Found problems: 85335
Let $s$ be any arc of the unit circle lying entirely in the first quadrant. Let $A$ be the area of the region lying below $s$ and above the $x$-axis and let $B$ be the area of the region lying to the right of the $y$-axis and to the left of $s$. Prove that $A+B$ depends only on the arc length, and not on the position, of $s$.
Some of the vertices of unit squares of an $n\times n$ chessboard are colored so that any $k\times k$ ( $1\le k\le n$) square consisting of these unit squares has a colored point on at least one of its sides. Let $l(n)$ denote the minimum number of colored points required to satisfy this condition. Prove that $\underset{n\to \infty }{\mathop \lim }\,\frac{l(n)}{{{n}^{2}}}=\frac{2}{7}$.
Solve the following system of equations, in which $a$ is a given number satisfying $|a| > 1$:
$\begin{matrix} x_{1}^2 = ax_2 + 1 \\ x_{2}^2 = ax_3 + 1 \\ \ldots \\ x_{999}^2 = ax_{1000} + 1 \\ x_{1000}^2 = ax_1 + 1 \\ \end{matrix}$
A function $f(x)$ is such that for any integer $x$, $f(x)+xf(2-x)=6$. Compute $-2019f(2020)$.
For the nonzero numbers $ a$, $ b$, and $ c$, define \[(a,b,c)\equal{}\frac{abc}{a\plus{}b\plus{}c}.\] Find $(2,4,6)$.
$ \textbf{(A)}\ 1 \qquad
\textbf{(B)}\ 2 \qquad
\textbf{(C)}\ 4 \qquad
\textbf{(D)}\ 6 \qquad
\textbf{(E)}\ 24$
The first two terms of a sequence are $2$ and $3$. Each next term thereafter is the sum of the nearestly previous two terms if their sum is not greather than $10, 0$ otherwise. The $2014$th term is:
(A): $0$, (B): $8$, (C): $6$, (D): $4$, (E) None of the above.
Let $a, b, c$ be nonnegative real numbers. Prove that
\[ \frac{a+b+c}{3} - \sqrt[3]{abc} \leq \max\{(\sqrt{a} - \sqrt{b})^2, (\sqrt{b} - \sqrt{c})^2, (\sqrt{c} - \sqrt{a})^2\}. \]
Find all positive integers $ n$ having exactly $ 16$ divisors $ 1\equal{}d_1<d_2<...<d_{16}\equal{}n$ such that $ d_6\equal{}18$ and $ d_9\minus{}d_8\equal{}17.$
Let $a$ be a complex number, and set $\alpha$, $\beta$, and $\gamma$ to be the roots of the polynomial $x^3 - x^2 + ax - 1$. Suppose \[(\alpha^3+1)(\beta^3+1)(\gamma^3+1) = 2018.\] Compute the product of all possible values of $a$.
A closed pentagonal line is inscribed in a sphere of the diameter $1$, and has all edges of length $\ell$.
Prove that $\ell \le \sin \frac{2\pi}{5}$
.
Denote by $\mathbb{N}$ the set of all positive integers. Find all functions $f:\mathbb{N}\rightarrow \mathbb{N}$ such that for all positive integers $m$ and $n$, the integer $f(m)+f(n)-mn$ is nonzero and divides $mf(m)+nf(n)$.
[i]Proposed by Dorlir Ahmeti, Albania[/i]
Suppose that $a$, $b$ and $x$ are positive real numbers. Prove that $\log_{ab} x =\dfrac{\log_a x\log_b x}{\log_ax+\log_bx}$.
For two real numbers $x$ and $y$, let $x\circ y=\frac{xy}{x+y}$. The value of
\[1 \circ (2 \circ (3 \circ (4 \circ 5)))\]
can be expressed as $\frac{m}{n}$ for relatively prime positive integers $m$ and $n$. Compute $m+n$.
