Olympiad problems

2007 Thailand Mathematical Olympiad, 8

Let $x_1, x_2,... , x_{84}$ be the roots of the equation $x^{84} + 7x - 6 = 0$. Compute $\sum_{k=1}^{84} \frac{x_k}{x_k-1}$.

2013 Tournament of Towns, 2

Tags: number theory , consecutive , sum , product

A math teacher chose $10$ consequtive numbers and submitted them to Pete and Basil. Each boy should split these numbers in pairs and calculate the sum of products of numbers in pairs. Prove that the boys can pair the numbers differently so that the resulting sums are equal.

2021 Austrian Junior Regional Competition, 1

Tags: algebra , sum , cool , easy

The pages of a notebook are numbered consecutively so that the numbers $1$ and $2$ are on the second sheet, numbers $3$ and $4$, and so on. A sheet is torn out of this notebook. All of the remaining page numbers are addedand have sum $2021$. (a) How many pages could the notebook originally have been? (b) What page numbers can be on the torn sheet? (Walther Janous)

1990 Swedish Mathematical Competition, 1

Tags: number theory , sum , divisor

Let $d_1, d_2, ... , d_k$ be the positive divisors of $n = 1990!$. Show that $\sum \frac{d_i}{\sqrt{n}} = \sum \frac{\sqrt{n}}{d_i}$.

2020 Durer Math Competition Finals, 4

Tags: sum , combinatorics

Endre wrote $n$ (not necessarily distinct) integers on a paper. Then for each of the $2^n$ subsets, Kelemen wrote their sum on the blackboard. a) For which values of $n$ is it possible that two different $n$-tuples give the same numbers on the blackboard? b) Prove that if Endre only wrote positive integers on the paper and Ferenc only sees the numbers on the blackboard, then he can determine which integers are on the paper.

1988 All Soviet Union Mathematical Olympiad, 482

Tags: algebra , sum , combinatorics

Let $m, n, k$ be positive integers with $m \ge n$ and $1 + 2 + ... + n = mk$. Prove that the numbers $1, 2, ... , n$ can be divided into $k$ groups in such a way that the sum of the numbers in each group equals $m$.

1992 Chile National Olympiad, 2

Tags: number theory , algebra , sum

For a finite set of naturals $(C)$, the product of its elements is going to be noted $P(C)$. We are going to define $P (\phi) = 1$. Calculate the value of the expression $$\sum_{C \subseteq \{1,2,...,n\}} \frac{1}{P(C)}$$

2015 Caucasus Mathematical Olympiad, 4

Tags: number theory , sum , prime number , consecutive

We call a number greater than $25$, [i] semi-prime[/i] if it is the sum of some two different prime numbers. What is the greatest number of consecutive natural numbers that can be [i]semi-prime[/i]?

2019 Saudi Arabia JBMO TST, 5

Tags: algebra , number theory , sum

Let non-integer real numbers $a, b,c,d$ are given, such that the sum of each $3$ of them is integer. May it happen that $ab + cd$ is an integer.

2014 Greece JBMO TST, 3

Tags: number theory , consecutive , sum , multiple

Give are the integers $a_{1}=11 , a_{2}=1111, a_{3}=111111, ... , a_{n}= 1111...111$( with $2n$ digits) with $n > 8$ . Let $q_{i}= \frac{a_{i}}{11} , i= 1,2,3, ... , n$ the remainder of the division of $a_{i}$ by$ 11$ . Prove that the sum of nine consecutive quotients: $s_{i}=q_{i}+q_{i+1}+q_{i+2}+ ... +q_{i+8}$ is a multiple of $9$ for any $i= 1,2,3, ... , (n-8)$

2018 Abels Math Contest (Norwegian MO) Final, 4

Tags: algebra , sum , binomial , functional equation

Find all polynomials $P$ such that $P(x) + \binom{2018}{2}P(x+2)+...+\binom{2018}{2106}P(x+2016)+P(x+2018)=$ $=\binom{2018}{1}P(x+1)+\binom{2018}{3}P(x+3)+...+\binom{2018}{2105}P(x+2015)+\binom{2018}{2107}P(x+2017)$ for all real numbers $x$.

2016 Switzerland - Final Round, 7

Tags: sum , combinatorics

There are $2n$ distinct points on a circle. The numbers $1$ through $2n$ are randomly assigned to this one points distributed. Each point is connected to exactly one other point, so that no of the resulting connecting routes intersect. If a segment connects the numbers $a$ and $b$, so we assign the value $ |a - b|$ to the segment . Show that we can choose the routes such that the sum of these values results $n^2$.

2021 Austrian MO Beginners' Competition, 1

Tags: sum , cool , easy , algebra

The pages of a notebook are numbered consecutively so that the numbers $1$ and $2$ are on the second sheet, numbers $3$ and $4$, and so on. A sheet is torn out of this notebook. All of the remaining page numbers are addedand have sum $2021$. (a) How many pages could the notebook originally have been? (b) What page numbers can be on the torn sheet? (Walther Janous)

2020 Vietnam Team Selection Test, 1

Tags: algebra , sum , min

Given that $n> 2$ is a positive integer and a sequence of positive integers $a_1 <a_2 <...<a_n$. In the subsets of the set $\{1,2,..., n\} $, there a subset $X$ such that $| \sum_{i \notin X} a_i -\sum_{i \in X} a_i |$ is the smallest . Prove that there exists a sequence of positive integers $0<b_1 <b_2 <...<b_n$ such that $\sum_{i \notin X} b_i= \sum_{i \in X} b_i$. In case this doesn't make sense, have a look at [url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xoBhJlG0xHwn6zAAA7AZDoaAqzZue-73/view]original wording in Vietnamese[/url].

