Let $M$ be the intersection point of the medians $AD$ and $BE$ of a right triangle $ABC$ ($\angle C=90^\circ$),\linebreak $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ be the circumcircles of triangles $AEM$ and $CDM.$ It is known that the circles $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ are tangent. Find the ratio in which the circle $\omega_1$ divides $AB.$

A circle inscribed in triangle $ABC$ touches $BC$ at point $K$, $M$ is the midpoint of the altitude drawn on $BC$. The straight line $KM$ intersects the circle inscribed in $ABC$ for the second time at point $P$. Prove that the circle passing through $B$, $C$ and $P$ touches the circle inscribed in triangle $ABC$.

Let $AB$ be an arbitrary chord of the circle $(O)$. Two circles $(X)$ and $(Y )$ are on the same side of the chord $AB$ such that they are both internally tangent to $(O)$ and they are tangent to $AB$ at $C,D$ respectively, $C$ is between $A$ and $D$. Let $H$ be the intersection of $XY$ and $AB, M$ the midpoint of arc $AB$ not containing $X$ and $Y$ . Let $HM$ meet $(O)$ again at $I$. Let $IX, IY$ intersect $AB$ again at $K, J$. Prove that the circumcircle of triangle $IKJ$ is tangent to $(O)$. Nguyễn Văn Linh

On a line $\ell$ there exists $3$ points $A, B$, and $C$ where $B$ is located between $A$ and $C$. Let $\Gamma_1, \Gamma_2, \Gamma_3$ be circles with $AC, AB$, and $BC$ as diameter respectively; $BD$ is a segment, perpendicular to $\ell$ with $D$ on $\Gamma_1$. Circles $\Gamma_4, \Gamma_5, \Gamma_6$ and $\Gamma_7$ satisfies the following conditions: $\bullet$ $\Gamma_4$ touches $\Gamma_1, \Gamma_2$, and$ BD$. $\bullet$ $\Gamma_5$ touches $\Gamma_1, \Gamma_3$, and $BD$. $\bullet$ $\Gamma_6$ touches $\Gamma_1$ internally, and touches $\Gamma_2$ and $\Gamma_3$ externally. $\bullet$ $\Gamma_7$ passes through $B$ and the tangent points of $\Gamma_2$ with $\Gamma_6$, and $\Gamma_3$ with $\Gamma_6$. Show that the circles $\Gamma_4, \Gamma_5$, and $\Gamma_7$ are congruent.

Let $A, B, C$ be centers of three circles that are mutually tangent externally, let $r_A, r_B, r_C$ be the radii of the circles, respectively. Let $r$ be the radius of the incircle of $\vartriangle ABC$. Prove that $$r^2 \le \frac19 (r_A^2 + r_B^2+r_C^2)$$ and identify, with justification, one case where the equality is attained.

Three circles that touch each other externally have all their centers on one fourth circle with radius $R$. Show that the total area of the three circle disks is smaller than $4\pi R^2$.

Two circles $S_1$ and $S_2$ touch externally at $F$. their external common tangent touches $S_1$ at $A$ and $S_2$ at $B$. A line, parallel to $AB$ and tangent to $S_2$ at $C$, intersects $S_1$ at $D$ and $E$. Prove that points $A,F,C$ are collinear. (A. Kalinin)

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with right angle $ACB$. Denote by $F$ the projection of $C$ on $AB$. A circle $\omega$ touches $FB$ at point $P$, touches $CF$ at point $Q$, and the circumcircle of $ABC$ at point $R$. Prove that the points $A, Q, R$ all lie on the same line and $AP=AC$.

Let $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ be two circles that tangents each other at point $N$, with $\Gamma_2$ located inside $\Gamma_1$. Let $A, B, C$ be distinct points on $\Gamma_1$ such that $AB$ and $AC$ tangents $\Gamma_2$ at $D$ and $E$, respectively. Line $ND$ cuts $\Gamma_1$ again at $K$, and line $CK$ intersects line $DE$ at $I$. (i) Prove that $CK$ is the angle bisector of $\angle ACB$. (ii) Prove that $IECN$ and $IBDN$ are cyclic quadrilaterals.

