Olympiad problems

2021 Yasinsky Geometry Olympiad, 5

Circle $\omega$ is inscribed in the $\vartriangle ABC$, with center $I$. Using only a ruler, divide segment $AI$ in half. (Grigory Filippovsky)

1993 Tournament Of Towns, (368) 7

Tags: combinatorics , combinatorial geometry , coloring

Two coloured points are marked on a line, with the blue one at the left and the red one at the right. You may add to the line two neighbouring points of the same color (both red or both blue) or delete two such points (neighbouring means that there is no coloured point between these two). Prove that after several such transformation you cannot again get only two points on the line in which the red one is at the left and the blue one is at the right. (A Belov)

2023 China Team Selection Test, P15

Tags: geometry

For a convex quadrilateral $ABCD$, call a point in the interior of $ABCD$ [b]balanced[/b], if (1) $P$ is not on $AC,BD$ (2) Let $AP,BP,CP,DP$ intersect the boundaries of $ABCD$ at $A', B', C', D'$, respectively, then $$AP \cdot PA' = BP \cdot PB' = CP \cdot PC' = DP \cdot PD'$$ Find the maximum possible number of balanced points.

2017 NIMO Summer Contest, 10

Tags:

In triangle $ABC$ we have $AB=36$, $BC=48$, $CA=60$. The incircle of $ABC$ is centered at $I$ and touches $AB$, $AC$, $BC$ at $M$, $N$, $D$, respectively. Ray $AI$ meets $BC$ at $K$. The radical axis of the circumcircles of triangles $MAN$ and $KID$ intersects lines $AB$ and $AC$ at $L_1$ and $L_2$, respectively. If $L_1L_2 = x$, compute $x^2$. [i]Proposed by Evan Chen[/i]

1994 Romania TST for IMO, 1:

Tags: quadratic , modular arithmetic , number theory

Find the smallest nomial of this sequence that $a_1=1993^{1994^{1995}}$ and \[ a_{n+1}=\begin{cases}\frac{a_n}{2}&\text{if $n$ is even}\\a_n+7 &\text{if $n$ is odd.} \end{cases} \]

2022 USA TSTST, 2

Tags: geometry

Let $ABC$ be a triangle. Let $\theta$ be a fixed angle for which \[\theta<\frac12\min(\angle A,\angle B,\angle C).\] Points $S_A$ and $T_A$ lie on segment $BC$ such that $\angle BAS_A=\angle T_AAC=\theta$. Let $P_A$ and $Q_A$ be the feet from $B$ and $C$ to $\overline{AS_A}$ and $\overline{AT_A}$ respectively. Then $\ell_A$ is defined as the perpendicular bisector of $\overline{P_AQ_A}$. Define $\ell_B$ and $\ell_C$ analogously by repeating this construction two more times (using the same value of $\theta$). Prove that $\ell_A$, $\ell_B$, and $\ell_C$ are concurrent or all parallel.

2021 Regional Olympiad of Mexico Center Zone, 6

Tags: algebra , number theory , functional equation , sequence

The sequence $a_1,a_2,\dots$ of positive integers obeys the following two conditions: [list] [*] For all positive integers $m,n$, it happens that $a_m\cdot a_n=a_{mn}$ [*] There exist infinite positive integers $n$ such that $(a_1,a_2,\dots,a_n)$ is a permutation of $(1,2,\dots,n)$ [/list] Prove that $a_n=n$ for all positive integers $n$. [i]Proposed by José Alejandro Reyes González[/i]

2006 AMC 12/AHSME, 20

Tags: geometry , 3d geometry , probability

A bug starts at one vertex of a cube and moves along the edges of the cube according to the following rule. At each vertex the bug will choose to travel along one of the three edges emanating from that vertex. Each edge has equal probability of being chosen, and all choices are independent. What is the probability that after seven moves the bug will have visited every vertex exactly once? $ \textbf{(A) } \frac {1}{2187} \qquad \textbf{(B) } \frac {1}{729} \qquad \textbf{(C) } \frac {2}{243} \qquad \textbf{(D) } \frac {1}{81} \qquad \textbf{(E) } \frac {5}{243}$

2011 NIMO Summer Contest, 3

Tags: floor function

Define $\lfloor x \rfloor$ as the largest integer less than or equal to $x$. Define $\{x \} = x - \lfloor x \rfloor$. For example, $\{ 3 \} = 3-3 = 0$, $\{ \pi \} = \pi - 3$, and $\{ - \pi \} = 4-\pi$. If $\{n\} + \{ 3n\} = 1.4$, then find the sum of all possible values of $100\{n\}$. [i]Proposed by Isabella Grabski [/i]

2023 AMC 10, 13

Tags: coordinate geometry

What is the area of the region in the coordinate plane defined by the inequality \[\left||x|-1\right|+\left||y|-1\right|\leq 1?\] $\textbf{(A)}~4\qquad\textbf{(B)}~8\qquad\textbf{(C)}~10\qquad\textbf{(D)}~12\qquad\textbf{(E)}~15$

2009 Today's Calculation Of Integral, 482

Tags: calculus , integration , limit , geometry , rectangle , inequalities , logarithm

Let $ n$ be natural number. Find the limit value of ${ \lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{1}{n}(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{5}}}+\cdots\cdots +\frac{n}{\sqrt{n^2+1}}).$

2007 Croatia Team Selection Test, 7

Tags: algorithm , inequalities , three variable inequality

Let $a,b,c>0$ such that $a+b+c=1$. Prove: \[\frac{a^{2}}b+\frac{b^{2}}c+\frac{c^{2}}a \ge 3(a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2}) \]

2018 CMIMC Individual Finals, 3

Tags: function

For $n\in\mathbb N$, let $x$ be the solution of $x^x=n$. Find the asymptotics of $x$, i.e., express $x=\Theta(f(n))$ for some suitable explicit function of $n$.

