Olympiad problems

2014 Romania Team Selection Test, 3

Tags: number theory

Determine all positive integers $n$ such that all positive integers less than $n$ and coprime to $n$ are powers of primes.

2011 Silk Road, 4

Tags: number theory , representation , prime

Prove that there are infinitely many primes representable in the form $m^2+mn+n^2$ for some integers $m,n$ .

2003 Kazakhstan National Olympiad, 1

Tags: number theory

Find all natural numbers $ n$,such that there exist $ x_1,x_2,\dots,x_{n\plus{}1}\in\mathbb{N}$,such that $ \frac{1}{x_1^2}\plus{}\frac{1}{x_2^2}\plus{}\dots\plus{}\frac{1}{x_n^2}\equal{}\frac{n\plus{}1}{x_{n\plus{}1}^2}$.

2025 Israel TST, P2

Tags: geometry , tangent , circumcenter

Given a cyclic quadrilateral $ABCD$, define $E$ as $AD \cap BC$ and $F$ as $AB \cap CD$. Let $\Omega_A$ be the circle passing through $A, D$ and tangent to $AB$, and let its center be $O_A$. Let $\Gamma_B$ be the circle passing through $B, C$ and tangent to $AB$, and let its center be $O_B$. Let $\Gamma_C$ be the circle passing through $B, C$ and tangent to $CD$, and let its center be $O_C$. Let $\Omega_D$ be the circle passing through $A, D$ and tangent to $CD$, and let its center be $O_D$. Prove that $O_AO_BO_CO_D$ is cyclic, and prove that it's center lies on $EF$.

2000 Pan African, 2

Tags: algebra , polynomial , quadratic

Define the polynomials $P_0, P_1, P_2 \cdots$ by: \[ P_0(x)=x^3+213x^2-67x-2000 \] \[ P_n(x)=P_{n-1}(x-n), n \in N \] Find the coefficient of $x$ in $P_{21}(x)$.

2003 All-Russian Olympiad, 2

Tags: geometry , rectangle , analytic geometry , combinatorics

Is it possible to write a positive integer in every cell of an infinite chessboard, in such a manner that, for all positive integers $m, n$, the sum of numbers in every $m\times n$ rectangle is divisible by $m + n$ ?

2013 Junior Balkan Team Selection Tests - Romania, 1

Tags: inequalities , algebra

Let $a, b, c, d > 0$ satisfying $abcd = 1$. Prove that $$\frac{1}{a + b + 2}+\frac{1}{b + c + 2}+\frac{1}{c + d + 2}+\frac{1}{d + a + 2} \le 1$$

2022 Austrian MO National Competition, 4

Tags: prime number , number theory , diophantine equation , diophantine

Find all triples $(p, q, r)$ of prime numbers for which $4q - 1$ is a prime number and $$\frac{p + q}{p + r} = r - p$$ holds. [i](Walther Janous)[/i]

2023 BMT, 3

Tags: geometry

Jingyuan is designing a bucket hat for BMT merchandise. The hat has the shape of a cylinder on top of a truncated cone, as shown in the diagram below. The cylinder has radius $9$ and height $12$. The truncated cone has base radius $15$ and height $4$, and its top radius is the same as the cylinder’s radius. Compute the total volume of this bucket hat. [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/a/9/467d19889d08a6081f9dcd3f4d9df60582f244.png[/img]

1989 Romania Team Selection Test, 2

Tags: set , dense set , rotation , combinatorics , circles

Let $P$ be a point on a circle $C$ and let $\phi$ be a given angle incommensurable with $2\pi$. For each $n \in N, P_n$ denotes the image of $P$ under the rotation about the center $O$ of $C$ by the angle $\alpha_n = n \phi$. Prove that the set $M = \{P_n | n \ge 0\}$ is dense in $C$.

2012 Peru IMO TST, 4

Tags: combinatorics

An infinite triangular lattice is given, such that the distance between any two adjacent points is always equal to $1$. Points $A$, $B$, and $C$ are chosen on the lattice such that they are the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side length $L$, and the sides of $ABC$ contain no points from the lattice. Prove that, inside triangle $ABC$, there are exactly $\frac{L^2-1}{2}$ points from the lattice.

2007 Estonia National Olympiad, 2

Tags: inequalities , triangle inequality , number theory

Let $ x, y, z$ be positive real numbers such that $ x^n, y^n$ and $ z^n$ are side lengths of some triangle for all positive integers $ n$. Prove that at least two of x, y and z are equal.

2010 Argentina National Olympiad, 2

Tags: geometry , incircle , right triangle

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $\angle C = 90^o$ and $AC = 1$. The median $AM$ intersects the incircle at the points $P$ and $Q$, with $P$ between $A$ and $Q$, such that $AP = QM$. Find the length of $PQ$.

1990 Vietnam National Olympiad, 2

Tags: combinatorics

At least $ n - 1$ numbers are removed from the set $\{1, 2, \ldots, 2n - 1\}$ according to the following rules: (i) If $ a$ is removed, so is $ 2a$; (ii) If $ a$ and $ b$ are removed, so is $ a \plus{} b$. Find the way of removing numbers such that the sum of the remaining numbers is maximum possible.

