Olympiad problems

1982 IMO Shortlist, 12

Four distinct circles $C,C_1, C_2$, C3 and a line L are given in the plane such that $C$ and $L$ are disjoint and each of the circles $C_1, C_2, C_3$ touches the other two, as well as $C$ and $L$. Assuming the radius of $C$ to be $1$, determine the distance between its center and $L.$

2014 Contests, 4

Tags: number theory , point , circles , prime

The radius $r$ of a circle with center at the origin is an odd integer. There is a point ($p^m, q^n$) on the circle, with $p,q$ prime numbers and $m,n$ positive integers. Determine $r$.

1949-56 Chisinau City MO, 45

Tags: tangent , locus , circles , equal segments

Determine the locus of points, from which the tangent segments to two given circles are equal.

Indonesia MO Shortlist - geometry, g8

Tags: geometry , circumcircle , circles , tangent circle

$ABC$ is an acute triangle with $AB> AC$. $\Gamma_B$ is a circle that passes through $A,B$ and is tangent to $AC$ on $A$. Define similar for $ \Gamma_C$. Let $D$ be the intersection $\Gamma_B$ and $\Gamma_C$ and $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$. $AM$ cuts $\Gamma_C$ at $E$. Let $O$ be the center of the circumscibed circle of the triangle $ABC$. Prove that the circumscibed circle of the triangle $ODE$ is tangent to $\Gamma_B$.

2003 Junior Tuymaada Olympiad, 6

Tags: combinatorics , sum , circles

On a circle, numbers from $1$ to $100$ are arranged in some order. We call a pair of numbers [i]good [/i] if these two numbers do not stand side by side, and at least on one of the two arcs into which they break a circle, all the numbers are less than each of them. What can be the total number of [i]good [/i] pairs?

2013 Bosnia And Herzegovina - Regional Olympiad, 2

Tags: geometry , chord , circles

In circle with radius $10$, point $M$ is on chord $PQ$ such that $PM=5$ and $MQ=10$. Through point $M$ we draw chords $AB$ and $CD$, and points $X$ and $Y$ are intersection points of chords $AD$ and $BC$ with chord $PQ$ (see picture), respectively. If $XM=3$ find $MY$ [img]https://services.artofproblemsolving.com/download.php?id=YXR0YWNobWVudHMvYy9kLzBiMmFmM2ViOGVmOTlmZDA5NGY2ZWY4MjM1YWI0ZDZjNjJlNzA1LnBuZw==&rn=Z2VvbWV0cmlqYS5wbmc=[/img]

2020 BMT Fall, 19

Tags: geometry , circles , area

Alice is standing on the circumference of a large circular room of radius $10$. There is a circular pillar in the center of the room of radius $5$ that blocks Alice’s view. The total area in the room Alice can see can be expressed in the form $\frac{m\pi}{n} +p\sqrt{q}$, where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime positive integers and $p$ and $q$ are integers such that $q$ is square-free. Compute $m + n + p + q$. (Note that the pillar is not included in the total area of the room.) [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/5/1/26e8aa6d12d9dd85bd5b284b6176870c7d11b1.png[/img]

1998 Estonia National Olympiad, 5

Tags: point , circles , coloring , combinatorics , combinatorial geometry

A circle is divided into $n$ equal arcs by $n$ points. Assume that, no matter how we color the $n$ points in two colors, there always exists an axis of symmetry of the set of points such that any two of the $n$ points which are symmetric with respect to that axis have the same color. Find all possible values of $n$.

2012 Sharygin Geometry Olympiad, 7

Tags: geometry , circles , bijection

Consider a triangle $ABC$. The tangent line to its circumcircle at point $C$ meets line $AB$ at point $D$. The tangent lines to the circumcircle of triangle $ACD$ at points $A$ and $C$ meet at point $K$. Prove that line $DK$ bisects segment $BC$. (F.Ivlev)

2007 Abels Math Contest (Norwegian MO) Final, 2

Tags: ratio , cyclic , pentagon , circumradius , circles , regular , geometry

The vertices of a convex pentagon $ABCDE$ lie on a circle $\gamma_1$. The diagonals $AC , CE, EB, BD$, and $DA$ are tangents to another circle $\gamma_2$ with the same centre as $\gamma_1$. (a) Show that all angles of the pentagon $ABCDE$ have the same size and that all edges of the pentagon have the same length. (b) What is the ratio of the radii of the circles $\gamma_1$ and $\gamma_2$? (The answer should be given in terms of integers, the four basic arithmetic operations and extraction of roots only.)

1974 Bundeswettbewerb Mathematik, 3

Tags: geometry , semicircle , sequence , square , circles

A circle $K_1$ of radius $r_1 = 1\slash 2$ is inscribed in a semi-circle $H$ with diameter $AB$ and radius $1.$ A sequence of different circles $K_2, K_3, \ldots$ with radii $r_2, r_3, \ldots$ respectively are drawn so that for each $n\geq 1$, the circle $K_{n+1}$ is tangent to $H$, $K_n$ and $AB.$ Prove that $a_n = 1\slash r_n$ is an integer for each $n$, and that it is a perfect square for $n$ even and twice a perfect square for $n$ odd.

2011 Dutch IMO TST, 3

Tags: geometry , equal angles , angle chasing , circles

The circles $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ intersect at $D$ and $P$. The common tangent line of the two circles closest to point $D$ touches $\Gamma_1$ in A and $\Gamma_2$ in $B$. The line $AD$ intersects $\Gamma_2$ for the second time in $C$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of line segment $BC$. Prove that $\angle DPM = \angle BDC$.

