Olympiad problems

2006 Denmark MO - Mohr Contest, 2

Determine all sets of real numbers $(x,y,z)$ which fulfills $$\begin{cases} x + y =2 \\ xy -z^2= 1\end{cases}$$

2010 Tournament Of Towns, 2

Tags: parallelogram , geometry

In a quadrilateral $ABCD$ with an incircle, $AB = CD; BC < AD$ and $BC$ is parallel to $AD$. Prove that the bisector of $\angle C$ bisects the area of $ABCD$.

2011 Korea National Olympiad, 1

Tags: number theory

Find the number of positive integer $ n < 3^8 $ satisfying the following condition. "The number of positive integer $k (1 \leq k \leq \frac {n}{3})$ such that $ \frac{n!}{(n-3k)! \cdot k! \cdot 3^{k+1}} $ is not a integer" is $ 216 $.

2023 Sharygin Geometry Olympiad, 10.8

Tags: geometry

A triangle $ABC$ is given. Let $\omega_1$, $\omega_2$, $\omega_3$, $\omega_4$ be circles centered at points $X$, $Y$, $Z$, $T$ respectively such that each of lines $BC$, $CA$, $AB$ cuts off on them four equal chords. Prove that the centroid of $ABC$ divides the segment joining $X$ and the radical center of $\omega_2$, $\omega_3$, $\omega_4$ in the ratio $2:1$ from $X$.

2017 Thailand Mathematical Olympiad, 1

Tags: algebra , irrational number , irrational

Let $p$ be a prime. Show that $\sqrt[3]{p} +\sqrt[3]{p^5} $ is irrational.

2012 Tournament of Towns, 6

Tags: geometry , combinatorial geometry , perpendicular , centroid , regular polygon

(a) A point $A$ is marked inside a circle. Two perpendicular lines drawn through $A$ intersect the circle at four points. Prove that the centre of mass of these four points does not depend on the choice of the lines. (b) A regular $2n$-gon ($n \ge 2$) with centre $A$ is drawn inside a circle (A does not necessarily coincide with the centre of the circle). The rays going from $A$ to the vertices of the $2n$-gon mark $2n$ points on the circle. Then the $2n$-gon is rotated about $A$. The rays going from $A$ to the new locations of vertices mark new $2n$ points on the circle. Let $O$ and $N$ be the centres of gravity of old and new points respectively. Prove that $O = N$.

2025 Poland - First Round, 10

Tags: geometry

An acute triangle $ABC$ is given, in which $AB<AC$. Let $\Omega$ be the circumcircle of $ABC$. Points $M$ and $N$ are the midpoints of the longer arc $BC$ and shorter arc $BC$ of $\Omega$ respectively. Points $X\ne M$ and $Y\ne N$ lie on the line $AM$ and satisfy $BX=BM=CM=CY$. Let $E$ be a point on $AC$ such that $BE$ and $AC$ are perpendicular. Prove that $\angle FNX=\angle YNE$.

2011 Purple Comet Problems, 18

Tags:

Find the positive integer $n$ so that $n^2$ is the perfect square closest to $8 + 16 + 24 + \cdots + 8040.$

2023 Taiwan TST Round 3, G

Tags: geometry

Let $ABC$ be a scalene triangle with circumcenter $O$ and orthocenter $H$. Let $AYZ$ be another triangle sharing the vertex $A$ such that its circumcenter is $H$ and its orthocenter is $O$. Show that if $Z$ is on $BC$, then $A,H,O,Y$ are concyclic. [i]Proposed by usjl[/i]

2020 JBMO TST of France, 1

Tags: geometry

Given are four distinct points $A, B, E, P$ so that $P$ is the middle of $AE$ and $B$ is on the segment $AP$. Let $k_1$ and $k_2$ be two circles passing through $A$ and $B$. Let $t_1$ and $t_2$ be the tangents of $k_1$ and $k_2$, respectively, to $A$.Let $C$ be the intersection point of $t_2$ and $k_1$ and $Q$ be the intersection point of $t_2$ and the circumscribed circle of the triangle $ECB$. Let $D$ be the intersection posit of $t_1$ and $k_2$ and $R$ be the intersection point of $t_1$ and the circumscribed circle of triangle $BDE$. Prove that $P, Q, R$ are collinear.

2006 All-Russian Olympiad, 2

Tags: number theory

The sum and the product of two purely periodic decimal fractions $a$ and $b$ are purely periodic decimal fractions of period length $T$. Show that the lengths of the periods of the fractions $a$ and $b$ are not greater than $T$. [i]Note.[/i] A [i]purely periodic decimal fraction[/i] is a periodic decimal fraction without a non-periodic starting part.

2000 Tournament Of Towns, 1

Tags: area , geometry , midpoint

The diagonals of a convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ meet at $P$. The sum of the areas of triangles $PAB$ and $PCD$ is equal to the sum of areas of triangles $PAD$ and $PCB$. Prove that $P$ is the midpoint of either $AC$ or $BD$. (Folklore)

2023 USA IMOTST, 3

Tags: function , algebra

Let $\mathbb{N}$ denote the set of positive integers. Fix a function $f: \mathbb{N} \rightarrow \mathbb{N}$ and for any $m,n \in \mathbb{N}$ define $$\Delta(m,n)=\underbrace{f(f(\ldots f}_{f(n)\text{ times}}(m)\ldots))-\underbrace{f(f(\ldots f}_{f(m)\text{ times}}(n)\ldots)).$$ Suppose $\Delta(m,n) \neq 0$ for any distinct $m,n \in \mathbb{N}$. Show that $\Delta$ is unbounded, meaning that for any constant $C$ there exists $m,n \in \mathbb{N}$ with $\left|\Delta(m,n)\right| > C$.

