The expression $ 2 \plus{} \sqrt{2} \plus{} \frac{1}{2 \plus{} \sqrt{2}} \plus{} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} \minus{} 2}$ equals: $ \textbf{(A)}\ 2\qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 2 \minus{} \sqrt{2}\qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 2 \plus{} \sqrt{2}\qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 2\sqrt{2}\qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$

Altitudes $AD$ and $BE$ of an acute triangle $ABC$ intersect at $H$. Let $P \ne E$ be the point of tangency of the circle with radius $HE$ centred at $H$ with its tangent line going through point $C$, and let $Q \ne E$ be the point of tangency of the circle with radius $BE$ centred at $B$ with its tangent line going through $C$. Prove that the points $D, P$ and $Q$ are collinear.

Let $\triangle ABC$ be an acute triangle. Point $Z$ is on $A$ altitude and points $X$ and $Y$ are on the $B$ and $C$ altitudes out of the triangle respectively, such that: $\angle AYB=\angle BZC=\angle CXA=90$ Prove that $X$,$Y$ and $Z$ are collinear, if and only if the length of the tangent drawn from $A$ to the nine point circle of $\triangle ABC$ is equal with the sum of the lengths of the tangents drawn from $B$ and $C$ to the nine point circle of $\triangle ABC$.

The lengths of the altitudes of $\triangle{ABC}$ are the roots of the polynomial $x^3-34x^2+360x-1200.$ Find the area of $\triangle{ABC}.$

Find all positive integers $ a$ and $ b$ such that $ \frac{a^{4}\plus{}a^{3}\plus{}1}{a^{2}b^{2}\plus{}ab^{2}\plus{}1}$ is an integer.

A sphere is inscribed in a truncated right circular cone as shown. The volume of the truncated cone is twice that of the sphere. What is the ratio of the radius of the bottom base of the truncated cone to the radius of the top base of the truncated cone? [asy] real r=(3+sqrt(5))/2; real s=sqrt(r); real Brad=r; real brad=1; real Fht = 2*s; import graph3; import solids; currentprojection=orthographic(1,0,.2); currentlight=(10,10,5); revolution sph=sphere((0,0,Fht/2),Fht/2); //draw(surface(sph),green+white+opacity(0.5)); //triple f(pair t) {return (t.x*cos(t.y),t.x*sin(t.y),t.x^(1/n)*sin(t.y/n));} triple f(pair t) { triple v0 = Brad*(cos(t.x),sin(t.x),0); triple v1 = brad*(cos(t.x),sin(t.x),0)+(0,0,Fht); return (v0 + t.y*(v1-v0)); } triple g(pair t) { return (t.y*cos(t.x),t.y*sin(t.x),0); } surface sback=surface(f,(3pi/4,0),(7pi/4,1),80,2); surface sfront=surface(f,(7pi/4,0),(11pi/4,1),80,2); surface base = surface(g,(0,0),(2pi,Brad),80,2); draw(sback,rgb(0,1,0)); draw(sfront,rgb(.3,1,.3)); draw(base,rgb(.4,1,.4)); draw(surface(sph),rgb(.3,1,.3)); [/asy] $ \textbf {(A) } \dfrac {3}{2} \qquad \textbf {(B) } \dfrac {1+\sqrt{5}}{2} \qquad \textbf {(C) } \sqrt{3} \qquad \textbf {(D) } 2 \qquad \textbf {(E) } \dfrac {3+\sqrt{5}}{2} $

The vertices of $\Delta ABC$ lie on the graphics of the function $f(x)=x^2$ and its centroid is $M(1,7)$. Determine the greatest possible value of the area of $\Delta ABC$.

Inside the parallelogram $ABCD$, point $E$ is chosen, such that $AE = DE$ and $\angle ABE = 90^o$. Point $F$ is the midpoint of the side $BC$ . Find the measure of the angle $\angle DFE$.

Let $S$ be the set of all positive rational numbers $r$ such that when the two numbers $r$ and $55r$ are written as fractions in lowest terms, the sum of the numerator and denominator of one fraction is the same as the sum of the numerator and denominator of the other fraction. The sum of all the elements of $S$ can be expressed in the form $\frac{p}{q}$, where $p$ and $q$ are relatively prime positive integers. Find $p+q$.

It is known that $a+\frac{b^2}{a}=b+\frac{a^2}{b}$. Is it true that $a=b$, where $a$ and $b$ are nonzero real numbers? Proposed by R.Fedorov

Let $a,b$ and $c$ be positive integers, no two of which have a common divisor greater than $1$. Show that $2abc-ab-bc-ca$ is the largest integer which cannot be expressed in the form $xbc+yca+zab$, where $x,y,z$ are non-negative integers.

