Let $f: [0,\infty)\to \mathbb{R}$ a non-decreasing function. Then show this inequality holds for all $x,y,z$ such that $0\le x<y<z$. \begin{align*} & (z-x)\int_{y}^{z}f(u)\,\mathrm{du}\ge (z-y)\int_{x}^{z}f(u)\,\mathrm{du} \end{align*}

Let $a,\ b$ be positive constants. Evaluate \[\int_0^1 \frac{\ln \frac{(x+a)^{x+a}}{(x+b)^{x+b}}}{(x+a)(x+b)\ln (x+a)\ln (x+b)}\ dx.\]

Given a figure $F: x^2+\frac{y^2}{3}=1$ on the coordinate plane. Denote by $S_n$ the area of the common part of the $n+1' s$ figures formed by rotating $F$ of $\frac{k}{2n}\pi\ (k=0,\ 1,\ 2,\ \cdots,\ n)$ radians counterclockwise about the origin. Find $\lim_{n\to\infty} S_n$.

The positive function $p(n)$ is defined as the number of ways that the positive integer $n$ can be written as a sum of positive integers. Show that, for all positive integers $n \ge 2$, \[2^{\lfloor \sqrt{n}\rfloor}< p(n) < n^{3 \lfloor\sqrt{n}\rfloor }.\]

Determine a quadric polynomial with intergral coefficients whose roots are $\cos 72^{\circ}$ and $\cos 144^{\circ}.$

Let $ a\in (1,\infty) $ and a countinuous function $ f:[0,\infty)\longrightarrow\mathbb{R} $ having the property: $$ \lim_{x\to \infty} xf(x)\in\mathbb{R} . $$ [b]a)[/b] Show that the integral $ \int_1^{\infty} \frac{f(x)}{x}dx $ and the limit $ \lim_{t\to\infty} t\int_{1}^a f\left( x^t \right) dx $ both exist, are finite and equal. [b]b)[/b] Calculate $ \lim_{t\to \infty} t\int_1^a \frac{dx}{1+x^t} . $

Find the limit as below. \[\lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{(1^2+2^2+\cdots +n^2)(1^3+2^3+\cdots +n^3)(1^4+2^4+\cdots +n^4)}{(1^5+2^5+\cdots +n^5)^2}\]

Let be a continuous function $ f:\mathbb{R}\longrightarrow\mathbb{R} $ having a positive period $ T. $ Prove that: $$ \lim_{n\to\infty } e^{-nT}\int_0^{nT} e^tf(t)dt=\frac{1}{e^T-1}\int_0^T e^tf(t)dt $$

For nonzero real numbers $ r,\ l$ and the positive constant number $ c$, consider the curve on the $ xy$ plane : $ y \equal{} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} x^2 & (0\leq x\leq r)\quad \\ r^2 & (r\leq x\leq l \plus{} r)\quad \\ (x \minus{} l \minus{} 2r)^2 & (l \plus{} r\leq x\leq l \plus{} 2r)\quad \end{array} \right.$ Denote $ V$ the volume of the solid by revolvering the curve about the $ x$ axis. Let $ r,\ l$ vary in such a way that $ r^2 \plus{} l \equal{} c$. Find the values of $ r,\ l$ which gives the maxmimum volume.

Let $I_n=\frac{1}{n+1}\int_0^{\pi} x(\sin nx+n\pi\cos nx)dx\ \ (n=1,\ 2,\ \cdots).$ Answer the questions below. (1) Find $I_n.$ (2) Find $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} I_n.$

A positive integer $n$ is called [i]mythical[/i] if every divisor of $n$ is two less than a prime. Find the unique mythical number with the largest number of divisors. [i]Proposed by Evan Chen[/i]

For positive constant $a$, let $C: y=\frac{a}{2}(e^{\frac{x}{a}}+e^{-\frac{x}{a}})$. Denote by $l(t)$ the length of the part $a\leq y\leq t$ for $C$ and denote by $S(t)$ the area of the part bounded by the line $y=t\ (a<t)$ and $C$. Find $\lim_{t\to\infty} \frac{S(t)}{l(t)\ln t}.$

Determine all polynomials with integral coefficients $P(x)$ such that if $a,b,c$ are the sides of a right-angled triangle, then $P(a), P(b), P(c)$ are also the sides of a right-angled triangle. (Sides of a triangle are necessarily positive. Note that it's not necessary for the order of sides to be preserved; if $c$ is the hypotenuse of the first triangle, it's not necessary that $P(c)$ is the hypotenuse of the second triangle, and similar with the others.)