1979 IMO Shortlist, 4

Tags: 3d geometry , prism , combinatorics , pentagon , geometry

We consider a prism which has the upper and inferior basis the pentagons: $A_{1}A_{2}A_{3}A_{4}A_{5}$ and $B_{1}B_{2}B_{3}B_{4}B_{5}$. Each of the sides of the two pentagons and the segments $A_{i}B_{j}$ with $i,j=1,\ldots,5$ is colored in red or blue. In every triangle which has all sides colored there exists one red side and one blue side. Prove that all the 10 sides of the two basis are colored in the same color.

2019 Belarusian National Olympiad, 11.6

Tags: geometry , inequalities

The diagonals of the inscribed quadrilateral $ABCD$ intersect at the point $O$. The points $P$, $Q$, $R$, and $S$ are the feet of the perpendiculars from $O$ to the sides $AB$, $BC$, $CD$, and $DA$, respectively. Prove the inequality $BD\ge SP+QR$. [i](A. Naradzetski)[/i]

2011-2012 SDML (High School), 1

Tags: quadratic , function

The function $f$ is defined by $f\left(x\right)=x^2+3x$. Find the product of all solutions of the equation $f\left(2x-1\right)=6$.

2001 Romania Team Selection Test, 1

Tags: algebra , polynomial , number theory

Let $n$ be a positive integer and $f(x)=a_mx^m+\ldots + a_1X+a_0$, with $m\ge 2$, a polynomial with integer coefficients such that: a) $a_2,a_3\ldots a_m$ are divisible by all prime factors of $n$, b) $a_1$ and $n$ are relatively prime. Prove that for any positive integer $k$, there exists a positive integer $c$, such that $f(c)$ is divisible by $n^k$.

2013 ITAMO, 5

Tags: circumcircle , parallelogram , rhombus , perpendicular bisector , geometry

$ABC$ is an isosceles triangle with $AB=AC$ and the angle in $A$ is less than $60^{\circ}$. Let $D$ be a point on $AC$ such that $\angle{DBC}=\angle{BAC}$. $E$ is the intersection between the perpendicular bisector of $BD$ and the line parallel to $BC$ passing through $A$. $F$ is a point on the line $AC$ such that $FA=2AC$ ($A$ is between $F$ and $C$). Show that $EB$ and $AC$ are parallel and that the perpendicular from $F$ to $AB$, the perpendicular from $E$ to $AC$ and $BD$ are concurrent.

2010 Contests, 3

Tags: circumcircle , geometry

Points $A', B', C'$ lie on sides $BC, CA, AB$ of triangle $ABC.$ for a point $X$ one has $\angle AXB =\angle A'C'B' + \angle ACB$ and $\angle BXC = \angle B'A'C' +\angle BAC.$ Prove that the quadrilateral $XA'BC'$ is cyclic.

2009 Benelux, 4

Tags: trapezoid , circumcircle , geometry

Given trapezoid $ABCD$ with parallel sides $AB$ and $CD$, let $E$ be a point on line $BC$ outside segment $BC$, such that segment $AE$ intersects segment $CD$. Assume that there exists a point $F$ inside segment $AD$ such that $\angle EAD=\angle CBF$. Denote by $I$ the point of intersection of $CD$ and $EF$, and by $J$ the point of intersection of $AB$ and $EF$. Let $K$ be the midpoint of segment $EF$, and assume that $K$ is different from $I$ and $J$. Prove that $K$ belongs to the circumcircle of $\triangle ABI$ if and only if $K$ belongs to the circumcircle of $\triangle CDJ$.

2023 Junior Balkan Team Selection Tests - Moldova, 1

Tags: number theory

The positive integer $ n $ verifies $$\frac{1}{1\cdot(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{1})+\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{2\cdot(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2})+\sqrt{2}}+\cdots+\frac{1}{n\cdot(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n})+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{2022}{2023}.$$ Find the sum of digits of number $ n $.

1998 Romania Team Selection Test, 3

Tags: algebra , polynomial , irreducible

Show that for any positive integer $n$ the polynomial $f(x)=(x^2+x)^{2^n}+1$ cannot be decomposed into the product of two integer non-constant polynomials. [i]Marius Cavachi[/i]

2013 China Team Selection Test, 2

Tags: arithmetic sequence , number theory , algebra

Find the greatest positive integer $m$ with the following property: For every permutation $a_1, a_2, \cdots, a_n,\cdots$ of the set of positive integers, there exists positive integers $i_1<i_2<\cdots <i_m$ such that $a_{i_1}, a_{i_2}, \cdots, a_{i_m}$ is an arithmetic progression with an odd common difference.

2014 AMC 12/AHSME, 24

Tags: geometry , trapezoid , asymptote , number theory , relatively prime

Let $ABCDE$ be a pentagon inscribed in a circle such that $AB=CD=3$, $BC=DE=10$, and $AE=14$. The sum of the lengths of all diagonals of $ABCDE$ is equal to $\frac{m}{n}$, where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers. What is $m+n$? $\textbf{(A) }129\qquad \textbf{(B) }247\qquad \textbf{(C) }353\qquad \textbf{(D) }391\qquad \textbf{(E) }421\qquad$