Found problems: 2023
1998 Romania Team Selection Test, 1
Let $ABC$ be an equilateral triangle and $n\ge 2$ be an integer. Denote by $\mathcal{A}$ the set of $n-1$ straight lines which are parallel to $BC$ and divide the surface $[ABC]$ into $n$ polygons having the same area and denote by $\mathcal{P}$ the set of $n-1$ straight lines parallel to $BC$ which divide the surface $[ABC]$ into $n$ polygons having the same perimeter.
Prove that the intersection $\mathcal{A} \cap \mathcal{P}$ is empty.
[i]Laurentiu Panaitopol[/i]
2010 Contests, 3
In an acute-angled triangle $ABC$, $CF$ is an altitude, with $F$ on $AB$, and $BM$ is a median, with $M$ on $CA$. Given that $BM=CF$ and $\angle MBC=\angle FCA$, prove that triangle $ABC$ is equilateral.
2002 Romania Team Selection Test, 3
Let $M$ and $N$ be the midpoints of the respective sides $AB$ and $AC$ of an acute-angled triangle $ABC$. Let $P$ be the foot of the perpendicular from $N$ onto $BC$ and let $A_1$ be the midpoint of $MP$. Points $B_1$ and $C_1$ are obtained similarly. If $AA_1$, $BB_1$ and $CC_1$ are concurrent, show that the triangle $ABC$ is isosceles.
[i]Mircea Becheanu[/i]
2007 Indonesia TST, 2
Let $ ABCD$ be a convex quadrtilateral such that $ AB$ is not parallel with $ CD$. Let $ \Gamma_1$ be a circle that passes through $ A$ and $ B$ and is tangent to $ CD$ at $ P$. Also, let $ \Gamma_2$ be a circle that passes through $ C$ and $ D$ and is tangent to $ AB$ at $ Q$. Let the circles $ \Gamma_1$ and $ \Gamma_2$ intersect at $ E$ and $ F$. Prove that $ EF$ passes through the midpoint of $ PQ$ iff $ BC \parallel AD$.
2016 Czech-Polish-Slovak Match, 3
Let $ABC$ be an acute-angled triangle with $AB < AC$. Tangent to its circumcircle $\Omega$ at $A$ intersects the line $BC$ at $D$. Let $G$ be the centroid of $\triangle ABC$ and let $AG$ meet $\Omega$ again at $H \neq A$. Suppose the line $DG$ intersects the lines $AB$ and $AC$ at $E$ and $F$, respectively. Prove that $\angle EHG = \angle GHF$.(Slovakia)
2010 ELMO Shortlist, 2
Given a triangle $ABC$, a point $P$ is chosen on side $BC$. Points $M$ and $N$ lie on sides $AB$ and $AC$, respectively, such that $MP \parallel AC$ and $NP \parallel AB$. Point $P$ is reflected across $MN$ to point $Q$. Show that triangle $QMB$ is similar to triangle $CNQ$.
[i]Brian Hamrick.[/i]
1990 IberoAmerican, 2
Let $ABC$ be a triangle. $I$ is the incenter, and the incircle is tangent to $BC$, $CA$, $AB$ at $D$, $E$, $F$, respectively. $P$ is the second point of intersection of $AD$ and the incircle. If $M$ is the midpoint of $EF$, show that $P$, $I$, $M$, $D$ are concyclic.
2006 QEDMO 2nd, 14
On the sides $BC$, $CA$, $AB$ of an acute-angled triangle $ABC$, we erect (outwardly) the squares $BB_aC_aC$, $CC_bA_bA$, $AA_cB_cB$, respectively. On the sides $B_cB_a$ and $C_aC_b$ of the triangles $BB_cB_a$ and $CC_aC_b$, we erect (outwardly) the squares $B_cB_vB_uB_a$ and $C_aC_uC_vC_b$.
Prove that $B_uC_u\parallel BC$.
[i]Comment.[/i] This problem originates in the 68th Moscow MO 2005, and a solution was posted in http://www.mathlinks.ro/Forum/viewtopic.php?t=30184 . However ingenious this solution is, there is a different one which shows a bit more: $B_uC_u=4\cdot BC$.
Darij
2007 Italy TST, 2
Let $ABC$ a acute triangle.
(a) Find the locus of all the points $P$ such that, calling $O_{a}, O_{b}, O_{c}$ the circumcenters of $PBC$, $PAC$, $PAB$:
\[\frac{ O_{a}O_{b}}{AB}= \frac{ O_{b}O_{c}}{BC}=\frac{ O_{c}O_{a}}{CA}\]
(b) For all points $P$ of the locus in (a), show that the lines $AO_{a}$, $BO_{b}$ , $CO_{c}$ are cuncurrent (in $X$);
(c) Show that the power of $X$ wrt the circumcircle of $ABC$ is:
\[-\frac{ a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2}-5R^{2}}4\]
Where $a=BC$ , $b=AC$ and $c=AB$.
