Olympiad problems

2015 Estonia Team Selection Test, 4

Altitudes $AD$ and $BE$ of an acute triangle $ABC$ intersect at $H$. Let $C_1 (H,HE)$ and $C_2(B,BE)$ be two circles tangent at $AC$ at point $E$. Let $P\ne E$ be the second point of tangency of the circle $C_1 (H,HE)$ with its tangent line going through point $C$, and $Q\ne E$ be the second point of tangency of the circle $C_2(B,BE)$ with its tangent line going through point $C$. Prove that points $D, P$, and $Q$ are collinear.

2004 China Second Round Olympiad, 2

Tags: analytic geometry , geometry

In a planar rectangular coordinate system, a sequence of points ${A_n}$ on the positive half of the y-axis and a sequence of points ${B_n}$ on the curve $y=\sqrt{2x}$ $(x\ge0)$ satisfy the condition $|OA_n|=|OB_n|=\frac{1}{n}$. The x-intercept of line $A_nB_n$ is $a_n$, and the x-coordinate of point $B_n$ is $b_n$, $n\in\mathbb{N}$. Prove that (1) $a_n>a_{n+1}>4$, $n\in\mathbb{N}$; (2) There is $n_0\in\mathbb{N}$, such that for any $n>n_0$, $\frac{b_2}{b_1}+\frac{b_3}{b_2}+\ldots +\frac{b_n}{b_{n-1}}+\frac{b_{n+1}}{b_n}<n-2004$.

2000 Finnish National High School Mathematics Competition, 2

Tags: calculus , integration , number theory

Prove that the integral part of the decimal representation of the number $(3+\sqrt{5})^n$ is odd, for every positive integer $n.$

2001 Chile National Olympiad, 6

Tags: geometry , circles , tangential quadrilateral

Let $ C_1, C_2 $ be two circles of equal radius, disjoint, of centers $ O_1, O_2 $, such that $ C_1 $ is to the left of $ C_2 $. Let $ l $ be a line parallel to the line $ O_1O_2 $, secant to both circles. Let $ P_1 $ be a point of $ l $, to the left of $ C_1 $ and $ P_2 $ a point of $ l $, to the right of $ C_2 $ such that the tangents of $ P_1 $ to $ C_1 $ and of $ P_2 $ a $ C_2 $ form a quadrilateral. Show that there is a circle tangent to the four sides of said quadrilateral.

2021 Indonesia TST, G

Tags: geometry , trapezoid

Given points $A$, $B$, $C$, and $D$ on circle $\omega$ such that lines $AB$ and $CD$ intersect on point $T$ where $A$ is between $B$ and $T$, moreover $D$ is between $C$ and $T$. It is known that the line passing through $D$ which is parallel to $AB$ intersects $\omega$ again on point $E$ and line $ET$ intersects $\omega$ again on point $F$. Let $CF$ and $AB$ intersect on point $G$, $X$ be the midpoint of segment $AB$, and $Y$ be the reflection of point $T$ to $G$. Prove that $X$, $Y$, $C$, and $D$ are concyclic.

2011 Sharygin Geometry Olympiad, 2

Tags: geometry , circumcircle , angle chasing , perpendicular bisector

In triangle $ABC, \angle B = 2\angle C$. Points $P$ and $Q$ on the medial perpendicular to $CB$ are such that $\angle CAP = \angle PAQ = \angle QAB = \frac{\angle A}{3}$ . Prove that $Q$ is the circumcenter of triangle $CPB$.

2017 IFYM, Sozopol, 8

Tags: geometry

Let $\Delta ABC$ be a scalene triangle with center $I$ of its inscribed circle. Points $A_1$,$B_1$, and $C_1$ are the points of tangency of the same circle with $BC$,$CA$, and $AB$ respectively. Prove that the circumscribed circles of $\Delta AIA_1$,$\Delta BIB_1$, and $\Delta CIC_1$ intersect in a common point, different from $I$.

1994 Miklós Schweitzer, 10

Tags: differential geometry

Let $F^2$ be a closed, oriented 2-dimensional smooth surface, $f : F^2 \to F^2$ is a smooth homeomorphism whose order is an odd prime p (i.e., the p-th iterate $f \circ f \circ \cdots \circ f$ is the identity). Then f has a finite number of fixed points: $P_1 , ..., P_s$. In the tangent plane at the fixed point $P_i$, a positively directed (i.e., compatible with the direction of the surface) base can be chosen in which f is differentiated by a rotation with positive angle $2\pi k_i/p$ , where $k_i$ is a natural number, $0 < k_i < p$ . Prove that $$\sum_{i = 1}^s k_i^{p-2}\equiv0\pmod{p}$$

2014 Contests, 4

Tags: french and spanish courses

$27$ students in a school take French. $32$ students in a school take Spanish. $5$ students take both courses. How many of these students in total take only $1$ language course?

2020 Costa Rica - Final Round, 4

Tags: algebra , functional equation , functional , function

Consider the function $ h$, defined for all positive real numbers, such that: $$10x -6h(x) = 4h \left(\frac{2020}{x}\right) $$ for all $x > 0$. Find $h(x)$ and the value of $h(4)$.

2023 Turkey Team Selection Test, 1

Tags: trapezoid , circumcircle , geometry

Let $ABCD$ be a trapezoid with $AB \parallel CD$. A point $T$ which is inside the trapezoid satisfies $ \angle ATD = \angle CTB$. Let line $AT$ intersects circumcircle of $ACD$ at $K$ and line $BT$ intersects circumcircle of $BCD$ at $L$.($K \neq A$ , $L \neq B$) Prove that $KL \parallel AB$.

