Found problems: 85335
If $a, b$ are positive real numbers with sum $3$ and the positive real numbers $x, y, z$ have product $1$, prove that: $(ax + b)(ay + b)(az + b) \ge 27$. When equality holds?
On a $2\times 40$ chessboard colored black and white in the standard alternating pattern, $20$ rooks are placed randomly on the black squares. The expected number of white squares with only rooks as neighbors can be expressed as $a/b$, where $a$ and $b$ are coprime positive integers. What is $a + b$? (Two squares are said to be neighbors if they share an edge.)
For a sequence of integers $a_1,a_2,a_3,...$ with $0<a_1<a_2<a_3<...$ applies:
$$a_n=4a_{n-1}-a_{n-2} \,\,\, for \,\,\, n > 2$$
It is further given that $a_4 = 194$. Calculate $a_5$.
Consider an $n\times{n}$ grid formed by $n^2$ unit squares. We define the centre of a unit square as the intersection of its diagonals.
Find the smallest integer $m$ such that, choosing any $m$ unit squares in the grid, we always get four unit squares among them whose centres are vertices of a parallelogram.
Find all positive integers $k>1$, such that there exist positive integer $n$, such that the number $A=17^{18n}+4.17^{2n}+7.19^{5n}$ is product of $k$ consecutive positive integers.
Let $M, N, P, Q$ be points on sides $AB, BC, CD, DA$ of a convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ such that $AQ = DP = CN = BM$. Prove that if $MNPQ$ is a square, then $ABCD$ is also a square.
Let $n$ be a integer and $n \ge 3$, and $T_1T_2...T_n$ is a regular n-gon. Distinct $3$ points $T_i , T_j , T_k$ are chosen randomly. Determine the probability of triangle $T_iT_jT_k$ being an acute triangle.
Let $ p \ge 3$ be a prime number. The sequence $ \{a_{n}\}_{n \ge 0}$ is defined by $ a_{n}=n$ for all $ 0 \le n \le p-1$, and $ a_{n}=a_{n-1}+a_{n-p}$ for all $ n \ge p$. Compute $ a_{p^{3}}\; \pmod{p}$.
A strictly increasing sequence $(a_n)$ has the property that $\gcd(a_m,a_n) = a_{\gcd(m,n)}$ for all $m,n\in \mathbb{N}$. Suppose $k$ is the least positive integer for which there exist positive integers $r < k < s$ such that $a_k^2 = a_ra_s$. Prove that $r | k$ and $k | s$.
On January $20$, $2018$, Sally notices that her $7$ children have ages which sum to a perfect square: their ages are $1$, $3$, $5$, $7$, $9$, $11$, and $13$, with $1+3+5+7+9+11+13=49$. Let $N$ be the age of the youngest child the next year the sum of the $7$ children's ages is a perfect square on January $20$th, and let $P$ be that perfect square. Find $N+P$.
[i]2018 CCA Math Bonanza Lightning Round #2.3[/i]
Prove that there is no $1989$-digit natural number at least three of whose digits are equal to $5$ and such that the product of its digits equals their sum.
Determine all integers $ n\geq 2$ having the following property: for any integers $a_1,a_2,\ldots, a_n$ whose sum is not divisible by $n$, there exists an index $1 \leq i \leq n$ such that none of the numbers $$a_i,a_i+a_{i+1},\ldots,a_i+a_{i+1}+\ldots+a_{i+n-1}$$ is divisible by $n$. Here, we let $a_i=a_{i-n}$ when $i >n$.
[i]Proposed by Warut Suksompong, Thailand[/i]
Find all functions $f: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ such that
\[f(x)f(y) = (x+y+1)^2 \cdot f \left( \frac{xy-1}{x+y+1} \right)\] $\forall x,y \in \mathbb{R}$ with $x+y+1 \neq 0$ and $f(x) > 1$ $\forall x > 0.$
If the inradius of a triangle is half of its circumradius, prove that the triangle is equilateral.
Two unequal circles intersect at $X$ and $Y$. Their common tangents intersect at $Z$. One of the tangents touches the circles at $P$ and $Q$. Show that $ZX$ is tangent to the circumcircle of $PXQ$.