[i]Proposed by Nathan Xiong[/i]
Given a positive integer $k > 1$, find all positive integers $n$ such that the polynomial $$P(z) = z^n + \sum_{j=0}^{2^k-2} z^j = 1 +z +z^2 + \cdots +z^{2^k-2} + z^n$$ has a complex root $w$ such that $|w| = 1$.
A point $D$ lies on the side $BC$ , and a point $E$ on the side $AC$ , of the triangle $ABC$ , and $BD$ and $AE$ have the same length. The line through the centres of the circumscribed circles of the triangles $ADC$ and $BEC$ crosses $AC$ in $K$ and $BC$ in $L$. Show that $KC$ and $LC$ have the same length.
The altitudes of triangle $ABC$ intersect at a point $H$.Find $\angle ACB$ if it is known that $AB = CH$.
Solve the following system of equations in real numbers:
$$\left\{\begin{array}{l}x^2=y^2+z^2,\\x^{2024}=y^{2024}+z^{2024},\\x^{2025}=y^{2025}+z^{2025}.\end{array}\right.$$
[i]Proposed by Mykhailo Shtandenko, Anton Trygub, Bogdan Rublov[/i]
If $x,y$ are real numbers with $x+y\geqslant 0$, determine the minimum value of the expression
\[K=x^5+y^5-x^4y-xy^4+x^2+4x+7\]
For which values of $x,y$ does $K$ take its minimum value?
Let $\mathbb N_0$ be the set of non-negative integers. There is a triple $(f,a,b)$, where $f$ is a function from $\mathbb N_0$ to $\mathbb N_0$ and $a,b\in\mathbb N_0$ that satisfies the following conditions:
[list]
[*]$f(1)=2$
[*]$f(a)+f(b)\leq 2\sqrt{f(a)}$
[*]For all $n>0$, we have $f(n)=f(n-1)f(b)+2n-f(b)$
[/list]
Find the sum of all possible values of $f(b+100)$.
Solve the equation
$$(x+1)^2-5(x+1) \sqrt{x}+4x=0$$
Find all functions $ f: \mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ such that $ f(x+y)+f(x)f(y)=f(xy)+2xy+1$ for all real numbers $ x$ and $ y$.
[i]Proposed by B.J. Venkatachala, India[/i]
A finite set of integers is called [i]bad[/i] if its elements add up to $2010$. A finite set of integers is a [i]Benelux-set[/i] if none of its subsets is bad. Determine the smallest positive integer $n$ such that the set $\{502, 503, 504, . . . , 2009\}$ can be partitioned into $n$ Benelux-sets.
(A partition of a set $S$ into $n$ subsets is a collection of $n$ pairwise disjoint subsets of $S$, the union of which equals $S$.)
[i](2nd Benelux Mathematical Olympiad 2010, Problem 1)[/i]
Let $U_1 , U_2 , U_3$ be iid random variables on [0,1], which in order of magnitude, $U_1^{\ast} \le U_2^{\ast} \leq U_3 ^ {\ast}$. Let $\alpha, p_1 , p_2 , p_3 \in [0,1]$ such that $P(U_j ^ {\ast} \ge p_j)= \alpha$ ( j = 1,2,3). Prove that
$$P \left( p_1 + (p_2-p_1) U_3^{\ast} + (p_3- p_2) U_2^{\ast} + (1-p_3) U_1^{\ast} \geq \frac{1}{2} \right) \geq 1-\alpha$$
Is there an infinite sequence $ a_0, a_1, a_2, \cdots $ of nonzero real numbers such that for $ n = 1, 2, 3, \cdots $ the polynomial \[ p_n(x) = a_0 + a_1 x + a_2 x^2 + \cdots + a_n x^n \] has exactly $n$ distinct real roots?
Let $a_1,a_2,\dots$ and $b_1,b_2,\dots$ be sequences of positive real numbers such that $a_1=b_1=1$ and $b_n=b_{n-1}a_n-2$ for $n=2,3,\dots.$ Assume that the sequence $(b_j)$ is bounded. Prove that \[S=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac1{a_1\cdots a_n}\] converges, and evaluate $S.$