2011 China Team Selection Test, 1

Tags: circumcircle , geometric transformation , reflection , perpendicular bisector , geometry

Let $AA',BB',CC'$ be three diameters of the circumcircle of an acute triangle $ABC$. Let $P$ be an arbitrary point in the interior of $\triangle ABC$, and let $D,E,F$ be the orthogonal projection of $P$ on $BC,CA,AB$, respectively. Let $X$ be the point such that $D$ is the midpoint of $A'X$, let $Y$ be the point such that $E$ is the midpoint of $B'Y$, and similarly let $Z$ be the point such that $F$ is the midpoint of $C'Z$. Prove that triangle $XYZ$ is similar to triangle $ABC$.

Russian TST 2014, P3

Tags: geometry , angle

On the sides $AB{}$ and $AC{}$ of the acute-angled triangle $ABC{}$ the points $M{}$ and $N{}$ are chosen such that $MN$ passes through the circumcenter of $ABC.$ Let $P{}$ and $Q{}$ be the midpoints of the segments $CM{}$ and $BN{}.$ Prove that $\angle POQ=\angle BAC.$

2020 CCA Math Bonanza, T4

Tags:

Compute \[ \left(\frac{4-\log_{36} 4 - \log_6 {18}}{\log_4 3} \right) \cdot \left( \log_8 {27} + \log_2 9 \right). \] [i]2020 CCA Math Bonanza Team Round #4[/i]

2006 District Olympiad, 1

Tags: logarithm , inequalities

Let $ a,b,c\in (0,1)$ and $ x,y,z\in (0, \plus{} \infty)$ be six real numbers such that \[ a^x \equal{} bc , \quad b^y \equal{} ca , \quad c^z \equal{} ab .\] Prove that \[ \frac 1{2 \plus{} x} \plus{} \frac 1{2 \plus{} y} \plus{} \frac 1{2 \plus{} z} \leq \frac 34 .\] [i]Cezar Lupu[/i]

2010 Harvard-MIT Mathematics Tournament, 4

Tags: geometry

Let $ABCD$ be an isosceles trapezoid such that $AB=10$, $BC=15$, $CD=28$, and $DA=15$. There is a point $E$ such that $\triangle AED$ and $\triangle AEB$ have the same area and such that $EC$ is minimal. Find $EC$.

2013 Chile TST Ibero, 3

Tags: geometry

The incircle of triangle $\triangle ABC$ touches $AC$ and $BC$ at $E$ and $D$ respectively. The excircle corresponding to $A$ touches the extensions of $BC$ at $A_1$, $CA$ at $B_1$, and $AB$ at $C_1$. Let $DE \cap A_1B_1 = L$. Prove that $L$ belongs to the circumcircle of triangle $\triangle A_1B_1C_1$.

India EGMO 2023 TST, 4

Tags: algebra , function , identity , periodic function

Let $f, g$ be functions $\mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ such that for all reals $x,y$, $$f(g(x) + y) = g(x + y)$$ Prove that either $f$ is the identity function or $g$ is periodic. [i]Proposed by Pranjal Srivastava[/i]

2014 Middle European Mathematical Olympiad, 6

Tags: geometric transformation , reflection , homothety , perpendicular bisector , geometry

Let the incircle $k$ of the triangle $ABC$ touch its side $BC$ at $D$. Let the line $AD$ intersect $k$ at $L \neq D$ and denote the excentre of $ABC$ opposite to $A$ by $K$. Let $M$ and $N$ be the midpoints of $BC$ and $KM$ respectively. Prove that the points $B, C, N,$ and $L$ are concyclic.

2022 Saudi Arabia JBMO TST, 2

Tags: inequalities , max , algebra

Consider non-negative real numbers $a, b, c$ satisfying the condition $a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = 2$ . Find the maximum value of the following expression $$P=\frac{\sqrt{b^2+c^2}}{3-a}+\frac{\sqrt{c^2+a^2}}{3-b}+a+b-2022c$$

2001 South africa National Olympiad, 5

Tags: geometry , circumcircle , parallelogram , trapezoid , incenter , cyclic quadrilateral , perpendicular bisector

Starting from a given cyclic quadrilateral $\mathcal{Q}_0$, a sequence of quadrilaterals is constructed so that $\mathcal{Q}_{k + 1}$ is the circumscribed quadrilateral of $\mathcal{Q}_k$ for $k = 0,1,\dots$. The sequence terminates when a quadrilateral is reached that is not cyclic. (The circumscribed quadrilateral of a cylic quadrilateral $ABCD$ has sides that are tangent to the circumcircle of $ABCD$ at $A$, $B$, $C$ and $D$.) Prove that the sequence always terminates, except when $\mathcal{Q}_0$ is a square.

Estonia Open Senior - geometry, 1999.1.5

Tags: geometry , angle bisector , concurrency

On the side $BC$ of the triangle $ABC$ a point $D$ different from $B$ and $C$ is chosen so that the bisectors of the angles $ACB$ and $ADB$ intersect on the side $AB$. Let $D'$ be the symmetrical point to $D$ with respect to the line $AB$. Prove that the points $C, A$ and $D'$ are on the same line.

2009 Sharygin Geometry Olympiad, 11

Tags: circumcircle , trapezoid , number theory , least common multiple , geometry

Given quadrilateral $ ABCD$. The circumcircle of $ ABC$ is tangent to side $ CD$, and the circumcircle of $ ACD$ is tangent to side $ AB$. Prove that the length of diagonal $ AC$ is less than the distance between the midpoints of $ AB$ and $ CD$.