Given a polynomial of real coefficients P(x) , can it be affirmed that for any real value of x is true of one of the following inequalities:
$$P(x) \le P(x)^2; \,\,\, P(x) < 1 + P(x)^2; \,\,\,P(x) \le \frac12 +\frac12 P(x)^2.$$
Find a simple general procedure (among the many existing ones) that allows, provided we are given two polynomials $P(x)$ and $Q(x)$ , find another $M(x)$ such that for every value of $x$, at the same time
$-M(x) < P(x)<M(x)$ and $-M(x)< Q(x)<M(x)$.
Let $r$, $s$, $t$ be the roots of the polynomial $x^3+2x^2+x-7$. Then \[ \left(1+\frac{1}{(r+2)^2}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{(s+2)^2}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{(t+2)^2}\right)=\frac{m}{n} \] for relatively prime positive integers $m$ and $n$. Compute $100m+n$.
[i]Proposed by Justin Stevens[/i]
[list=a]
[*]Let $A$ be a matrix from $\mathcal{M}_{2}(\mathbb{C})$, $A\neq aI_{2}$,
for any $a\in\mathbb{C}$. Prove that the matrix $X$ from $\mathcal{M}
_{2}(\mathbb{C})$ commutes with $A$, that is, $AX=XA$, if and only if there
exist two complex numbers $\alpha$ and $\alpha^{\prime}$, such that $X=\alpha
A+\alpha^{\prime}I_{2}$.
[*]Let $A$, $B$ and $C$ be matrices from $\mathcal{M}_{2}(\mathbb{C})$, such
that $AB\neq BA$, $AC=CA$ and $BC=CB$. Prove that $C$ commutes with all
matrices from $\mathcal{M}_{2}(\mathbb{C})$.[/list]
Find all all positive integers x,y,and z satisfying the equation $x^3=3^y7^z+8$
Let $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$ be real numbers, but not all of them null. Show that the equation $$\sqrt{x+a_1}+\sqrt{x+a_2}+\ldots+\sqrt{x+a_n}=n\sqrt{x}$$ has at most one real solution.
Suppose $X, Y, Z$ are collinear points in that order such that $XY = 1$ and $YZ = 3$. Let $W$ be a point such that $YW = 5$, and define $O_1$ and $O_2$ as the circumcenters of triangles $\triangle WXY$ and $\triangle WYZ$, respectively. What is the minimum possible length of segment $\overline{O_1O_2}$?
In a company of people some pairs are enemies. A group of people is called [i]unsociable[/i] if the number of members in the group is odd and at least $3$, and it is possible to arrange all its members around a round table so that every two neighbors are enemies. Given that there are at most $2015$ unsociable groups, prove that it is possible to partition the company into $11$ parts so that no two enemies are in the same part.
[i]Proposed by Russia[/i]
Let $ABC$ be a scalene acute triangle, where $AL$ $(L \in BC)$ is the internal bisector of $\angle BAC$ and $M$ is the midpoint of $BC$. Let the internal bisectors of $\angle AMB$ and $\angle CMA$ intersect $AB$ and $AC$ in $P$ and $Q$, respectively. Prove that the circumcircle of $APQ$ is tangent to $BC$ if and only if $L$ belongs to it.
On the same side of a straight line three circles are drawn as follows: a circle with a radius of $4$ inches is tangent to the line, the other two circles are equal, and each is tangent to the line and to the other two circles. The radius of the equal circles is:
$ \textbf{(A)}\ 24 \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ 20\qquad\textbf{(C)}\ 18\qquad\textbf{(D)}\ 16\qquad\textbf{(E)}\ 12 $
Let $a_1,a_2,\ldots,a_6$ be a sequence of integers such that for all $1 \le i \le 5$,$$a_{i+1}=\frac{a_i}{3} \quad \text{or} \quad a_{i+1}={-}2a_i.$$Find the number of possible positive values of $a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_6$ less than $1000$.
[i]Proposed by [b]stayhomedomath[/b][/i]