1992 Spain Mathematical Olympiad, 2

Tags: geometry , construction , circles

Given two circles of radii $r$ and $r'$ exterior to each other, construct a line parallel to a given line and intersecting the two circles in chords with the sum of lengths $\ell$.

2014 Sharygin Geometry Olympiad, 7

Tags: circles , geometry

Two points on a circle are joined by a broken line shorter than the diameter of the circle. Prove that there exists a diameter which does not intersect this broken line. (Folklor )

2015 Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 2

Tags: geometry , perpendicular , circles

Let $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ be two circles , with respective centres $O_1$ and $O_2$ , that intersect each other in $A$ and $B$. The line $O_1A$ intersects $\omega_2$ in $A$ and $C$ and the line $O_2A$ inetersects $\omega_1$ in $A$ and $D$. The line through $B$ parallel to $AD$ intersects $\omega_1$ in $B$ and $E$. Suppose that $O_1A$ is parallel to $DE$. Show that $CD$ is perpendicular to $O_2C$.

1996 Rioplatense Mathematical Olympiad, Level 3, 4

Tags: geometry , locus , circles

Let $S$ be the circle of center $O$ and radius $R$, and let $A, A'$ be two diametrically opposite points in $S$. Let $P$ be the midpoint of $OA'$ and $\ell$ a line passing through $P$, different from $AA '$ and from the perpendicular on $AA '$. Let $B$ and $C$ be the intersection points of $\ell$ with $S$ and let $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$. a) Let $H$ be the foot of the altitude from $A$ in the triangle $ABC$. Let $D$ be the intersection point of the line $A'M$ with $AH$. Determine the locus of point $D$ while $\ell$ varies . b) Line $AM$ intersects $OD$ at $I$. Prove that $2 OI = ID$ and determine the locus of point $I$ while $\ell$ varies .

2003 IMO Shortlist, 5

Tags: geometry , coordinate geometry , circles , coordinates , triangle , combinatorics

Every point with integer coordinates in the plane is the center of a disk with radius $1/1000$. (1) Prove that there exists an equilateral triangle whose vertices lie in different discs. (2) Prove that every equilateral triangle with vertices in different discs has side-length greater than $96$. [i]Radu Gologan, Romania[/i] [hide="Remark"] The "> 96" in [b](b)[/b] can be strengthened to "> 124". By the way, part [b](a)[/b] of this problem is the place where I used [url=http://mathlinks.ro/viewtopic.php?t=5537]the well-known "Dedekind" theorem[/url]. [/hide]

1995 Tuymaada Olympiad, 6

Tags: geometry , number theory , right triangle , pythagorean triple , circles

Given a circle of radius $r= 1995$. Show that around it you can describe exactly $16$ primitive Pythagorean triangles. The primitive Pythagorean triangle is a right-angled triangle, the lengths of the sides of which are expressed by coprime integers.

2000 IMO Shortlist, 1

Tags: geometry , trapezoid , combinatorial geometry , circles

In the plane we are given two circles intersecting at $ X$ and $ Y$. Prove that there exist four points with the following property: (P) For every circle touching the two given circles at $ A$ and $ B$, and meeting the line $ XY$ at $ C$ and $ D$, each of the lines $ AC$, $ AD$, $ BC$, $ BD$ passes through one of these points.

2013 Greece JBMO TST, 2

Tags: chord , combinatorics , combinatorial geometry , concurrency , circles

Consider $n$ different points lying on a circle, such that there are not three chords defined by that point that pass through the same interior point of the circle. a) Find the value of $n$, if the numbers of triangles that are defined using $3$ of the n points is equal to $2n$ b) Find the value of $n$, if the numbers of the intersection points of the chords that are interior to the circle is equal to $5n$.

1986 All Soviet Union Mathematical Olympiad, 420

Tags: geometry , minimum , circles , area

The point $M$ belongs to the side $[AC]$ of the acute-angle triangle $ABC$. Two circles are circumscribed around triangles $ABM$ and $BCM$ . What $M$ position corresponds to the minimal area of those circles intersection?

1992 IMO Longlists, 37

Tags: geometry , circles , trigonometric inequality , angle

Let the circles $C_1, C_2$, and $C_3$ be orthogonal to the circle $C$ and intersect each other inside $C$ forming acute angles of measures $A, B$, and $C$. Show that $A + B +C < \pi.$

2015 India Regional MathematicaI Olympiad, 5

Tags: circles , equal segments , geometry

Two circles $\Gamma$ and $\Sigma$ intersect at two distinct points $A$ and $B$. A line through $B$ intersects $\Gamma$ and $\Sigma$ again at $C$ and $D$, respectively. Suppose that $CA=CD$. Show that the centre of $\Sigma$ lies on $\Gamma$.

2020 Silk Road, 2

Tags: circumcircle , circles

The triangle $ ABC $ is inscribed in the circle $ \omega $. Points $ K, L, M $ are marked on the sides $ AB, BC, CA $, respectively, and $ CM \cdot CL = AM \cdot BL $. Ray $ LK $ intersects line $ AC $ at point $ P $. The common chord of the circle $ \omega $ and the circumscribed circle of the triangle $ KMP $ meets the segment $ AM $ at the point $ S $. Prove that $ SK \parallel BC $.

2024 Kosovo Team Selection Test, P2

Tags: tangent , geometry , concurrent lines , beautiful geometry , circles

Let $\omega$ be a circle and let $A$ be a point lying outside of $\omega$. The tangents from $A$ to $\omega$ touch $\omega$ at points $B$ and $C$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of $BC$ and let $D$ a point on the side $BC$ different from $M$. The circle with diameter $AD$ intersects $\omega$ at points $X$ and $Y$ and the circumcircle of $\bigtriangleup ABC$ again at $E$. Prove that $AD$, $EM$, and $XY$ are concurrent.