Olympiad problems

2018 Hanoi Open Mathematics Competitions, 3

The lines $\ell_1$ and \ell_2 are parallel. The points $A_1,A_2, ...,A_7$ are on $\ell_1$ and the points $B_1,B_2,...,B_8$ are on $\ell_2$. The points are arranged in such a way that the number of internal intersections among the line segments is maximized (example Figure). The [b]greatest number[/b] of intersection points is [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/4/9/92153dce5a48fcba0f5175d67e0750b7980e84.png[/img] A. $580$ B. $585$ C. $588$ D. $590$ E. $593$

2009 Sharygin Geometry Olympiad, 4

Tags: geometry , reflection , locus , parallel lines , incenter , geometric transformation

Three parallel lines $d_a, d_b, d_c$ pass through the vertex of triangle $ABC$. The reflections of $d_a, d_b, d_c$ in $BC, CA, AB$ respectively form triangle $XYZ$. Find the locus of incenters of such triangles. (C.Pohoata)

2018 Pan-African Shortlist, G5

Tags: triangle , parallel lines , incircle , geometry

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $AB \neq AC$. The incircle of $ABC$ touches the sides $BC$, $CA$, $AB$ at $X$, $Y$, $Z$ respectively. The line through $Z$ and $Y$ intersects $BC$ extended in $X^\prime$. The lines through $B$ that are parallel to $AX$ and $AC$ intersect $AX^\prime$ in $K$ and $L$ respectively. Prove that $AK = KL$.

2013 Sharygin Geometry Olympiad, 16

Tags: geometry , parallel lines , projective geometry , angle bisector , incenter

The incircle of triangle $ABC$ touches $BC$, $CA$, $AB$ at points $A_1$, $B_1$, $C_1$, respectively. The perpendicular from the incenter $I$ to the median from vertex $C$ meets the line $A_1B_1$ in point $K$. Prove that $CK$ is parallel to $AB$.

1999 Spain Mathematical Olympiad, 6

Tags: combinatorial geometry , parallel lines , minimum , plane , combinatorics

A plane is divided into $N$ regions by three families of parallel lines. No three lines pass through the same point. What is the smallest number of lines needed so that $N > 1999$?

1972 Vietnam National Olympiad, 3

Tags: parallel , parallel lines , collinear , geometry

$ABC$ is a triangle. $U$ is a point on the line $BC$. $I$ is the midpoint of $BC$. The line through $C$ parallel to $AI$ meets the line $AU$ at $E$. The line through $E$ parallel to $BC$ meets the line $AB$ at $F$. The line through $E$ parallel to $AB$ meets the line $BC$ at $H$. The line through $H$ parallel to $AU$ meets the line $AB$ at $K$. The lines $HK$ and $FG$ meet at $T. V$ is the point on the line $AU$ such that $A$ is the midpoint of $UV$. Show that $V, T$ and $I$ are collinear.

2023 Novosibirsk Oral Olympiad in Geometry, 7

Tags: parallel lines , geometry , square

A square with side $1$ is intersected by two parallel lines as shown in the figure. Find the sum of the perimeters of the shaded triangles if the distance between the lines is also $1$. [img]https://cdn.artofproblemsolving.com/attachments/9/e/4e70610b80871325a72e923a0909eff06aebfa.png[/img]

2025 Bangladesh Mathematical Olympiad, P6

Tags: parallel lines , geometry , incircle

Let the incircle of triangle $ABC$ touch sides $BC, CA$ and $AB$ at the points $D, E$ and $F$ respectively and let $I$ be the center of that circle. Furthermore, let $P$ be the foot of the perpendicular from point $I$ to line $AD$ and let $M$ be the midpoint of $DE$. If $N$ is the intersection point of $PM$ and $AC$, prove that $DN \parallel EF$.

2021 Lotfi Zadeh Olympiad, 1

Tags: geometry , parallel lines , cyclic quadrilateral

In the inscribed quadrilateral $ABCD$, $P$ is the intersection point of diagonals and $M$ is the midpoint of arc $AB$. Prove that line $MP$ passes through the midpoint of segment $CD$, if and only if lines $AB, CD$ are parallel.

