Four right triangles, each with the sides $1$ and $2$, are assembled to a figure as shown. How large a fraction does the area of the small circle make up of that of the big one? [img]https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XODK1XKCS0Q/XzXDtcA-xAI/AAAAAAAAMWA/zSLPpf3IcX0rgaRtOxm_F2begnVdUargACLcBGAsYHQ/s0/2010%2BMohr%2Bp1.png[/img]

Let $P$ be a point on a circle $C$ and let $\phi$ be a given angle incommensurable with $2\pi$. For each $n \in N, P_n$ denotes the image of $P$ under the rotation about the center $O$ of $C$ by the angle $\alpha_n = n \phi$. Prove that the set $M = \{P_n | n \ge 0\}$ is dense in $C$.

A number of unit discs are given inside a square of side $100$ such that (i) no two of the discs have a common interior point, and (ii) every segment of length $10$, lying entirely within the square, meets at least one disc. Prove that there are at least $400$ discs in the square.

The two circles $\Gamma_1$ and $\Gamma_2$ intersect at $P$ and $Q$. The common tangent that's on the same side as $P$, intersects the circles at $A$ and $B$,respectively. Let $C$ be the second intersection with $\Gamma_2$ of the tangent to $\Gamma_1$ at $P$, and let $D$ be the second intersection with $\Gamma_1$ of the tangent to $\Gamma_2$ at $Q$. Let $E$ be the intersection of $AP$ and $BC$, and let $F$ be the intersection of $BP$ and $AD$. Let $M$ be the image of $P$ under point reflection with respect to the midpoint of $AB$. Prove that $AMBEQF$ is a cyclic hexagon.

Let $ABC$ be a triangle, the circle having $BC$ as diameter cuts $AB,AC$ at $F,E$ respectively. Let $P$ a point on this circle. Let $C',B$' be the projections of $P$ upon the sides $AB,AC$ respectively. Let $H$ be the orthocenter of the triangle $AB'C'$. Show that $\angle EHF = 90^o$.

Points $A, B$ move with equal speeds along two equal circles. Prove that the perpendicular bisector of $AB$ passes through a fixed point.

Let $k_1$ and $k_2$ be two circles with centers $O_1$ and $O_2$ and equal radius $r$ such that $O_1O_2 = r$. Let $A$ and $B$ be two points lying on the circle $k_1$ and being symmetric to each other with respect to the line $O_1O_2$. Let $P$ be an arbitrary point on $k_2$. Prove that \[PA^2 + PB^2 \geq 2r^2.\]

Two circles touch internally at point $P$. A line tangent to one of the circles at point $A$ intersects the other circle at points $B$ and $C$. Prove that the line $ PA $ is the bisector of the angle $ BPC $.

Let $ABC$ be a scalene triangle. A circle $(O)$ passes through $B,C$, intersecting the line segments $BA,CA$ at $F,E$ respectively. The circumcircle of triangle $ABE$ meets the line $CF$ at two points $M,N$ such that $M$ is between $C$ and $F$. The circumcircle of triangle $ACF$ meets the line $BE$ at two points $P,Q$ such that $P$ is betweeen $B$ and $E$. The line through $N$ perpendicular to $AN$ meets $BE$ at $R$, the line through $Q$ perpendicular to $AQ$ meets $CF$ at $S$. Let $U$ be the intersection of $SP$ and $NR, V$ be the intersection of $RM$ and $QS$. Prove that three lines $NQ,UV$ and $RS$ are concurrent. Trần Quang Hùng

A circle is called a [b]separator[/b] for a set of five points in a plane if it passes through three of these points, it contains a fourth point inside and the fifth point is outside the circle. Prove that every set of five points such that no three are collinear and no four are concyclic has exactly four separators.

Two circles $\alpha,\beta$ touch externally at the point $X$. Let $A,P$ be two distinct points on $\alpha$ different from $X$, and let $AX$ and $PX$ meet $\beta$ again in the points $B$ and $Q$ respectively. Prove that $AP$ is parallel to $QB$.

Given are two concentric circles $\Omega$ and $\omega$. Each of the circles $b_1$ and $b_2$ is externally tangent to $\omega$ and internally tangent to $\Omega$, and $\omega$ each of the circles $c_1$ and $c_2$ is internally tangent to both $\Omega$ and $\omega$. Mark each point where one of the circles $b_1, b_2$ intersects one of the circles $c_1$ and $c_2$. Prove that there exist two circles distinct from $b_1, b_2, c_1, c_2$ which contain all $8$ marked points. (Some of these new circles may appear to be lines.)

Two circles $S_1$ and $S_2$ intersect at different points $P,Q$. The arc of $S_1$ lying inside $S_2$ measures $2a$ and the arc of $S_2$ lying inside $S_1$ measures $2b$. Let $T$ be any point on $S_1$. Let $R,S$ be another points of intersection of $S_2$ with $TP$ and $TQ$ respectively. Let $a+2b<\pi$ . Find the locus of the intersection points of $PS$ and $RQ$. S.Shikh

On a circle of center $O$, let $A$ and $B$ be points on the circle such that $\angle AOB = 120^o$. Point $C$ lies on the small arc $AB$ and point $D$ lies on the segment $AB$. Let also $AD = 2, BD = 1$ and $CD = \sqrt2$. Calculate the area of triangle $ABC$.