2007 Nordic, 3

Tags: combinatorics

The number $10^{2007}$ is written on the blackboard. Anne and Berit play a two player game in which the player in turn performs one of the following operations: 1) replace a number $x$ on the blackboard with two integers $a,b>1$ such that $ab=x$. 2) strike off one or both of two equal numbers on the blackboard. The person who cannot perform any operation loses. Who has the winning strategy if Anne starts?

2005 Iran MO (3rd Round), 1

Tags: quadratic , number theory

Find all $n,p,q\in \mathbb N$ that:\[2^n+n^2=3^p7^q\]

1996 Austrian-Polish Competition, 3

Tags: algebra , polynomial , recurrence relation

The polynomials $P_{n}(x)$ are defined by $P_{0}(x)=0,P_{1}(x)=x$ and \[P_{n}(x)=xP_{n-1}(x)+(1-x)P_{n-2}(x) \quad n\geq 2\] For every natural number $n\geq 1$, find all real numbers $x$ satisfying the equation $P_{n}(x)=0$.

2020 IOM, 4

Tags: algebra

Given three positive real numbers $a,b,c$ such that following holds $a^2=b^2+bc$, $b^2=c^2+ac$ Prove that $\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}$.

2005 Sharygin Geometry Olympiad, 3

Tags: geometry , locus , midpoint , chord , equal circles

Given a circle and a point $K$ inside it. An arbitrary circle equal to the given one and passing through the point $K$ has a common chord with the given circle. Find the geometric locus of the midpoints of these chords.

2009 Princeton University Math Competition, 4

Tags: algebra , polynomial , quadratic

Given that $P(x)$ is the least degree polynomial with rational coefficients such that \[P(\sqrt{2} + \sqrt{3}) = \sqrt{2},\] find $P(10)$.

2019 BMT Spring, Tie 4

Tags: geometry , pyramid , 3d geometry , sphere

Consider a regular triangular pyramid with base $\vartriangle ABC$ and apex $D$. If we have $AB = BC =AC = 6$ and $AD = BD = CD = 4$, calculate the surface area of the circumsphere of the pyramid.

2013 Online Math Open Problems, 6

Tags: modular arithmetic

Find the number of integers $n$ with $n \ge 2$ such that the remainder when $2013$ is divided by $n$ is equal to the remainder when $n$ is divided by $3$. [i]Proposed by Michael Kural[/i]

1973 AMC 12/AHSME, 14

Tags:

Each valve $ A$, $ B$, and $ C$, when open, releases water into a tank at its own constant rate. With all three valves open, the tank fills in 1 hour, with only valves $ A$ and $ C$ open it takes 1.5 hours, and with only valves $ B$ and $ C$ open it takes 2 hours. The number of hours required with only valves $ A$ and $ B$ open is $ \textbf{(A)}\ 1.1 \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ 1.15 \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 1.2 \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ 1.25 \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ 1.75$

2000 Chile National Olympiad, 7

Tags: number theory , prime

Consider the following equation in $x$: $$ax (x^2 + ax + 1) = b (x^2 + b + 1).$$ It is known that $a, b$ are real such that $ab <0$ and furthermore the equation has exactly two integer roots positive. Prove that under these conditions $a^2 + b^2$ is not a prime number.

2021 AMC 12/AHSME Spring, 24

Tags: trigonometry , geometry

Semicircle $\Gamma$ has diameter $\overline{AB}$ of length $14$. Circle $\Omega$ lies tangent to $\overline{AB}$ at a point $P$ and intersects $\Gamma$ at points $Q$ and $R$. If $QR=3\sqrt3$ and $\angle QPR=60^\circ$, then the area of $\triangle PQR$ is $\frac{a\sqrt{b}}{c}$, where $a$ and $c$ are relatively prime positive integers, and $b$ is a positive integer not divisible by the square of any prime. What is $a+b+c$? $\textbf{(A) }110 \qquad \textbf{(B) }114 \qquad \textbf{(C) }118 \qquad \textbf{(D) }122\qquad \textbf{(E) }126$

2017 Czech-Polish-Slovak Junior Match, 1

Tags: number theory

Find the largest integer $n \ge 3$ for which there is a $n$-digit number $\overline{a_1a_2a_3...a_n}$ with non-zero digits $a_1, a_2$ and $a_n$, which is divisible by $\overline{a_2a_3...a_n}$.

2023 Chile TST IMO, 3

Tags: algebra

Solve the system of equations in real numbers: \[ \frac{x}{y} + \frac{y}{z} + \frac{z}{x} = \frac{x}{z} + \frac{z}{y} + \frac{y}{x} \] \[ x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 294 \] \[ x + y + z = 0 \]

1997 IberoAmerican, 3

Tags: analytic geometry , combinatorics

Let $n \geq2$ be an integer number and $D_n$ the set of all the points $(x,y)$ in the plane such that its coordinates are integer numbers with: $-n \le x \le n$ and $-n \le y \le n$. (a) There are three possible colors in which the points of $D_n$ are painted with (each point has a unique color). Show that with any distribution of the colors, there are always two points of $D_n$ with the same color such that the line that contains them does not go through any other point of $D_n$. (b) Find a way to paint the points of $D_n$ with 4 colors such that if a line contains exactly two points of $D_n$, then, this points have different colors.