2013 Sharygin Geometry Olympiad, 1
A circle $k$ passes through the vertices $B, C$ of a scalene triangle $ABC$. $k$ meets the extensions of $AB, AC$ beyond $B, C$ at $P, Q$ respectively. Let $A_1$ is the foot the altitude drop from $A$ to $BC$. Suppose $A_1P=A_1Q$. Prove that $\widehat{PA_1Q}=2\widehat{BAC}$.
2012 Iran Team Selection Test, 3
Suppose $ABCD$ is a parallelogram. Consider circles $w_1$ and $w_2$ such that $w_1$ is tangent to segments $AB$ and $AD$ and $w_2$ is tangent to segments $BC$ and $CD$. Suppose that there exists a circle which is tangent to lines $AD$ and $DC$ and externally tangent to $w_1$ and $w_2$. Prove that there exists a circle which is tangent to lines $AB$ and $BC$ and also externally tangent to circles $w_1$ and $w_2$.
[i]Proposed by Ali Khezeli[/i]
2011 ELMO Shortlist, 2
Let $\omega,\omega_1,\omega_2$ be three mutually tangent circles such that $\omega_1,\omega_2$ are externally tangent at $P$, $\omega_1,\omega$ are internally tangent at $A$, and $\omega,\omega_2$ are internally tangent at $B$. Let $O,O_1,O_2$ be the centers of $\omega,\omega_1,\omega_2$, respectively. Given that $X$ is the foot of the perpendicular from $P$ to $AB$, prove that $\angle{O_1XP}=\angle{O_2XP}$.
[i]David Yang.[/i]
2005 Bundeswettbewerb Mathematik, 3
Two circles $k_1$ and $k_2$ intersect at two points $A$ and $B$. Some line through the point $B$ meets the circle $k_1$ at a point $C$ (apart from $B$), and the circle $k_2$ at a point $E$ (apart from $B$). Another line through the point $B$ meets the circle $k_1$ at a point $D$ (apart from $B$), and the circle $k_2$ at a point $F$ (apart from $B$). Assume that the point $B$ lies between the points $C$ and $E$ and between the points $D$ and $F$.
Finally, let $M$ and $N$ be the midpoints of the segments $CE$ and $DF$.
Prove that the triangles $ACD$, $AEF$ and $AMN$ are similar to each other.
1997 Iran MO (3rd Round), 2
Show that for any arbitrary triangle $ABC$, we have
\[\sin\left(\frac{A}{2}\right) \cdot \sin\left(\frac{B}{2}\right) \cdot \sin\left(\frac{C}{2}\right) \leq \frac{abc}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}.\]
2007 Czech-Polish-Slovak Match, 3
A convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ inscribed in a circle $k$ has the property that the rays $DA$ and $CB$ meet at a point $E$ for which $CD^2=AD\cdot ED.$ The perpendicular to $ED$ at $A$ intersects $k$ again at point $F.$ Prove that the segments $AD$ and $CF$ are congruent if and only if the circumcenter
of $\triangle ABE$ lies on $ED.$
2015 Balkan MO, 2
Let $\triangle{ABC}$ be a scalene triangle with incentre $I$ and circumcircle $\omega$. Lines $AI, BI, CI$ intersect $\omega$ for the second time at points $D, E, F$, respectively. The parallel lines from $I$ to the sides $BC, AC, AB$ intersect $EF, DF, DE$ at points $K, L, M$, respectively. Prove that the points $K, L, M$ are collinear.
[i](Cyprus)[/i]
1993 Brazil National Olympiad, 3
Given a circle and its center $O$, a point $A$ inside the circle and a distance $h$, construct a triangle $BAC$ with $\angle BAC = 90^\circ$, $B$ and $C$ on the circle and the altitude from $A$ length $h$.
2001 Bulgaria National Olympiad, 2
Suppose that $ABCD$ is a parallelogram such that $DAB>90$. Let the point $H$ to be on $AD$ such that $BH$ is perpendicular to $AD$. Let the point $M$ to be the midpoint of $AB$. Let the point $K$ to be the intersecting point of the line $DM$ with the circumcircle of $ADB$. Prove that $HKCD$ is concyclic.
1992 Iran MO (2nd round), 1
Let $ABC$ be a right triangle with $\angle A=90^\circ.$ The bisectors of the angles $B$ and $C$ meet each other in $I$ and meet the sides $AC$ and $AB$ in $D$ and $E$, respectively. Prove that $S_{BCDE}=2S_{BIC},$ where $S$ is the area function.
