Found problems: 85335
In an international meeting of $n \geq 3$ participants, 14 languages are spoken. We know that:
- Any 3 participants speak a common language.
- No language is spoken more that by the half of the participants.
What is the least value of $n$?
Let $P, Q$ be points taken on the side $BC$ of a triangle $ABC$, in the order $B, P, Q, C$. Let the circumcircles of $\vartriangle PAB$, $\vartriangle QAC$ intersect at $M$ ($\ne A$) and those of $\vartriangle PAC, \vartriangle QAB$ at N. Prove that $A, M, N$ are collinear if and only if $P$ and $Q$ are symmetric in the midpoint $A' $ of $BC$.
Let $P_1$ be a convex polyhedron with vertices $A_1,A_2,\ldots,A_9$. Let $P_i$ be the polyhedron obtained from $P_1$ by a translation that moves $A_1$ to $A_i$. Prove that at least two of the polyhedra $P_1,P_2,\ldots,P_9$ have an interior point in common.
Initially an urn contains 100 black marbles and 100 white marbles. Repeatedly, three marbles are removed from the urn and replaced from a pile outside the urn as follows:
\[
\begin{tabular}{ccc}
\textbf{\underline{MARBLES REMOVED}} & & \textbf{\underline{REPLACED WITH}} \\
3 black & & 1 black \\
2 black, 1 white & &1 black, 1 white\\
1 black, 2 white & & 2 white \\
3 white & & 1 black, 1 white
\end{tabular}
\]
Which of the following sets of marbles could be the contents of the urn after repeated applications of this procedure?
$ \textbf{(A)}\ \text{2 black marbles} $
$\textbf{(B)}\ \text{2 white marbles} $
$\textbf{(C)}\ \text{1 black marble} $
$\textbf{(D)}\ \text{1 black and 1 white marble} $
$\textbf{(E)}\ \text{1 white marble} $
The perpendicular bisector to side $AC$ of triangle $ABC$ intersects side $BC$ at point $M$ (see fig.). The bisector of angle $\angle AMB$ intersects the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$ at point $K$. Prove that the line passing through the centers of the inscribed circles triangles $AKM$ and $BKM$, perpendicular to the bisector of angle $\angle AKB$.
[img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/b/4/b53ec7df0643a90b835f142d99c417a2a1dd45.png[/img]
In how many ways can you color the six sides of a cube in black or white? (Do note that the cube is unchanged when rotated?)
A. 7
B. 10
C. 20
D. 30
E. 36
For positive real numbers $a, b$ and $c$, prove that
$$\frac{a^3}{a^2 + ab + b^2} +\frac{b^3}{b^2 + bc + c^2} +\frac{c^3}{ c^2 + ca + a^2} \ge\frac{ a + b + c}{3}$$
Among families in a neighborhood in the city of Chimoio, a total of $144$ notebooks, $192$ pencils and $216$ erasers were distributed. This distribution was made so that the largest possible number of families was covered and everyone received the same number of each material, without having any leftovers. In this case, how many notebooks, pencils and erasers did each family receive?
Prove that if $a,b,c$ are the lengths of the sides of a triangle, then
$\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c} \leq \frac{1}{a+b-c}+\frac{1}{c+a-b}+\frac{1}{b+c-a}$.
$ABCD$ is a rectangle. $I$ is the midpoint of $CD$. $BI$ meets $AC$ at $M$. Show that the line $DM$ passes through the midpoint of $BC$. $E$ is a point outside the rectangle such that $AE = BE$ and $\angle AEB = 90^o$. If $BE = BC = x$, show that $EM$ bisects $\angle AMB$. Find the area of $AEBM$ in terms of $x$.
If $p$ is an odd prime, prove that \[{k \choose p}\equiv \left\lfloor \frac{k}{p}\right\rfloor \pmod{p}.\]
Find all triplets of real numbers $(x, y, z)$ that satisfies the system of equations
$x^5 = 2y^3 + y - 2$
$y^5 = 2z^3 + z - 2$
$z^5 = 2x^3 + x - 2$
Given a quadrilateral $ABCD$ with $\angle ABC = \angle ADC$. Let $BM$ be the altitude of the triangle $ABC$, and $M$ belongs to $AC$. Point $M'$ is marked on the diagonal $AC$ so that $$\frac{AM \cdot CM'}{ AM' \cdot CM}= \frac{AB \cdot CD }{ BC \cdot AD}$$ Prove that the intersection point of $DM'$ and $BM$ coincides with the orthocenter of the triangle $ABC$.
(M. Zhikhovich)
How many multiples of $20$ are also divisors of $17!$?
