Find the value of $x$ that satisfies $\log_{3}(\log_9x)=\log_9(\log_3x)$

Assume that $M \subset N$ has the property that every two numbers $m,n$ of $M$ satisfy $|m-n| \ge mn/25$. Prove that the set $M$ contains no more than $9$ elements. Decide whether there exists such set M.

Consider the prime numbers $n_1< n_2 <...< n_{31}$. Prove that if $30$ divides $n_1^4 + n_2^4+...+n_{31}^4$, then among these numbers one can find three consecutive primes.

A convex, closed figure lies inside a given circle. The figure is seen from every point of the circumference at a right angle (that is, the two rays drawn from the point and supporting the convex figure are perpendicular). Prove that the center of the circle is a center of symmetry of the figure.

Are there polynomials $P, Q$ with real coefficients, such that $P(P(x))\cdot Q(Q(x))$ has exactly $2023$ distinct real roots and $P(Q(x)) \cdot Q(P(x))$ has exactly $2024$ distinct real roots?

For any given $k$ points in a plane, we define the diameter of the points as the maximum distance between any two points among the given points. Suppose $n$ points are there in a plane with diameter $d$. Show that we can always find a circle with radius $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}d$ such that all points lie inside the circle.

A game of solitaire is played with $R$ red cards, $W$ white cards, and $B$ blue cards. A player plays all the cards one at a time. With each play he accumulates a penalty. If he plays a blue card, then he is charged a penalty which is the number of white cards still in his hand. If he plays a white card, then he is charged a penalty which is twice the number of red cards still in his hand. If he plays a red card, then he is charged a penalty which is three times the number of blue cards still in his hand. Find, as a function of $R, W,$ and $B,$ the minimal total penalty a player can amass and all the ways in which this minimum can be achieved.

In an isosceles trapezoid, the parallel bases have lengths $\log3$ and $\log192$, and the altitude to these bases has length $\log16$. The perimeter of the trapezoid can be written in the form $\log2^p3^q$, where $p$ and $q$ are positive integers. Find $p+q$.

For given coprime numbers $p > q > 0$, find all pairs of real numbers $c,d$ such that for the sets $$A = \left\{ \left[n\frac{p}{q}\right] , n \in N \right\} \ \ and \ \ B = \{[cn + d], n \in N\}$$ where $A \cap B = \emptyset$, $A \cup B = N$, where $N = \{1, 2, 3, ...\}$ is the set of all natural numbers.

Let $A$ be a non-empty set of positive integers. Suppose that there are positive integers $b_{1}$, $\cdots$, $b_{n}$ and $c_{1}$, $\cdots$, $c_{n}$ such that [list] [*] for each $i$ the set $b_{i}A+c_{i}=\{b_{i}a+c_{i}\vert a \in A \}$ is a subset of $A$, [*] the sets $b_{i}A+c_{i}$ and $b_{j}A+c_{j}$ are disjoint whenever $i \neq j$.[/list] Prove that \[\frac{1}{b_{1}}+\cdots+\frac{1}{b_{n}}\le 1.\]

There are $3n$ $A$s and $2n$ $B$s in a string, where $n$ is a positive integer, prove that you can find a substring in this string that contains $3$ $A$s and $2$ $B$s.

Positive numbers $x, y, z$ are such that the absolute value of the difference of any two of them are less than $2$. Prove that $$ \sqrt{xy +1}+\sqrt{yz + 1}+\sqrt{zx+ 1} > x+ y + z.$$

Let $p \ge 2$ be a prime number and $a \ge 1$ a positive integer with $p \neq a$. Find all pairs $(a,p)$ such that: $a+p \mid a^2+p^2$

Show that for every integer $n \geq 2$ the number $$a=n^{5n-1}+n^{5n-2}+n^{5n-3}+n+1$$ is a composite number.

