. Which of player can always win, no matter how his opponent plays?

Let $ p \geq 2$ be a prime number. Eduardo and Fernando play the following game making moves alternately: in each move, the current player chooses an index $i$ in the set $\{0,1,2,\ldots, p-1 \}$ that was not chosen before by either of the two players and then chooses an element $a_i$ from the set $\{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9\}$. Eduardo has the first move. The game ends after all the indices have been chosen .Then the following number is computed: $$M=a_0+a_110+a_210^2+\cdots+a_{p-1}10^{p-1}= \sum_{i=0}^{p-1}a_i.10^i$$. The goal of Eduardo is to make $M$ divisible by $p$, and the goal of Fernando is to prevent this. Prove that Eduardo has a winning strategy. [i]Proposed by Amine Natik, Morocco[/i]

All edges of a tetrahedron $ABCD$ are equal. The tetrahedron $ABCD$ is inscribed in a sphere. $CC'$ and $DD'$ are diameters. Find the angle between the planes $ABC$' and $ACD'$. (A Zaslavskiy)

A box contains five cards, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Three cards are selected randomly without replacement from the box. What is the probability that 4 is the largest value selected? $\textbf{(A) }\frac{1}{10}\qquad\textbf{(B) }\frac{1}{5}\qquad\textbf{(C) }\frac{3}{10}\qquad\textbf{(D) }\frac{2}{5}\qquad\textbf{(E) }\frac{1}{2}$

Let $R{}$ and $r{}$ be the radii of the circumscribed and inscribed circles of the acute-angled triangle $ABC{}$ respectively. The point $M{}$ is the midpoint of its largest side $BC.$ The tangents to its circumscribed circle at $B{}$ and $C{}$ intersect at $X{}$. Prove that \[\frac{r}{R}\geqslant\frac{AM}{AX}.\]

Find all functions $ f $ defined on real numbers and taking values in the set of real numbers such that $ f(x+y)+f(y+z)+f(z+x) \geq f(x+2y+3z) $ for all real numbers $ x,y,z $. [hide]There is an infinity of such functions. Every function with the property that $ 3 \inf f \geq \sup f $ is a good one. I wonder if there is a way to find all the solutions. It seems very strange.[/hide]

The number of integral points on the circle with center $(199,0)$, radius of $199$ is________.