Let $ABC$ be an equilateral triangle of side $1$, $D$ be a point on $BC$, and $r_1, r_2$ be the inradii of triangles $ABD$ and $ADC$. Express $r_1r_2$ in terms of $p = BD$ and find the maximum of $r_1r_2$.

Let $a$ be a real number. 1) Prove that there is a triangle with side lengths $\sqrt{a^2-a + 1}$, $\sqrt{a^2+a + 1}$, and $\sqrt{4a^2 + 3}$. 2) Prove that the area of this triangle does not depend on $a$.

Consider a coordinate system in the plane, with the origin $O$. We call a lattice point $A{}$ [i]hidden[/i] if the open segment $OA$ contains at least one lattice point. Prove that for any positive integer $n$ there exists a square of side-length $n$ such that any lattice point lying in its interior or on its boundary is hidden.

Let $ABC$ be a scalene triangle with $\angle A = 60^{\circ}$. Let $E$ and $F$ be the feet of the angle bisectors of $\angle ABC$ and $\angle ACB$, respectively, and let $I$ be the incenter of $\triangle ABC$. Let $P,Q$ be distinct points such that $\triangle PEF$ and $\triangle QEF$ are equilateral. If $O$ is the circumcenter of of $\triangle APQ$, show that $\overline{OI}\perp \overline{BC}$. [i]Proposed by Vincent Huang

The sum of $3$ real numbers is known to be zero. If the sum of their cubes is $\pi^e$, what is their product equal to?

[u]Round 1[/u] [b]p1.[/b] Alice has a pizza with eight slices. On each slice, she either adds only salt, only pepper, or leaves it plain. Determine how many ways there are for Alice to season her entire pizza. [b]p2.[/b] Call a number almost prime if it has exactly three divisors. Find the number of almost prime numbers less than $100$. [b]p3.[/b] Determine the maximum number of points of intersection between a circle and a regular pentagon. [u]Round 2[/u] [b]p4.[/b] Let $d(n)$ denote the number of positive integer divisors of $n$. Find $d(d(20^{18}))$. [b]p5.[/b] $20$ chubbles are equal to $19$ flubbles. $20$ flubbles are equal to $18$ bubbles. How many bubbles are $1000$ chubbles worth? [b]p6.[/b] Square $ABCD$ and equilateral triangle $EFG$ have equal area. Compute $\frac{AB}{EF}$ . [u]Round 3[/u] [b]p7.[/b] Find the minimumvalue of $y$ such that $y = x^2 -6x -9$ where x is a real number. [b]p8.[/b] I have $2$ pairs of red socks, $5$ pairs of white socks, and $7$ pairs of blue socks. If I randomly pull out one sock at a time without replacement, how many socks do I need to draw to guarantee that I have drawn $3$ pairs of socks of the same color? [b]p9. [/b]There are $23$ paths from my house to the school, $29$ paths from the school to the library, and $3$ paths fromthe library to town center. Additionally, there are $6$ paths directly from my house to the library. If I have to pass through the library to get to town center, howmany ways are there to travel from my house all the way to the town center? [u]Round 4[/u] [b]p10.[/b] A circle of radius $25$ and a circle of radius $4$ are externally tangent. A line is tangent to the circle of radius $25$ at $A$ and the circle of radius $4$ at $B$, where $A \ne B$. Compute the length of $AB$. [b]p11.[/b] A gambler spins two wheels, one numbered $1$ to $4$ and another numbered $1$ to $5$, and the amount of money he wins is the sum of the two numbers he spins in dollars. Determine the expected amount of money he will win. [b]p12.[/b] Find the remainder when $20^{19}$ is divided by $18$. PS. You should use hide for answers. Rounds 5-8 have been posted [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c3h3166012p28809547]here [/url] and 9-12 [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c3h3166099p28810427]here[/url].Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309]here[/url].

Let $ A_{1}A_{2}A_{3}A_{4}A_{5}$ be a convex pentagon, such that \[ [A_{1}A_{2}A_{3}] \equal{} [A_{2}A_{3}A_{4}] \equal{} [A_{3}A_{4}A_{5}] \equal{} [A_{4}A_{5}A_{1}] \equal{} [A_{5}A_{1}A_{2}].\] Prove that there exists a point $ M$ in the plane of the pentagon such that \[ [A_{1}MA_{2}] \equal{} [A_{2}MA_{3}] \equal{} [A_{3}MA_{4}] \equal{} [A_{4}MA_{5}] \equal{} [A_{5}MA_{1}].\] Here $ [XYZ]$ stands for the area of the triangle $ \Delta XYZ$.