Hello, I've been trying to solve this for a while now, but no success! I mean, I have an expression for this but not a closed one. I derived something in terms of Tchebychev Polynomials : cos(nx) = P_n(cos(x)). Any help is appreciated. Compute the following primitive: \[ \int \frac{x\sin\left(2004 x\right)}{\tan x}\ dx\]

Let $ T \equal{} \int_0^{\ln2} \frac {2e^{3x} \plus{} e^{2x} \minus{} 1} {e^{3x} \plus{} e^{2x} \minus{} e^x \plus{} 1}dx$. Evaluate $ e^T$.

Let $0 \le a < b$ be real numbers. Prove that there is no continuous function $f : [a, b] \to \mathbb{R}$ such that \[ \int_a^b f(x)x^{2n} \mathrm dx>0 \quad \text{and} \quad \int_a^b f(x)x^{2n+1} \mathrm dx <0 \] for every integer $n \ge 0$.

Evaluate $ \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \frac{\sin ^ 2 x}{\cos ^ 3 x}\ dx$.

Evaluate $\int_0^{\infty} \frac{1}{e^{x}(1+e^{4x})}dx.$

Suppose $a_1, \dots, a_n$ are integers whose greatest common divisor is 1. Let $S$ be a set of integers with the following properties: (a) For $i=1, \dots, n$, $a_i \in S$. (b) For $i,j = 1, \dots, n$ (not necessarily distinct), $a_i - a_j \in S$. (c) For any integers $x,y \in S$, if $x+y \in S$, then $x-y \in S$. Prove that $S$ must be equal to the set of all integers.

\[\int_1^2 \frac{\sqrt{1-\frac 1x}}{x^2-1}\mathrm dx\] [i]Proposed by Connor Gordon[/i]

\[\int_{\frac 1{\sqrt 3}}^{\sqrt 3} \frac{\arctan(x)\log^2(x)}{x}\,\mathrm dx\] [i]Proposed by Connor Gordon[/i]

Let $D$ be a plane region bounded by a circle of radius $r.$ Let $(x,y)$ be a point of $D$ and consider a circle of radius $\delta$ and center at $(x,y).$ Denote by $l(x,y)$ the length of that arc of the circle which is outside $D.$ Find $$\lim_{\delta \to 0} \frac{1}{\delta^{2}} \int_{D} l(x,y)\; dx\; dy.$$

Solve the equation \[\int_0^1(x+y)^2u(x)dx=\lambda u(y)+1\]

(1) Let $x>0,\ y$ be real numbers. For variable $t$, find the difference of Maximum and minimum value of the quadratic function $f(t)=xt^2+yt$ in $0\leq t\leq 1$. (2) Let $S$ be the domain of the points $(x,\ y)$ in the coordinate plane forming the following condition: For $x>0$ and all real numbers $t$ with $0\leq t\leq 1$ , there exists real number $z$ for which $0\leq xt^2+yt+z\leq 1$ . Sketch the outline of $S$. (3) Let $V$ be the domain of the points $(x,\ y,\ z) $ in the coordinate space forming the following condition: For $0\leq x\leq 1$ and for all real numbers $t$ with $0\leq t\leq 1$, $0\leq xt^2+yt+z\leq 1$ holds. Find the volume of $V$. [i]2011 Tokyo University entrance exam/Science, Problem 6[/i]

Let $k$ and $a$ are positive constants. Denote by $V_1$ the volume of the solid generated by a rotation of the figure enclosed by the curve $C: y=\frac{x}{x+k}\ (x\geq 0)$, the line $x=a$ and the $x$-axis around the $x$-axis, and denote by $V_2$ that of the solid by a rotation of the figure enclosed by the curve $C$, the line $y=\frac{a}{a+k}$ and the $y$-axis around the $y$-axis. Find the ratio $\frac{V_2}{V_1}.$