2021 Macedonian Mathematical Olympiad, Problem 3

Tags: circles , geometry , trapezoid , parallel lines , angle chasing , tangent , cyclic quadrilateral

Let $ABCD$ be a trapezoid with $AD \parallel BC$ and $\angle BCD < \angle ABC < 90^\circ$. Let $E$ be the intersection point of the diagonals $AC$ and $BD$. The circumcircle $\omega$ of $\triangle BEC$ intersects the segment $CD$ at $X$. The lines $AX$ and $BC$ intersect at $Y$, while the lines $BX$ and $AD$ intersect at $Z$. Prove that the line $EZ$ is tangent to $\omega$ iff the line $BE$ is tangent to the circumcircle of $\triangle BXY$.

2016 Brazil National Olympiad, 1

Tags: parallel lines , geometry , incenter

Let $ABC$ be a triangle. $r$ and $s$ are the angle bisectors of $\angle ABC$ and $\angle BCA$, respectively. The points $E$ in $r$ and $D$ in $s$ are such that $AD \| BE$ and $AE \| CD$. The lines $BD$ and $CE$ cut each other at $F$. $I$ is the incenter of $ABC$. Show that if $A,F,I$ are collinear, then $AB=AC$.

1987 Czech and Slovak Olympiad III A, 6

Tags: parallel lines , 3d geometry , geometry

Let $AA',BB',CC'$ be parallel lines not lying in the same plane. Denote $U$ the intersection of the planes $A'BC,AB'C,ABC'$ and $V$ the intersection of the planes $AB'C',A'BC',A'B'C$. Show that the line $UV$ is parallel with $AA'$.

2015 PAMO, Problem 6

Tags: parallelogram , parallel lines , geometry

Let $ABCD$ be a quadrilateral (with non-perpendicular diagonals). The perpendicular from $A$ to $BC$ meets $CD$ at $K$. The perpendicular from $A$ to $CD$ meets $BC$ at $L$. The perpendicular from $C$ to $AB$ meets $AD$ at $M$. The perpendicular from $C$ to $AD$ meets $AB$ at $N$. 1. Prove that $KL$ is parallel to $MN$. 2. Prove that $KLMN$ is a parallelogram if $ABCD$ is cyclic.

2010 Contests, 1

Tags: geometry , projective geometry , parallel lines , cyclic quadrilateral , angle bisector

Let $ ABC$ be a triangle with circum-circle $ \Gamma$. Let $ M$ be a point in the interior of triangle $ ABC$ which is also on the bisector of $ \angle A$. Let $ AM, BM, CM$ meet $ \Gamma$ in $ A_{1}, B_{1}, C_{1}$ respectively. Suppose $ P$ is the point of intersection of $ A_{1}C_{1}$ with $ AB$; and $ Q$ is the point of intersection of $ A_{1}B_{1}$ with $ AC$. Prove that $ PQ$ is parallel to $ BC$.

2025 Alborz Mathematical Olympiad, P1

Tags: midpoint , parallel lines , geometry

Let $ M $ and $ N $ be the midpoints of sides $ BC $ and $ AC $, respectively, in an acute-angled triangle $ ABC $. Suppose there exists a point $ P $ on the line segment $ AM $ such that $ \angle NPC = \angle MPC $. Let $ D $ be the intersection point of the line $ NP $ and the line parallel to $ CP $ passing through $ B $. Prove that $ AD = AB $. Proposed by Soroush Behroozifar

2010 India National Olympiad, 1

Tags: projective geometry , parallel lines , geometry , cyclic quadrilateral , angle bisector

Let $ ABC$ be a triangle with circum-circle $ \Gamma$. Let $ M$ be a point in the interior of triangle $ ABC$ which is also on the bisector of $ \angle A$. Let $ AM, BM, CM$ meet $ \Gamma$ in $ A_{1}, B_{1}, C_{1}$ respectively. Suppose $ P$ is the point of intersection of $ A_{1}C_{1}$ with $ AB$; and $ Q$ is the point of intersection of $ A_{1}B_{1}$ with $ AC$. Prove that $ PQ$ is parallel to $ BC$.

2004 USA Team Selection Test, 4

Tags: circumcircle , geometry , desargue , parallel lines , power of a point

Let $ABC$ be a triangle. Choose a point $D$ in its interior. Let $\omega_1$ be a circle passing through $B$ and $D$ and $\omega_2$ be a circle passing through $C$ and $D$ so that the other point of intersection of the two circles lies on $AD$. Let $\omega_1$ and $\omega_2$ intersect side $BC$ at $E$ and $F$, respectively. Denote by $X$ the intersection of $DF$, $AB$ and $Y$ the intersection of $DE, AC$. Show that $XY \parallel BC$.