Determine the largest positive integer $n$ for which there exists a set $S$ with exactly $n$ numbers such that [list][*] each member in $S$ is a positive integer not exceeding $2002$, [*] if $a,b\in S$ (not necessarily different), then $ab\not\in S$. [/list]

Let $ ABC$ be a triangle, and let $ P$, $ Q$, $ R$ be three points in the interiors of the sides $ BC$, $ CA$, $ AB$ of this triangle. Prove that the area of at least one of the three triangles $ AQR$, $ BRP$, $ CPQ$ is less than or equal to one quarter of the area of triangle $ ABC$. [i]Alternative formulation:[/i] Let $ ABC$ be a triangle, and let $ P$, $ Q$, $ R$ be three points on the segments $ BC$, $ CA$, $ AB$, respectively. Prove that $ \min\left\{\left|AQR\right|,\left|BRP\right|,\left|CPQ\right|\right\}\leq\frac14\cdot\left|ABC\right|$, where the abbreviation $ \left|P_1P_2P_3\right|$ denotes the (non-directed) area of an arbitrary triangle $ P_1P_2P_3$.

Find all real solutions $x$ to the equation $$x =\sqrt{x -\frac{1}{x}} +\sqrt{1 -\frac{1}{x}}$$

The formula for converting a Fahrenheit temperature $F$ to the corresponding Celsius temperature $C$ is $C=\frac{5}{9}(F-32)$. An integer Fahrenheit temperature is converted to Celsius and rounded to the nearest integer; the resulting integer Celsius temperature is converted back to Fahrenheit and rounded to the nearest integer. For how many integer Fahrenheit temperatures $T$ with $32 \leq T \leq 1000$ does the original temperature equal the final temperature?

Alice and Bob play the following game. To start, Alice arranges the numbers $1,2,\ldots,n$ in some order in a row and then Bob chooses one of the numbers and places a pebble on it. A player's [i]turn[/i] consists of picking up and placing the pebble on an adjacent number under the restriction that the pebble can be placed on the number $k$ at most $k$ times. The two players alternate taking turns beginning with Alice. The first player who cannot make a move loses. For each positive integer $n$, determine who has a winning strategy.

Let $ \sigma(S_n,k)$ denote the sum of the $ k$th powers of the lengths of the sides of the convex $ n$-gon $ S_n$ inscribed in a unit circle. Show that for any natural number greater than $ 2$ there exists a real number $ k_0$ between $ 1$ and $ 2$ such that $ \sigma(S_n,k_0)$ attains its maximum for the regular $ n$-gon. [i]L. Fejes Toth[/i]

Post your solutions below! :D [b]Also, I think it is beneficial to everyone if you all attempt to comment on each other's solutions.[/b] 5/1/31. Let $n$ be a positive integer. For integers a, b with $0 \leq a b \leq n - 1$, let $r_n(a, b)$ denote the remainder when $ab$ is divided by $n$. If $S_n$ denotes the sum of all $n^2$ remainders $r_n(a, b)$, prove that $\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\leq \frac{S_n}{n^3} \leq \frac{1}{2}$

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $\angle ABC = 20^{\circ}$ and $\angle ACB = 40^{\circ}$. Let $D$ be a point on $BC$ such that $\angle BAD = \angle DAC$. Let the incircle of triangle $ABC$ touch $BC$ at $E$. Prove that $BD = 2 \cdot CE$.

Given $5$ circumferences, every four of them have a common point. Prove that there exists a point that belongs to all five circumferences.

Find the minimum value of \[|\sin{x} + \cos{x} + \tan{x} + \cot{x} + \sec{x} + \csc{x}|\] for real numbers $x$.

The real sequence $\{a_n|n=0,1,2,3,...\}$ defined $a_0=1$ and \[ a_{n+1}=\frac{1}{2}\left (a_{n}+\frac{1}{3 \cdot a_{n}} \right ). \] Denote \[ A_n=\frac{3}{3 \cdot a_n^2-1}. \] Prove that $A_n$ is a perfect square and it has at least $n$ distinct prime divisors.

Let $n_1,\ldots,n_k$ be positive integers, and define $d_1=1$ and $d_i=\frac{(n_1,\ldots,n_{i-1})}{(n_1,\ldots,n_{i})}$, for $i\in \{2,\ldots,k\}$, where $(m_1,\ldots,m_{\ell})$ denotes the greatest common divisor of the integers $m_1,\ldots,m_{\ell}$. Prove that the sums \[\sum_{i=1}^k a_in_i\] with $a_i\in\{1,\ldots,d_i\}$ for $i\in\{1,\ldots,k\}$ are mutually distinct $\mod n_1$.

Find the largest integer $k$ such that $k$ divides $n^{55} - n$ for all integer $n$.

Suppose $a_1 =\frac16$ and $a_n = a_{n-1} - \frac{1}{n}+ \frac{2}{n + 1} - \frac{1}{n + 2}$ for $n > 1$. Find $a_{100}$.