2013 Estonia Team Selection Test, 3

Tags: inequalities , algebra , sum

Let $x_1,..., x_n$ be non-negative real numbers, not all of which are zeros. (i) Prove that $$1 \le \frac{\left(x_1+\frac{x_2}{2}+\frac{x_3}{3}+...+\frac{x_n}{n}\right)(x_1+2x_2+3x_3+...+nx_n)}{(x_1+x_2+x_3+...+x_n)^2} \le \frac{(n+1)^2}{4n}$$ (ii) Show that, for each $n > 1$, both inequalities can hold as equalities.

2018 Hanoi Open Mathematics Competitions, 7

Tags: power of 2 , sum , max , number theory

Some distinct positive integers were written on a blackboard such that the sum of any two integers is a power of $2$. What is the maximal possible number written on the blackboard?

2019 Dutch Mathematical Olympiad, 4

Tags: inequalities , fibonacci sequence , fibonacci , sum , algebra

The sequence of Fibonacci numbers $F_0, F_1, F_2, . . .$ is defined by $F_0 = F_1 = 1 $ and $F_{n+2} = F_n+F_{n+1}$ for all $n > 0$. For example, we have $F_2 = F_0 + F_1 = 2, F_3 = F_1 + F_2 = 3, F_4 = F_2 + F_3 = 5$, and $F_5 = F_3 + F_4 = 8$. The sequence $a_0, a_1, a_2, ...$ is defined by $a_n =\frac{1}{F_nF_{n+2}}$ for all $n \ge 0$. Prove that for all $m \ge 0$ we have: $a_0 + a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_m < 1$.

2011 German National Olympiad, 4

Tags: geometry , point , set , angle , maximal , sum

There are two points $A$ and $B$ in the plane. a) Determine the set $M$ of all points $C$ in the plane for which $|AC|^2 +|BC|^2 = 2\cdot|AB|^2.$ b) Decide whether there is a point $C\in M$ such that $\angle ACB$ is maximal and if so, determine this angle.

1998 North Macedonia National Olympiad, 2

Tags: algebra , combinatorics , set , partition , sum

Prove that the numbers $1,2,...,1998$ cannot be separated into three classes whose sums of elements are divisible by $2000,3999$, and $5998$, respectively.

2011 Junior Balkan Team Selection Tests - Romania, 4

Tags: algebra , rational , sum

Let $k$ and $n$ be integer numbers with $2 \le k \le n - 1$. Consider a set $A$ of $n$ real numbers such that the sum of any $k$ distinct elements of $A$ is a rational number. Prove that all elements of the set $A$ are rational numbers.

1988 Tournament Of Towns, (167) 4

Tags: combinatorics , chessboard , sum

The numbers from $1$ to $64$ are written on the squares of a chessboard (from $1$ to $8$ from left to right on the first row , from $9$ to $16$ from left to right on the second row , and so on). Pluses are written before some of the numbers, and minuses are written before the remaining numbers in such a way that there are $4$ pluses and $4$ minuses in each row and in each column . Prove that the sum of the written numbers is equal to zero.

1956 Moscow Mathematical Olympiad, 336

Tags: sum , combinatorics , algebra

$64$ non-negative numbers whose sum equals $1956$ are arranged in a square table, eight numbers in each row and each column. The sum of the numbers on the two longest diagonals is equal to $112$. The numbers situated symmetrically with respect to any of the longest diagonals are equal. (a) Prove that the sum of numbers in any column is less than $1035$. (b) Prove that the sum of numbers in any row is less than $518$.

2005 Thailand Mathematical Olympiad, 18

Tags: trigonometry , algebra , sum

Compute the sum $$\sum_{k=0}^{1273}\frac{1}{1 + tan^{2548}\left(\frac{k\pi}{2548}\right)}$$

1960 Kurschak Competition, 2

Tags: number theory , integer , sum

Let $a_1 = 1, a_2, a_3,...$: be a sequence of positive integers such that $$a_k < 1 + a_1 + a_2 +... + a_{k-1}$$ for all $k > 1$. Prove that every positive integer can be expressed as a sum of $a_i$s.

2020 Greece JBMO TST, 4

Tags: inequalities , algebra , sum , product , min

Let $A$ and $B$ be two non-empty subsets of $X = \{1, 2, . . . , 8 \}$ with $A \cup B = X$ and $A \cap B = \emptyset$. Let $P_A$ be the product of all elements of $A$ and let $P_B$ be the product of all elements of $B$. Find the minimum possible value of sum $P_A +P_B$. PS. It is a variation of [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6h2267998p17621980]JBMO Shortlist 2019 A3 [/url]