Let $ABC$ be a triangle and let the points $D, E$ be on the rays $AB$, $AC$ such that $BCED$ is cyclic. Prove that the following two statements are equivalent: $\bullet$ There is a point $X$ on the circumcircle of $ABC$ such that $BDX$, $CEX$ are tangent to each other. $\bullet$ $AB \cdot AD \le 4R^2$, where $R$ is the radius of the circumcircle of $ABC$.

Four cones are given with a common vertex and the same generatrix, but with, generally speaking, different radii of the bases. Each of them is tangent to two others. Prove that the four tangent points of the circles of the bases of the cones lie on the same circle.

As shown in the figure, $\odot O$ is the circumcircle of $\vartriangle ABC$, $\odot J$ is inscribed in $\odot O$ and is tangent to $AB$, $AC$ at points $D$ and E respectively, line segment $FG$ and $\odot O$ are tangent to point $A$, and $AF =AG=AD$, the circumscribed circle of $\vartriangle AFB$ intersects $\odot J$ at point $S$. Prove that the circumscribed circle of $\vartriangle ASG$ is tangent to $\odot J$. [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/a/a/62d44e071ea9903ebdd68b43943ba1d93b4138.png[/img]

The altitudes of the acute-angled triangle $ABC$ intersect at the point $H$. On the segments $BH$ and $CH$, the points $B_1$ and $C_1$ are marked, respectively, so that $B_1C_1 \parallel BC$. It turned out that the center of the circle $\omega$ circumscribed around the triangle $B_1HC_1$ lies on the line $BC$. Prove that the circle $\Gamma$, which is circumscribed around the triangle $ABC$, is tangent to the circle $\omega$ .

A triangle $ABC$ is inscribed in the circle $(O,R)$. A circle $(O',R')$ is internally tangent to $(O)$ at $I$ such that $R < R'$. $P$ is a point on the circle $(O)$. Rays $PA, PB, PC$ meet $(O')$ at $A_1,B_1,C_1$. Let $A_2B_2C_2$ be the triangle formed by the intersections of the line symmetric to $B_1C_1$ about $BC$, the line symmetric to $C_1A_1$ about $CA$ and the line symmetric to $A_1B_1$ about $AB$. Prove that the circumcircle of $A_2B_2C_2$ is tangent to $(O)$. Nguyễn Văn Linh

Three circles $C_1$, $C_2$, $C_3$ in the plane touch each other (in three different points). Connect the common point of $C_1$ and $C_2$ with the other two common points by straight lines. Show that these lines meet $C_3$ in diametrically opposite points.

Let $ABCD$ be a cyclic quadrilateral. The point $P$ is chosen on the line $AB$ such that the circle passing through $C,D$ and $P$ touches the line $AB$. Similarly, the point $Q$ is chosen on the line $CD$ such that the circle passing through $A,B$ and $Q$ touches the line $CD$. Prove that the distance between $P$ and the line $CD$ equals the distance between $Q$ and $AB$.

In the figure shown, the small circles have radius $1$. Calculate the area of the gray part of the figure. [img]https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oy-WirJ6u9o/XzcFc3roVDI/AAAAAAAAMX8/qxNy5I_0RWUOxl-ZE52fnrwo0v0T7If9QCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/1998%2BMohr%2Bp1.png[/img]

Given triangle $ABC$. Lines $AL_a$ and $AM_a$ are the internal and the external bisectrix of angle $A$. Let $\omega_a$ be the reflection of the circumcircle of $\triangle AL_aM_a$ in the midpoint of $BC$. Circle $\omega_b$ is defined similarly. Prove that $\omega_a$ and $\omega_b$ touch if and only if $\triangle ABC$ is right-angled.

Let $ABC$ be an acute, non isosceles triangle, $AX, BY, CZ$ are the altitudes with $X, Y, Z$ belong to $BC, CA,AB$ respectively. Respectively denote $(O_1), (O_2), (O_3)$ as the circumcircles of triangles $AY Z, BZX, CX Y$ . Suppose that $(K)$ is a circle that internal tangent to $(O_1), (O_2), (O_3)$. Prove that $(K)$ is tangent to circumcircle of triangle $ABC$.