[asy]
import graph; size(200); real lsf = 0.5; pen dp = linewidth(0.7) + fontsize(10); defaultpen(dp); pen ds = black; pen ttqqcc = rgb(0.2,0,0.8); pen qqwuqq = rgb(0,0.39,0); pen xdxdff = rgb(0.49,0.49,1); pen fftttt = rgb(1,0.2,0.2); pen ccccff = rgb(0.8,0.8,1);
draw((1.89,4.08)--(1.89,4.55)--(1.42,4.55)--(1.42,4.08)--cycle,qqwuqq); draw((1.42,4.08)--(7.42,4.1),ttqqcc+linewidth(1.6pt)); draw((1.4,10.08)--(1.42,4.08),ttqqcc+linewidth(1.6pt)); draw((1.4,10.08)--(7.42,4.1),ttqqcc+linewidth(1.6pt)); draw((1.4,10.08)--(4,4.09),fftttt+linewidth(1.2pt)); draw((7.42,4.1)--(1.41,6.24),fftttt+linewidth(1.2pt)); draw((1.41,6.24)--(4,4.09),ccccff+linetype("5pt 5pt"));
dot((1.42,4.08),ds); label("$A$", (1.1,3.66),NE*lsf); dot((7.42,4.1),ds); label("$B$", (7.15,3.75),NE*lsf); dot((1.4,10.08),ds); label("$C$", (1.49,10.22),NE*lsf); dot((4,4.09),ds); label("$E$", (3.96,3.46),NE*lsf); dot((1.41,6.24),ds); label("$D$", (0.9,6.17),NE*lsf); dot((3.37,5.54),ds); label("$I$", (3.45,5.69),NE*lsf); clip((-6.47,-7.49)--(-6.47,11.47)--(16.06,11.47)--(16.06,-7.49)--cycle); [/asy]
2005 QEDMO 1st, 2 (G2)
Let $ABC$ be a triangle. Let $C^{\prime}$ and $A^{\prime}$ be the reflections of its vertices $C$ and $A$, respectively, in the altitude of triangle $ABC$ issuing from $B$. The perpendicular to the line $BA^{\prime}$ through the point $C^{\prime}$ intersects the line $BC$ at $U$; the perpendicular to the line $BC^{\prime}$ through the point $A^{\prime}$ intersects the line $BA$ at $V$. Prove that $UV \parallel CA$.
Darij
1983 IMO Longlists, 11
A boy at point $A$ wants to get water at a circular lake and carry it to point $B$. Find the point $C$ on the lake such that the distance walked by the boy is the shortest possible given that the line $AB$ and the lake are exterior to each other.
2014 Uzbekistan National Olympiad, 5
Let $PA_1A_2...A_{12} $ be the regular pyramid, $ A_1A_2...A_{12} $ is regular polygon, $S$ is area of the triangle $PA_1A_5$ and angle between of the planes $A_1A_2...A_{12} $ and $ PA_1A_5 $ is equal to $ \alpha $.
Find the volume of the pyramid.
2009 China Team Selection Test, 1
In convex pentagon $ ABCDE$, denote by
$ AD\cap BE = F,BE\cap CA = G,CA\cap DB = H,DB\cap EC = I,EC\cap AD = J; AI\cap BE = A',BJ%Error. "capCA" is a bad command.
= B',CF%Error. "capDB" is a bad command.
= C',DG\cap EC = D',EH\cap AD = E'.$
Prove that $ \frac {AB'}{B'C}\cdot\frac {CD'}{D'E}\cdot\frac {EA'}{A'B}\cdot\frac {BC'}{C'D}\cdot\frac {DE'}{E'A} = 1$.
2011 ELMO Shortlist, 4
Prove that for any convex pentagon $A_1A_2A_3A_4A_5$, there exists a unique pair of points $\{P,Q\}$ (possibly with $P=Q$) such that $\measuredangle{PA_i A_{i-1}} = \measuredangle{A_{i+1}A_iQ}$ for $1\le i\le 5$, where indices are taken $\pmod5$ and angles are directed $\pmod\pi$.
[i]Calvin Deng.[/i]
2004 Germany Team Selection Test, 2
Let $d$ be a diameter of a circle $k$, and let $A$ be an arbitrary point on this diameter $d$ in the interior of $k$. Further, let $P$ be a point in the exterior of $k$. The circle with diameter $PA$ meets the circle $k$ at the points $M$ and $N$.
Find all points $B$ on the diameter $d$ in the interior of $k$ such that
\[\measuredangle MPA = \measuredangle BPN \quad \text{and} \quad PA \leq PB.\]
(i. e. give an explicit description of these points without using the points $M$ and $N$).