Let $A_1A_2...A_{2018}$ be regular $2018$-gon. Radius of it's circumcircle is $R$. Prove that:
$$A_1A_{1008}-A_1A_{1006}+A_1A_{1004}-A_1A_{1002} + ... + A_1A_4 -A_1A_2=R$$
$p$ is an odd prime number. Find all $\frac{p-1}2$-tuples $\left(x_1,x_2,\dots,x_{\frac{p-1}2}\right)\in \mathbb{Z}_p^{\frac{p-1}2}$ such that
$$\sum_{i = 1}^{\frac{p-1}{2}} x_{i} \equiv \sum_{i = 1}^{\frac{p-1}{2}} x_{i}^{2} \equiv \cdots \equiv \sum_{i = 1}^{\frac{p-1}{2}} x_{i}^{\frac{p - 1}{2}} \pmod p.$$
[i]Proposed by Ali Partofard[/i]
Humberto and Luciano use the break between classes to have fun with the following game: Humberto writes a list of distinct positive integers on a green sheet of paper and hands it to Luciano. Luciano then writes on a board all the possible sums, without repetitions, of one or more different numbers written on the green sheet. For example, if Humberto writes $1$, $3$ and $4$ on the green sheet, Luciano will write $1$, $3$, $4$, $5$, $7$ and $8$ on the board.
(a) Let $n$ be a positive integer. Determine all positive integers $k$ such that Humberto can write a list of $n$ numbers on the green sheet in order to guarantee that Luciano will write exactly $k$ numbers on the board.
(b) Luciano now decides to write a list of $m$ distinct positive integers on a yellow sheet of paper. Determine the smallest positive integer $m$ such that it is possible for Luciano to write this list so that, for any list that Humberto writes on the green sheet, with a maximum of $2023$ numbers, not all the numbers on the yellow sheet will be written on the board.
Given real numbers $x_i,y_i (i=1,2,\ldots ,n)$, let $A$ be the $n\times n$ matrix given by $a_{ij}=1$ if $x_i\ge y_j$ and $a_{ij}=0$ otherwise. Suppose $B$ is a $n\times n$ matrix whose entries are $0$ and $1$ such that the sum of entries in any row or column of $B$ equals the sum of entries in the corresponding row or column of $A$. Prove that $B=A$.
The non-regular hexagon $ABCDEF$ is inscribed on a circle of center $O$ and $AB = CD = EF$. If diagonals $AC$ and $BD$ intersect at $M$, diagonals $CE$ and $DF$ intersect at $N$, and diagonals $AE$ and $BF$ intersect at $K$, show that the heights of triangle $MNK$ intersect at $O$.
Let $P(x)$ be a polynomial with rational coefficients such that $P(n)$ is integer for all
integers $n$. Moreover: $gcd(P(1), \ldots , P(k), \ldots) = 1$. Prove that every integer $k$ can be represented
in infinitely many ways of the form
$\pm P(1) \pm P(2) \pm \ldots \pm P(m)$,
for some positive integer $m$ and certain choices of $\pm$.
The roots of $x^3 + 2x^2 - x + 3$ are $p, q,$ and $r.$ What is the value of \[(p^2 + 4)(q^2 + 4)(r^2 + 4)?\]
$\textbf{(A) } 64 \qquad \textbf{(B) } 75 \qquad \textbf{(C) } 100 \qquad \textbf{(D) } 125 \qquad \textbf{(E) } 144$
Let $G$ be the centroid of a right-angled triangle $ABC$ with $\angle BCA = 90^\circ$. Let $P$ be the point on ray $AG$ such that $\angle CPA = \angle CAB$, and let $Q$ be the point on ray $BG$ such that $\angle CQB = \angle ABC$. Prove that the circumcircles of triangles $AQG$ and $BPG$ meet at a point on side $AB$.
Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $AB>AC$. Let $D$ be a point on side $AB$ such that $BD=AC$. Consider the circle $\gamma$ passing through point $D$ and tangent to side $AC$ at point $A$. Consider the circumscribed circle $\omega$ of the triangle $ABC$ that interesects the circle $\gamma$ at points $A$ and $E$. Prove that point $E$ is the intersection point of the perpendicular bisectors of line segments $BC$ and $AD$.
If $a!+\left(a+2\right)!$ divides $\left(a+4\right)!$ for some nonnegative integer $a$, what are all possible values of $a$?
[i]2019 CCA Math Bonanza Individual Round #8[/i]
Prove that the equation
\[y^3=x^2+5\]
doesn't have any solutions in $Z$.