A line $l$ intersects the segment $AB$ perpendicular to $C$. Three circles are drawn successively with $AB, AC$ and $BC$ as the diameter. The largest circle intersects $l$ in $D$. The segments $DA$ and $DB$ still intersect the two smaller circles in $E$ and $F$. a. Prove that quadrilateral $CFDE$ is a rectangle. b. Prove that the line through $E$ and $F$ touches the circles with diameters $AC$ and $BC$ in $E$ and $F$. [asy] unitsize (2.5 cm); pair A, B, C, D, E, F, O; O = (0,0); A = (-1,0); B = (1,0); C = (-0.3,0); D = intersectionpoint(C--(C + (0,1)), Circle(O,1)); E = (C + reflect(A,D)*(C))/2; F = (C + reflect(B,D)*(C))/2; draw(Circle(O,1)); draw(Circle((A + C)/2, abs(A - C)/2)); draw(Circle((B + C)/2, abs(B - C)/2)); draw(A--B); draw(interp(C,D,-0.4)--D); draw(A--D--B); dot("$A$", A, W); dot("$B$", B, dir(0)); dot("$C$", C, SE); dot("$D$", D, NW); dot("$E$", E, SE); dot("$F$", F, SW); [/asy]

$ABCD$ is inscribed in unit circle $\Gamma$. Let $\Omega_1$, $\Omega_2$ be the circumcircles of $\vartriangle ABD$, $\vartriangle CBD$ respectively. Circles $\Omega_1$, $\Omega_2$ are tangent to segment $BD$ at $M$,$N$ respectively. Line A$M$ intersects $\Gamma$, $\Omega_1$ again at points $X_1$,$X_2$ respectively (different from $A$, $M$). Let $\omega_1$ be the circle passing through $X_1$, $X_2$ and tangent to $\Omega_1$. Line $CN$ intersects $\Gamma$, $\Omega_2$ again at points $Y_1$, $Y_2$ respectively (different from $C$, $N$). Let $\omega_2$ be the circle passing through $Y_1$, $Y_2$ and tangent to $\Omega_2$. Circles $\Omega_1$,$\Omega_2$, $\omega_1$, $\omega_2$ have radii $R_1$, $R_2$, $r_1$, $r_2$ respectively. Prove that $$r_1+r_2-R_1-R_2=1.$$ [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/1/5/70471f2419fadc4b2183f5fe74f0c7a2e69ed4.png[/img] [url=https://www.geogebra.org/m/vxx8ghww]geogebra file[/url]

Tangents drawn to the circumscribed circle of an acute-angled triangle $ABC$ at points $A$ and $C$, intersect at point $Z$. Let $AA_1, CC_1$ be altitudes. Line $A_1C_1$ intersects $ZA, ZC$ at points $X$ and $Y$, respectively. Prove that the circumscribed circles of the triangles $ABC$ and $XYZ$ are tangent.

Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with $AB > AC$. Let $\Gamma $ be its circumcircle, $H$ its orthocenter, and $F$ the foot of the altitude from $A$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$. Let $Q$ be the point on $\Gamma$ such that $\angle HQA = 90^{\circ}$ and let $K$ be the point on $\Gamma$ such that $\angle HKQ = 90^{\circ}$. Assume that the points $A$, $B$, $C$, $K$ and $Q$ are all different and lie on $\Gamma$ in this order. Prove that the circumcircles of triangles $KQH$ and $FKM$ are tangent to each other. Proposed by Ukraine

The figure shows a $60^o$ angle in which are placed $2007$ numbered circles (only the first three are shown in the figure). The circles are numbered according to size. The circles are tangent to the sides of the angle and to each other as shown. Circle number one has radius $1$. Determine the radius of circle number $2007$. [img]https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1bsLIXZpol4/Xzb-Nk6ospI/AAAAAAAAMWk/jrx1zVYKbNELTWlDQ3zL9qc_22b2IJF6QCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/2007%2BMohr%2Bp4.png[/img]

In a right-angled triangle, $a$ and $b$ denote the lengths of the two catheti. A circle with radius $r$ has the center on the hypotenuse and touches both catheti. Show that $\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{r}$.