In the diagram below, $AX$ is parallel to $BY$, $AB$ is perpendicular to $BY$, and $AZB$ is an isosceles right triangle. If $AB = 7$ and $XY =25$, what is the length of $AX$? [asy] size(7cm); draw((0,0)--(0,7)--(17/2,7)--(-31/2,0)--(0,0)); draw((0,0)--(-7/2,7/2)--(0,7)); label("$B$",(0,0),S); label("$Y$",(-31/2,0),S); label("$A$",(0,7),N); label("$X$",(17/2,7),N); label("$Z$",(-7/2,7/2),N); [/asy] $\textbf{(A) }\frac{17}{3}\qquad\textbf{(B) }\frac{17}{2}\qquad\textbf{(C) }9\qquad\textbf{(D) }\frac{51}{4}\qquad\textbf{(E) }12$

Let $\alpha_1,\alpha_2,\alpha_3$ be three congruent circles that are tangent to each other. A third circle $\beta$ is tangent to them at points $A_1,A_2,A_3$ respectively. Let $P$ be a point on $\beta$ which is different from $A_1,A_2,A_3$. For $i=1,2,3$, let $B_i$ be the second intersection point of the line $PA_i$ with circle $\alpha_i$. Prove that $\Delta B_1B_2B_3$ is equilateral.

The point $A_1$ on the perimeter of a convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ is such that the line $AA_1$ divides the quadrilateral into two parts of equal area. The points $B_1$, $C_1$, $D_1$ are defined similarly. Prove that the area of the quadrilateral $A_1B_1C_1D_1$ is greater than a quarter of the area of $ABCD$. [i]L. Emelyanov [/i]

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $\angle A = 90^o$ and let $D$ be an orthogonal projection of $A$ onto $BC$. The midpoints of $AD$ and $AC$ are called $E$ and $F$, respectively. Let $M$ be the circumcentre of $\vartriangle BEF$. Prove that $AC\parallel BM$.

In convex polyhedron $ABCDE$ line segment $DE$ intersects the plane of triangle $ABC$ inside the triangle. Rotate the point $D$ outward into the plane of triangle $ABC$ around the lines $AB$, $BC$, $CA$; let the resulting points be $D_1$, $D_2$, and $D_3$. Similarly, rotate the point $E$ outward into the plane of triangle $ABC$ around the lines $AB$, $BC$, $CA$; let the resulting points be $E_1$, $E_2$, and $E_3$. Show that if the polyhedron has an inscribed sphere, then the circumcircles of $D_1D_2D_3$ and $E_1E_2E_3$ are concentric. [i]Proposed by: Géza Kós, Budapest[/i]

Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle. Its incircle touches the sides $BC$, $CA$ and $AB$ at the points $D$, $E$ and $F$, respectively. Let $P$, $Q$ and $R$ be the circumcenters of triangles $AEF$, $BDF$ and $CDE$, respectively. Prove that triangles $ABC$ and $PQR$ are similar.

In a plane there is a triangle $ABC$. Line $AC$ is tangent to circle $c_A$ at point $C$ and circle $c_A$ passes through point $B$. Line $BC$ is tangent to circle $c_B$ at point $C$ and circle $c_B$ passes through point $A$. The second intersection point $S$ of circles $c_A$ and $c_B$ coincides with the incenter of triangle $ABC$. Prove that the triangle $ABC$ is equilateral.

Let be given a triangle $ ABC$ with $ BC \equal{} a$, $ CA \equal{} b$, $ AB \equal{} c$. Six distinct points $ A_1$, $ A_2$, $ B_1$, $ B_2$, $ C_1$, $ C_2$ not coinciding with $ A$, $ B$, $ C$ are chosen so that $ A_1$, $ A_2$ lie on line $ BC$; $ B_1$, $ B_2$ lie on $ CA$ and $ C_1$, $ C_2$ lie on $ AB$. Let $ \alpha$, $ \beta$, $ \gamma$ three real numbers satisfy $ \overrightarrow{A_1A_2} \equal{} \frac {\alpha}{a}\overrightarrow{BC}$, $ \overrightarrow{B_1B_2} \equal{} \frac {\beta}{b}\overrightarrow{CA}$, $ \overrightarrow{C_1C_2} \equal{} \frac {\gamma}{c}\overrightarrow{AB}$. Let $ d_A$, $ d_B$, $ d_C$ be respectively the radical axes of the circumcircles of the pairs of triangles $ AB_1C_1$ and $ AB_2C_2$; $ BC_1A_1$ and $ BC_2A_2$; $ CA_1B_1$ and $ CA_2B_2$. Prove that $ d_A$, $ d_B$ and $ d_C$ are concurrent if and only if $ \alpha a \plus{} \beta b \plus{} \gamma c \neq 0$.

Let $ABCD$ be a square, and let $P$ be a point on the minor arc $CD$ of its circumcircle. The lines $PA, PB$ meet the diagonals $BD, AC$ at points $K, L$ respectively. The points $M, N$ are the projections of $K, L$ respectively to $CD$, and $Q$ is the common point of lines $KN$ and $ML$. Prove that $PQ$ bisects the segment $AB$.