Two circles $c$ and $c'$ with centers $O$ and $O'$ lie completely outside each other. Points $A, B$, and $C$ lie on the circle $c$ and points $A', B'$, and $C$ lie on the circle $c'$ so that segment $AB\parallel A'B'$, $BC \parallel B'C'$, and $\angle ABC = \angle A'B'C'$. The lines $AA', BB$', and $CC'$ are all different and intersect in one point $P$, which does not coincide with any of the vertices of the triangles $ABC$ or $A'B'C'$. Prove that $\angle AOB = \angle A'O'B'$.

On the circle with center 0 and radius 1 the point $A_0$ is fixed and points $A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_{999}, A_{1000}$ are distributed in such a way that the angle $\angle A_00A_k = k$ (in radians). Cut the circle at points $A_0, A_1, \ldots, A_{1000}.$ How many arcs with different lengths are obtained. ?

Let $A, B, C$ be centers of three circles that are mutually tangent externally, let $r_A, r_B, r_C$ be the radii of the circles, respectively. Let $r$ be the radius of the incircle of $\vartriangle ABC$. Prove that $$r^2 \le \frac19 (r_A^2 + r_B^2+r_C^2)$$ and identify, with justification, one case where the equality is attained.

Suppose \(40\) objects are placed along a circle at equal distances. In how many ways can \(3\) objects be chosen from among them so that no two of the three chosen objects are adjacent nor diametrically opposite?

Let ${n}$ and $k$ be positive integers. There are given ${n}$ circles in the plane. Every two of them intersect at two distinct points, and all points of intersection they determine are pairwise distinct (i. e. no three circles have a common point). No three circles have a point in common. Each intersection point must be colored with one of $n$ distinct colors so that each color is used at least once and exactly $k$ distinct colors occur on each circle. Find all values of $n\geq 2$ and $k$ for which such a coloring is possible. [i]Proposed by Horst Sewerin, Germany[/i]

The pentagon $ABCDE$ is inscribed in the circle $\omega$. Let $T$ be the intersection point of the diagonals $BE$ and $AD$. A line is drawn through the point $T$ parallel to $CD$, which intersects $AB$ and $CE$ at points $X$ and $Y$, respectively. Prove that the circumscribed circle of the triangle $AXY$ is tangent to $\omega$.

In an acute-angled isosceles triangle $ABC$, altitudes $CC_1$ and $BB_1$ intersect the line passing through the vertex $A$ and parallel to the line $BC$, at points $P$ and $Q$. Let $A_0$ be the midpoint of side $BC$, and $AA_1$ the altitude. Lines $A_0C_1$ and $A_0B_1$ intersect line $PQ$ at points $K$ and $L$. Prove that the circles circumscribed around triangles $PQA_1, KLA_0, A_1B_1C_1$ and a circle with a diameter $AA_1$ intersect at one point.

Points $A, B$ and $P$ lie on the circumference of a circle $\Omega_1$ such that $\angle APB$ is an obtuse angle. Let $Q$ be the foot of the perpendicular from $P$ on $AB$. A second circle $\Omega_2$ is drawn with centre $P$ and radius $PQ$. The tangents from $A$ and $B$ to $\Omega_2$ intersect $\Omega_1$ at $F$ and $H$ respectively. Prove that $FH$ is tangent to $\Omega_2$.

In $\Delta ABC$, $AB=6$, $BC=7$ and $CA=8$. Let $D$ be the mid-point of minor arc $AB$ on the circumcircle of $\Delta ABC$. Find $AD^2$

7. The four Vertices of a quadrilateral [i]ABCD[/i] lie on the circle with diameter [i]AB[/i]. The diagonals of [i]ABCD[/i] intersect at [i]E[/i], and the lines [i]AD[/i] and [i]BC[/i] intersect at [i]F[/i]. Line [i]FE[/i] meets [i]AB[/i] at [i]K[/i] and line [i]DK[/i] meets the circle again at [i]L[/i]. Prove that [i]CL[/i] is perpendicular to [i]AB[/i].

Two not necessarily equal non-intersecting wooden disks, one gray and one black, are glued to a plane. An infinite angle with one gray side and one black side can be moved along the plane so that the disks remain outside the angle, while the colored sides of the angle are tangent to the disks of the same color (the tangency points are not the vertices). Prove that it is possible to draw a ray in the angle, starting from the vertex of the angle and such that no matter how the angle is positioned, the ray passes through some fixed point of the plane. (Egor Bakaev, Ilya Bogdanov, Pavel Kozhevnikov, Vladimir Rastorguev) (Junior version [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6h2094701p15140671]here[/url]) [hide=note]There was a mistake in the text of the problem 3, we publish here the correct version. The solutions were estimated according to the text published originally.[/hide]