let $ V$ be a finitive set and $ g$ and $ f$ be two injective surjective functions from $ V$to$ V$.let $ T$ and $ S$ be two sets such that they are defined as following" $ S \equal{} \{w \in V: f(f(w)) \equal{} g(g(w))\}$ $ T \equal{} \{w \in V: f(g(w)) \equal{} g(f(w))\}$ we know that $ S \cup T \equal{} V$, prove: for each $ w \in V : f(w) \in S$ if and only if $ g(w) \in S$

Arthur has a regular 11-gon. He labels the vertices with the letters in $CORONAVIRUS$ in consecutive order. Every non-ordered set of 3 letters that forms an isosceles triangle is a member of a set $S$, i.e. $\{C, O, R\}$ is in $S$. How many elements are in $S$? [i]Proposed by Sammy Chareny[/i]

Find all injective functions $f : N\to N$ such that holds for all natural numbers $n$: $$f(f(n)) \le \frac{f(n) + n}{2}$$

Let $\triangle ABC$ such that $AB=AC$, $D$ and $E$ points on $AB$ and $BC$, respectively, with $DE\parallel AC$. Let $F$ on line $DE$ such that $CADF$ it´s a parallelogram. If $O$ is the circumcenter of $\triangle BDE$, prove that $O,F,A$ and $D$ lie on a circle.

A convex $n$-gon is divided into triangles by diagonals which do not intersect except at vertices of the n-gon. Each vertex belongs to an odd number of triangles. Show that $n$ must be a multiple of $3$.

On the sides $AB$, $BC$ and $CA$ of the isosceles triangle $ABC$ with the vertex at the point $B$ marked the points $M$, $D$ and $K$ respectively so that $AM = 2DC$ and $\angle AMD = \angle KDC$. Prove that $MD = KD$.

a) Let $f,g:\mathbb{Z}\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}$ be one to one maps. Show that the function $h:\mathbb{Z}\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}$ defined by $h(x)=f(x)g(x)$, for all $x\in\mathbb{Z}$, cannot be a surjective function. b) Let $f:\mathbb{Z}\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}$ be a surjective function. Show that there exist surjective functions $g,h:\mathbb{Z}\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}$ such that $f(x)=g(x)h(x)$, for all $x\in\mathbb{Z}$.

What is the sum of real roots of $(x\sqrt{x})^x = x^{x\sqrt{x}}$? $ \textbf{(A)}\ \frac{18}{7} \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ \frac{71}{4} \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ \frac{9}{4} \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ \frac{24}{19} \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \frac{13}{4} $

Find all two-digit numbers $x$ the sum of whose digits is the same as that of $2x$, $3x$, ... , $9x$.

In the plane, there are two circles $\Gamma_1, \Gamma_2$ intersecting each other at two points $A$ and $B$. Tangents of $\Gamma_1$ at $A$ and $B$ meet each other at $K$. Let us consider an arbitrary point $M$ (which is different of $A$ and $B$) on $\Gamma_1$. The line $MA$ meets $\Gamma_2$ again at $P$. The line $MK$ meets $\Gamma_1$ again at $C$. The line $CA$ meets $\Gamma_2 $ again at $Q$. Show that the midpoint of $PQ$ lies on the line $MC$ and the line $PQ$ passes through a fixed point when $M$ moves on $\Gamma_1$. [color=red][Moderator edit: This problem was also discussed on http://www.mathlinks.ro/Forum/viewtopic.php?t=21414 .][/color]

