Found problems: 563
Let $ A, B$ and $ C$ be non-collinear points. Prove that there is a unique point $ X$ in the plane of $ ABC$ such that \[ XA^2 \plus{} XB^2 \plus{} AB^2 \equal{} XB^2 \plus{} XC^2 \plus{} BC^2 \equal{} XC^2 \plus{} XA^2 \plus{} CA^2.\]
Let $i = \sqrt{-1}$. The product of the real parts of the roots of $z^2 - z = 5 - 5i$ is
$ \textbf{(A)}\ -25\qquad\textbf{(B)}\ -6\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ -5\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ \frac{1}{4}\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 25 $
Let $ z_1,z_2,z_3\in\mathbb{C} , $ different two by two, having the same modulus $ \rho . $ Show that:
$$ \frac{1}{\left| z_1-z_2\right|\cdot \left| z_1-z_3\right|} +\frac{1}{\left| z_2-z_1\right|\cdot \left| z_2-z_3\right|} +\frac{1}{\left| z_3-z_1\right|\cdot \left| z_3-z_2\right|}\ge\frac{1}{\rho^2} . $$
Let be a real number $ a\in \left[ 2+\sqrt 2,4 \right] . $ Find $ \inf_{\stackrel{z\in\mathbb{C}}{|z|\le 1}} \left| z^2-az+a \right| . $
For a non-empty finite complex number set $A$, define the "[i]Tao root[/i]" of $A$ as $\left|\sum_{z\in A} z \right|$. Given the integer $n\ge 3$, let the set $$U_n = \{\cos\frac{2k \pi}{n}+ i\sin\frac{2k \pi}{n}|k=0,1,...,n-1\}.$$Let $a_n$ be the number of non-empty subsets in which the [i]Tao root [/i] of $U_n$ is $0$ , $b_n$ is the number of non-empty subsets of $U_n$ whose [i]Tao root[/i] is $1$. Compare the sizes of $na_n$ and $2b_n$.
Consider the statements:
$\text{(I)}~~\sqrt{a^2+b^2}=0$
$\text{(II)}~~\sqrt{a^2+b^2}=ab$
$\text{(III)}~~\sqrt{a^2+b^2}=a+b$
$\text{(IV)}~~\sqrt{a^2+b^2}=a-b$,
where we allow $a$ and $b$ to be real or complex numbers. Those statements for which there exist solutions other than $a=0$ and $b=0$ are:
$\text{(A)} \ \text{(I)},\text{(II)},\text{(III)},\text{(IV)} \qquad \text{(B)} \ \text{(II)},\text{(III)},\text{(IV)} \qquad \text{(C)} \ \text{(I)},\text{(III)},\text{(IV)} \qquad \text{(D)} \ \text{(III)},\text{(IV)} \qquad \text{(E)} \ \text{(I)}$
Suppose that for the linear transformation $T:V \longrightarrow V$ where $V$ is a vector space, there is no trivial subspace $W\subset V$ such that $T(W)\subseteq W$. Prove that for every polynomial $p(x)$, the transformation $p(T)$ is invertible or zero.
Let be a natural number $ n\ge 2, $ two complex numbers $ p,q, $ and four matrices $ A,B,C,D\in\mathcal{M}_n(\mathbb{C}) $ such that $ A+B=C+D=pI,AB+CD=qI $ and $ ABCD=0. $ Show that $ BCDA=0. $
[i]Marius Cavachi[/i]
For all odd natural numbers $ n, $ prove that
$$ \left|\sum_{j=0}^{n-1} (a+ib)^j\right|\in\mathbb{Q} , $$
where $ a,b\in\mathbb{Q} $ are two numbers such that $ 1=a^2+b^2. $
Let $w = \frac{\sqrt{3}+i}{2}$ and $z=\frac{-1+i\sqrt{3}}{2}$, where $i=\sqrt{-1}$. Find the number of ordered pairs $(r, s)$ of positive integers not exceeding $100$ that satisfy the equation $i\cdot w^r=z^s$.
The complex numbers $\alpha_1$, $\alpha_2$, $\alpha_3$, and $\alpha_4$ are the four distinct roots of the equation $x^4+2x^3+2=0$. Determine the unordered set \[\{\alpha_1\alpha_2+\alpha_3\alpha_4,\alpha_1\alpha_3+\alpha_2\alpha_4,\alpha_1\alpha_4+\alpha_2\alpha_3\}.\]
Each point of the plane with two integer coordinates is the center of a disk with radius $ \frac {1} {1000}$.
Prove that there exists an equilateral triangle whose vertices belong to distinct disks.
Prove that such a triangle has side-length greater than 96.
Consider the set $D$ of all complex numbers of the form $a+b\sqrt{-13}$ with $a,b \in Z$. The number $14 = 14+0\sqrt{-13}$ can be written as a product of two elements of $D$: $14 = 2 \cdot 7$. Find all possible ways to express $14$ as a product of two elements of $D$.