1979 AMC 12/AHSME, 5

Tags:

Find the sum of the digits of the largest even three digit number (in base ten representation) which is not changed when its units and hundreds digits are interchanged. $\textbf{(A) }22\qquad\textbf{(B) }23\qquad\textbf{(C) }24\qquad\textbf{(D) }25\qquad\textbf{(E) }26$

1998 Cono Sur Olympiad, 3

Tags: number theory

Prove that, least $30$% of the natural numbers $n$ between $1$ and $1000000$ the first digit of $2^n$ is $1$.

2022 Caucasus Mathematical Olympiad, 2

Tags: geometry , parallelogram , number theory

In parallelogram $ABCD$, points $E$ and $F$ on segments $AD$ and $CD$ are such that $\angle BCE=\angle BAF$. Points $K$ and $L$ on segments $AD$ and $CD$ are such that $AK=ED$ and $CL=FD$. Prove that $\angle BKD=\angle BLD$.

2024 USA TSTST, 7

Tags:

An infinite sequence $a_1$, $a_2$, $a_3$, $\ldots$ of real numbers satisfies \[ a_{2n-1} + a_{2n} > a_{2n+1} + a_{2n+2} \qquad \mbox{and} \qquad a_{2n} + a_{2n+1} < a_{2n+2} + a_{2n+3} \] for every positive integer $n$. Prove that there exists a real number $C$ such that $a_{n} a_{n+1} < C$ for every positive integer $n$. [i]Merlijn Staps[/i]

2014 Postal Coaching, 4

Tags: combinatorics

Show that the number of ordered pairs $(S,T)$ of subsets of $[n]$ satisfying $s>|T|$ for all $s\in S$ and $t>|S|$ for all $t\in T$ is equal to the Fibonacci number $F_{2n+2}$. [color=#008000] Moderator says: http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/viewtopic.php?p=296007#p296007 http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/viewtopic.php?f=41&t=515970&hilit=Putnam+1990[/color]

2012 Today's Calculation Of Integral, 836

Tags: calculus , integration , trigonometry , calculus computations

Evaluate $\int_0^{\pi} e^{\sin x}\cos ^ 2(\sin x )\cos x\ dx$.

2005 Vietnam Team Selection Test, 3

Tags: algebra

$n$ is called [i]diamond 2005[/i] if $n=\overline{...ab999...99999cd...}$, e.g. $2005 \times 9$. Let $\{a_n\}:a_n< C\cdot n,\{a_n\}$ is increasing. Prove that $\{a_n\}$ contain infinite [i]diamond 2005[/i]. Compare with [url=http://www.mathlinks.ro/Forum/topic-15091.html]this problem.[/url]

1966 IMO Shortlist, 60

Tags: geometry , 3d geometry , tetrahedron , sphere

Prove that the sum of the distances of the vertices of a regular tetrahedron from the center of its circumscribed sphere is less than the sum of the distances of these vertices from any other point in space.

2001 Moldova National Olympiad, Problem 8

Tags: inequalities , algebra

If $a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_n$ are positive real numbers, prove the inequality $$\dfrac1{\dfrac1{1+a_1}+\dfrac1{1+a_2}+\ldots+\dfrac1{1+a_n}}-\dfrac1{\dfrac1{a_1}+\dfrac1{a_2}+\ldots+\dfrac1{a_n}}\ge\frac1n.$$

2015 Spain Mathematical Olympiad, 3

Tags: geometry

Let $ABC$ be a triangle. $M$, and $N$ points on $BC$, such that $BM=CN$, with $M$ in the interior of $BN$. Let $P$ and $Q$ be points in $AN$ and $AM$ respectively such that $\angle PMC= \angle MAB$, and $\angle QNB= \angle NAC$. Prove that $ \angle QBC= \angle PCB$.

1994 All-Russian Olympiad Regional Round, 10.3

Tags: angle bisector , geometry

A circle with center O is inscribed in a quadrilateral ABCD and touches its non-parallel sides BC and AD at E and F respectively. The lines AO and DO meet the segment EF at K and N respectively, and the lines BK and CN meet at M. Prove that the points O,K,M and N lie on a circle.

1980 Austrian-Polish Competition, 3

Tags: geometry , 3d geometry , tetrahedron , sphere , triangle inequality , angle

Prove that the sum of the six angles subtended at an interior point of a tetrahedron by its six edges is greater than 540°.