Points $E$ and $F$ are taken on the diagonals $AB_1$ and $CA_1$ of the lateral faces $ABB_1A_1$ and $CAA_1C_1$ of a triangular prism $ABCA_1B_1C_1$ so that $EF\parallel BC_1$. Find the ratio of the lengths of $EF$ and $BC_1$.

A parabola $p$ is drawn on the coordinate plane — the graph of the equation $y =-x^2$, and a point $A$ is marked that does not lie on the parabola $p$. All possible parabolas $q$ of the form $y = x^2+ax+b$ are drawn through point $A$, intersecting $p$ at two points $X$ and $Y$ . Prove that all possible $XY$ lines pass through a fixed point in the plane. [i]P.A.Kozhevnikov[/i]

Given a convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ with $AB = BC $and $\angle ABD = \angle BCD = 90$.Let point $E$ be the intersection of diagonals $AC$ and $BD$. Point $F$ lies on the side $AD$ such that $\frac{AF}{F D}=\frac{CE}{EA}$.. Circle $\omega$ with diameter $DF$ and the circumcircle of triangle $ABF$ intersect for the second time at point $K$. Point $L$ is the second intersection of $EF$ and $\omega$. Prove that the line $KL$ passes through the midpoint of $CE$. [i]Proposed by Mahdi Etesamifard and Amir Parsa Hosseini - Iran[/i]

The chords $AB$ and $CD$ of a sphere intersect at $X. A, C$ and $X$ are equidistant from a point $Y$ on the sphere. Show that $BD$ and $XY$ are perpendicular.

Several non-intersecting diagonals divide a convex polygon into triangles. At each vertex of the polygon the number of triangles adjacent to it is written. Is it possible to reconstruct all the diagonals using these numbers if the diagonals are erased?

[b]p1.[/b] Consider a triangular grid: nodes of the grid are painted black and white. At a single step you are allowed to change colors of all nodes situated on any straight line (with the slope $0^o$ ,$60^o$, or $120^o$ ) going through the nodes of the grid. Can you transform the combination in the left picture into the one in the right picture in a finite number of steps? [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/3/a/957b199149269ce1d0f66b91a1ac0737cf3f89.png[/img] [b]p2.[/b] Find $x$ satisfying $\sqrt{x\sqrt{x \sqrt{x ...}}} = \sqrt{2022}$ where it is an infinite expression on the left side. [b]p3.[/b] $179$ glasses are placed upside down on a table. You are allowed to do the following moves. An integer number $k$ is fixed. In one move you are allowed to turn any $k$ glasses . (a) Is it possible in a finite number of moves to turn all $179$ glasses into “bottom-down” positions if $k=3$? (b) Is it possible to do it if $k=4$? [b]p4.[/b] An interval of length $1$ is drawn on a paper. Using a compass and a simple ruler construct an interval of length $\sqrt{93}$. [b]p5.[/b] Show that $5^{2n+1} + 3^{n+2} 2^{n-1} $ is divisible by $19$ for any positive integer $n$. [b]p6.[/b] Solve the system $$\begin{cases} \dfrac{xy}{x+y}=1-z \\ \dfrac{yz}{y+z}=2-x \\ \dfrac{xz}{x+z}=2-y \end{cases}$$ PS. You should use hide for answers. Collected [url=https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c5h2760506p24143309]here[/url].

An equilateral triangle whose side is $ 2$ is divided into a triangle and a trapezoid by a line drawn parallel to one of its sides. If the area of the trapezoid equals one-half of the area of the original triangle, the length of the median of the trapezoid is: $ \textbf{(A)}\ \frac{\sqrt{6}}{2} \qquad \textbf{(B)}\ \sqrt{2} \qquad \textbf{(C)}\ 2\plus{}\sqrt{2} \qquad \textbf{(D)}\ \frac{2\plus{}\sqrt{2}}{2} \qquad \textbf{(E)}\ \frac{2\sqrt{3}\minus{}\sqrt{6}}{2}$

In a right triangle $ABC$ ($\angle C = 90^o$) it is known that $AC = 4$ cm, $BC = 3$ cm. The points $A_1, B_1$ and $C_1$ are such that $AA_1 \parallel BC$, $BB_1\parallel A_1C$, $CC_1\parallel A_1B_1$, $A_1B_1C_1= 90^o$, $A_1B_1= 1$ cm. Find $B_1C_1$.

In a triangle $ABC, AC = BC$ and $D$ is the midpoint of $AB$. Let $E$ be an arbitrary point on line $AB$ which is not $B$ or $D$. Let $O$ be the circumcenter of $\vartriangle ACE$ and $F$ the intersection of the perpendicular from $E$ to $BC$ and the perpendicular to $DO$ at $D$. Prove that the acute angle between $BC$ and $BF$ does not depend on the choice of point $E$.