Let $ABC$ be a triangle. Let $\Omega$ be the brocard point. Prove that $\left(\frac{A\Omega}{BC}\right)^2+\left(\frac{B\Omega}{AC}\right)^2+\left(\frac{C\Omega}{AB}\right)^2\ge 1$
Determine all real values of $A$ for which there exist distinct complex numbers $x_1$, $x_2$ such that the following three equations hold:
\begin{align*}x_1(x_1+1)&=A\\x_2(x_2+1)&=A\\x_1^4+3x_1^3+5x_1&=x_2^4+3x_2^3+5x_2.\end{align*}
What is the maximum of $|z^3 -z+2|$, where $z$ is a complex number with $|z|=1?$
We consider a natural number $n$, $n \geq 2$ and the matrices
\begin{tabular}{cc}
$A= \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 & \cdots & n\\ n & 1 & 2 & \cdots & n - 1\\ n - 1 & n & 1 & \cdots & n - 2\\ \cdots & \cdots & \cdots & \cdots & \cdots\\2 & 3 & 4 & \cdots & 1 \end{pmatrix}$
\end{tabular}
Show that$$\epsilon^ndet\left(I_n-A^{2n}\right)+\epsilon^{n-1}det\left(\epsilon I_n-A^{2n}\right)+\epsilon^{n-2}det\left(\epsilon^2 I_n-A^{2n}\right)+\cdots +det\left(\epsilon^n I_n-A^{2n}\right)$$ $$=n(-1)^{n-1}\left[\frac{n^n(n+1)}{2}\right]^{2n^2-4n}\left(1+(n+1)^{2n}\left(2n+(-1)^n{{2n}\choose{n}}\right)\right)$$where $\epsilon \in \mathbb{C}\backslash \mathbb{R}$, $\epsilon^{n+1}=1$
If $S$ is the set of points $z$ in the complex plane such that $(3+4i)z$ is a real number, then $S$ is a
$ \textbf{(A)}\text{ right triangle}\qquad\textbf{(B)}\text{ circle}\qquad\textbf{(C)}\text{ hyperbola}\qquad\textbf{(D)}\text{ line}\qquad\textbf{(E)}\text{ parabola} $
Let $ ABCDE$ be a convex pentagon. If $ P$, $ Q$, $ R$ and $ S$ are the respective centroids of the triangles $ ABE$, $ BCE$, $ CDE$ and $ DAE$, show that $ PQRS$ is a parallelogram and its area is $ 2/9$ of that of $ ABCD$.
Given a regular $n$-gon inscribed in a circle of radius 1, where $n > 3$.
Define $G(n)$ as the average length of the diagonals of this $n$-gon.
Prove that if $n \rightarrow \infty, G(n) \rightarrow \frac{4}{\pi}$.
Let $ f$ be an entire function on $ \mathbb C$ and $ \omega_1,\omega_2$ are complex numbers such that $ \frac {\omega_1}{\omega_2}\in{\mathbb C}\backslash{\mathbb Q}$. Prove that if for each $ z\in \mathbb C$, $ f(z) \equal{} f(z \plus{} \omega_1) \equal{} f(z \plus{} \omega_2)$ then $ f$ is constant.
Let $P(z)=a_d z^d+\dots+ a_1z+a_0$ be a polynomial with complex coefficients. The $reverse$ of $P$ is defined by
$$P^*(z)=\overline{a_0}z^d+\overline{a_1}z^{d-1}+\dots+\overline{a_d}$$
(a) Prove that
$$P^*(z)=z^d \overline{ P\left( \frac{1}{\overline{z}} \right) } $$
(b) Let $m$ be a positive integer and let $q(z)$ be a monic nonconstant polynomial with complex coefficients. Suppose that all roots of $q(z)$ lie inside or on the unit circle. Prove that all roots of the polynomial
$$Q(z)=z^m q(z)+ q^*(z)$$
lie on the unit circle.
Let $z\ne0$ be a complex number such that $z^8=\overline z$. What are the possible values of $z^{2001}$?
Let $ S_{\nu}\equal{}\sum_{j\equal{}1}^n b_jz_j^{\nu} \;(\nu\equal{}0,\pm 1, \pm 2 ,...) $, where the $ b_j$ are arbitrary and the $ z_j$ are nonzero complex numbers . Prove that \[ |S_0| \leq n \max_{0<|\nu| \leq n} |S_{\nu}|.\]
[i]G. Halasz[/i]
$z$ is a complex number and $|z|=1$ and $z^2\ne1$. Then $\frac z{1-z^2}$ lies on
$\textbf{(A)}~\text{a line not through origin}$
$\textbf{(B)}~\text{|z|=2}$
$\textbf{(C)}~x-\text{axis}$
$\textbf{(D)}~y-\text{axis}$