Cono Sur Shortlist - geometry, 2003.G6

Tags: locus , parallel lines , geometry

Let $L_1$ and $L_2$ be two parallel lines and $L_3$ a line perpendicular to $L_1$ and $L_2$ at $H$ and $P$, respectively. Points $Q$ and $R$ lie on $L_1$ such that $QR = PR$ ($Q \ne H$). Let $d$ be the diameter of the circle inscribed in the triangle $PQR$. Point $T$ lies $L_2$ in the same semiplane as $Q$ with respect to line $L_3$ such that $\frac{1}{TH}= \frac{1}{d}- \frac{1}{PH}$ . Let $X$ be the intersection point of $PQ$ and $TH$. Find the locus of the points $X$ as $Q$ varies on $L_1$.

2022 European Mathematical Cup, 3

Tags: geometry , incircle , angle bisector , parallel lines

Let $ABC$ be an acute-angled triangle with $AC > BC$, with incircle $\tau$ centered at $I$ which touches $BC$ and $AC$ at points $D$ and $E$, respectively. The point $M$ on $\tau$ is such that $BM \parallel DE$ and $M$ and $B$ lie on the same halfplane with respect to the angle bisector of $\angle ACB$. Let $F$ and $H$ be the intersections of $\tau$ with $BM$ and $CM$ different from $M$, respectively. Let $J$ be a point on the line $AC$ such that $JM \parallel EH$. Let $K$ be the intersection of $JF$ and $\tau$ different from $F$. Prove that $ME \parallel KH$.

2022 Abelkonkurransen Finale, 2b

Tags: parallel lines , area , geometry

Triangles $ABC$ and $DEF$ have pairwise parallel sides: $EF \| BC, FD \| CA$, and $DE \| AB$. The line $m_A$ is the reflection of $EF$ through $BC$, similarly $m_B$ is the reflection of $FD$ through $CA$, and $m_C$ the reflection of $DE$ through $AB$. Assume that the lines $m_A, m_B$, and $m_C$ meet in a common point. What is the ratio between the areas of triangles $ABC$ and $DEF$?

2011 Sharygin Geometry Olympiad, 6

Tags: circumcircle , altitude , collinear , collinearity , parallel lines , geometry

In triangle $ABC$ $AA_0$ and $BB_0$ are medians, $AA_1$ and $BB_1$ are altitudes. The circumcircles of triangles $CA_0B_0$ and $CA_1B_1$ meet again in point $M_c$. Points $M_a, M_b$ are defined similarly. Prove that points $M_a, M_b, M_c$ are collinear and lines $AM_a, BM_b, CM_c$ are parallel.

2018 China Northern MO, 1

Tags: incenter , circumcircle , parallel lines , geometry

In triangle $ABC$, let the circumcenter, incenter, and orthocenter be $O$, $I$, and $H$ respectively. Segments $AO$, $AI$, and $AH$ intersect the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$ at $D$, $E$, and $F$. $CD$ intersects $AE$ at $M$ and $CE$ intersects $AF$ at $N$. Prove that $MN$ is parallel to $BC$.

2015 IFYM, Sozopol, 7

Tags: parallel lines , geometry

Let $ABCD$ be a trapezoid, where $AD\parallel BC$, $BC<AD$, and $AB\cap DC=T$. A circle $k_1$ is inscribed in $\Delta BCT$ and a circle $k_2$ is an excircle for $\Delta ADT$ which is tangent to $AD$ (opposite to $T$). Prove that the tangent line to $k_1$ through $D$, different than $DC$, is parallel to the tangent line to $k_2$ through $B$, different than $BA$.

2023 Sharygin Geometry Olympiad, 20

Tags: geometry , isogonal conjugate , tangent , symmedian , parallel lines

Let a point $D$ lie on the median $AM$ of a triangle $ABC$. The tangents to the circumcircle of triangle $BDC$ at points $B$ and $C$ meet at point $K$. Prove that $DD'$ is parallel to $AK$, where $D'$ is isogonally conjugated to $D$ with respect to $ABC$.

2022 JBMO TST - Turkey, 4

Tags: geometry , parallel lines , angle condition

Given a convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ such that $m(\widehat{ABC})=m(\widehat{BCD})$. The lines $AD$ and $BC$ intersect at a point $P$ and the line passing through $P$ which is parallel to $AB$, intersects $BD$ at $T$. Prove that $$m(\widehat{ACB})=m(\widehat{PCT})$$