[u]Round 5[/u] [b]5.1.[/b] Julia baked a pie for herself to celebrate pi day this year. If Julia bakes anyone pie on pi day, the following year on pi day she bakes a pie for herself with $1/3$ probability, she bakes her friend a pie with $1/6$ probability, and she doesn't bake anyone a pie with $1/2$ probability. However, if Julia doesn't make pie on pi day, the following year on pi day she bakes a pie for herself with $1/2$ probability, she bakes her friend a pie with $1/3$ probability, and she doesn't bake anyone a pie with $1/6$ probability. The probability that Julia bakes at least $2$ pies on pi day in the next $5$ years can be expressed as $p/q$, for relatively prime positive integers $p$ and $q$. Compute $p + q$. [b]5.2.[/b] Steven is flipping a coin but doesn't want to appear too lucky. If he ips the coin $8$ times, the probability he only gets sequences of consecutive heads or consecutive tails that are of length $4$ or less can be expressed as $p/q$, for relatively prime positive integers $p$ and $q$. Compute $p + q$. [b]5.3.[/b] Let $ABCD$ be a square with side length $3$. Further, let $E$ be a point on side$ AD$, such that $AE = 2$ and $DE = 1$, and let $F$ be the point on side $AB$ such that triangle $CEF$ is right with hypotenuse $CF$. The value $CF^2$ can be expressed as $m/n$ , where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. Compute $m + n$. [u]Round 6[/u] [b]6.1.[/b] Let $P$ be a point outside circle $\omega$ with center $O$. Let $A,B$ be points on circle $\omega$ such that $PB$ is a tangent to $\omega$ and $PA = AB$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of $AB$. Given $OM = 1$, $PB = 3$, the value of $AB^2$ can be expressed as $m/n$ for relatively prime positive integers $m, n$. Find $m + n$. [b]6.2.[/b] Let $a_0, a_1, a_2,...$with each term defined as $a_n = 3a_{n-1} + 5a_{n-2}$ and $a_0 = 0$, $a_1 = 1$. Find the remainder when $a_{2020}$ is divided by $360$. [b]6.3.[/b] James and Charles each randomly pick two points on distinct sides of a square, and they each connect their chosen pair of points with a line segment. The probability that the two line segments intersect can be expressed as $m/n$ for relatively prime positive integers $m, n$. Find $m + n$. [u]Round 7[/u] [b]7.1.[/b] For some positive integers $x, y$ let $g = gcd (x, y)$ and $\ell = lcm (2x, y)$: Given that the equation $xy+3g+7\ell = 168$ holds, find the largest possible value of $2x + y$. [b]7.2.[/b] Marco writes the polynomials $$f(x) = nx^4 +2x^3 +3x^2 +4x+5$$ and $$g(x) = a(x-1)^4 +b(x-1)^3 +6(x-1)^2 + d(x - 1) + e,$$ where $n, a, b, d, e$ are real numbers. He notices that $g(i) = f(i) - |i|$ for each integer $i$ satisfying $-5 \le i \le -1$. Then $n^2$ can be expressed as $p/q$ for relatively prime positive integers $p, q$. Find $p + q$. [b]7.3. [/b]Equilateral $\vartriangle ABC$ is inscribed in a circle with center $O$. Points $D$ and $E$ are chosen on minor arcs $AB$ and $BC$, respectively. Segment $\overline{CD}$ intersects $\overline{AB}$ and $\overline{AE}$ at $Y$ and $X$, respectively. Given that $\vartriangle DXE$ and $\vartriangle AXC$ have equal area, $\vartriangle AXY$ has area $ 1$, and $\vartriangle ABC$ has area $52$, find the area of $\vartriangle BXC$. [u]Round 8[/u] [b]8.[/b] Let $A$ be the number of total webpage visits our website received last month. Let $B$ be the number photos in our photo collection from ABMC onsite 2017. Let $M$ be the mean speed round score. Further, let $C$ be the number of times the letter c appears in our problem bank. Estimate $$A \cdot B + M \cdot C.$$Your answer will be scored according to the following formula, where $X$ is the correct answer and $I$ is your input. $$max \left\{ 0, \left\lceil min \left\{13 - \frac{|I-X|}{0.05 |I|}, 13 - \frac{|I-X|}{0.05 |I-2X|} \right\} \right\rceil \right\}$$ PS. You should use hide for answers. Rounds 1-4 have been posted [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c3h2766251p24226451]here[/url]. Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309]here[/url].