Let $p_{1}=2, p_{2}={3}, p_{3}=5, \cdots, p_{n}$ be the first $n$ prime numbers, where $n \ge 3$. Prove that \[\frac{1}{{p_{1}}^{2}}+\frac{1}{{p_{2}}^{2}}+\cdots+\frac{1}{{p_{n}}^{2}}+\frac{1}{p_{1}p_{2}\cdots p_{n}}< \frac{1}{2}.\]

Find the maximum number of rectangles with sides equal to 1 and 2 and parallel to the coordinate axes such that each two have an area equal to 1 in common.

Segment $AB$ intersects two equal circles, is parallel to the line joining their centres, and all the points of intersection of the segment and the circles lie between $A$ and $B$. From the point $A$ tangents to the circle nearest to $A$ are drawn, and from the point $B$ tangents to the circle nearest to $B$ are also drawn. It turns out that the quadrilateral formed by the four tangents extended contains both circles. Prove that a circle can be drawn so that it touches all four sides of the quadrilateral. (P Kozhevnikov)

Inside the triangle $ABC$, point $O$ was chosen so that the triangles $AOB, BOC, COA$ turned out to be similar. Prove that triangle $ABC$ is equilateral.

In quadrilateral $ABCD$, angles $A$ and $C$ are equal. Angle bisector of $B$ intersects line $AD$ at point $P$. Perpendicular on $BP$ passing through point $A$ intersects line $BC$ at point $Q$. Prove that the lines $PQ$ and $CD$ are parallel.

Consider the group $ \{f:\mathbb{C}\setminus\mathbb{Q}\longrightarrow\mathbb{C}\setminus\mathbb{Q} | f\text{ is bijective}\} $ under the composition of functions. Find the order of the smallest subgroup of it that: $ \text{(1)} $ contains the function $ z\mapsto \frac{z-1}{z+1} . $ $ \text{(2)} $ contains the function $ z\mapsto \frac{z-3}{z+1} . $ $ \text{(3)} $ contain both of the above functions.

The average of the numbers $ 1,2,3,...,98,99$, and $ x$ is $ 100x$. What is $ x$? $ \textbf{(A)}\ \frac{49}{101} \qquad\textbf{(B)}\ \frac{50}{101} \qquad\textbf{(C)}\ \frac12 \qquad\textbf{(D)}\ \frac{51}{101} \qquad\textbf{(E)}\ \frac{50}{99}$

Determine the number of all numbers which are represented as $x^2+y^2$ with $x, y \in \{1, 2, 3, \ldots, 1000\}$ and which are divisible by 121.

Let $A$, $B$ and $C$ be three points on a line (in this order). For each circle $k$ through the points $B$ and $C$, let $D$ be one point of intersection of the perpendicular bisector of $BC$ with the circle $k$. Further, let $E$ be the second point of intersection of the line $AD$ with $k$. Show that for each circle $k$, the ratio of lengths $\overline{BE}:\overline{CE}$ is the same.

Let $ (a_{n})_{n\ge 1}$ be a sequence of positive integers satisfying $ (a_{m},a_{n}) = a_{(m,n)}$ (for all $ m,n\in N^ +$). Prove that for any $ n\in N^ + ,\prod_{d|n}{a_{d}^{\mu (\frac {n}{d})}}$ is an integer. where $ d|n$ denotes $ d$ take all positive divisors of $ n.$ Function $ \mu (n)$ is defined as follows: if $ n$ can be divided by square of certain prime number, then $ \mu (1) = 1;\mu (n) = 0$; if $ n$ can be expressed as product of $ k$ different prime numbers, then $ \mu (n) = ( - 1)^k.$

Prove that $$x^2 +\frac{8}{xy}+ y^2 \ge 8$$ for all positive real numbers $x$ and $y$.

Find the number of perfect squares that divide $20^{20}$.

A pyramid with the base $ABCD$ and the top $V$ is inscribed in a sphere. Let $AD = 2BC$ and let the rays $AB$ and $DC$ intersect in point $E$. Compute the ratio of the volume of the pyramid $VAED$ to the volume of the pyramid $VABCD$.

Find all positive integers $k$ for which there exists a function $f: \mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{Z}$ satisfying $f(1997)=1998$ and $f(ab)=f(a)+f(b)+kf(\gcd{(a,b)})\forall a,b$.

$H,I,O,N$ are orthogonal center, incenter, circumcenter, and Nagelian point of triangle $ABC$. $I_{a},I_{b},I_{c}$ are excenters of $ABC$ corresponding vertices $A,B,C$. $S$ is point that $O$ is midpoint of $HS$. Prove that centroid of triangles $I_{a}I_{b}I_{c}$ and $SIN$ concide.

Solve for real numbers $x$ and $y$, \begin{eqnarray*} \\ xy^2 &=& 15x^2 + 17xy +15y^2 ; \\ \\ x^2y &=& 20x^2 + 3y^2. \end{eqnarray*}

Alice places down $n$ bishops on a $2015\times 2015$ chessboard such that no two bishops are attacking each other. (Bishops attack each other if they are on a diagonal.) [list=a] [*]Find, with proof, the maximum possible value of $n$. [*](A1 only) For this maximal $n$, find, with proof, the number of ways she could place her bishops on the chessboard. [/list]

Let $ ABC$ a triangle and $ X$, $ Y$ and $ Z$ points at the segments $ BC$, $ AC$ and $ AB$, respectively.Let $ A'$, $ B'$ and $ C'$ the circuncenters of triangles $ AZY$,$ BXZ$,$ CYX$, respectively.Prove that $ 4(A'B'C')\geq(ABC)$ with equality if and only if $ AA'$, $ BB'$ and $ CC'$ are concurrents. Note: $ (XYZ)$ denotes the area of $ XYZ$

In triangle $ABC$, let $O$ be the circumcenter and let $G$ be the centroid. The line perpendicular to $OG$ at $O $ intersects $BC$ at $M$ such that $M$, $G$, and $A$ are collinear and $OM = 3$. Compute the area of $ABC$, given that $OG = 1$.

We denote with $m_a$, $m_g$ the arithmetic mean and geometrical mean, respectively, of the positive numbers $x,y$. a) If $m_a+m_g=y-x$, determine the value of $\dfrac xy$; b) Prove that there exists exactly one pair of different positive integers $(x,y)$ for which $m_a+m_g=40$.

Find all pairs of natural numbers $x$ and $y$ for which $x^2+3y$ and $y^2+3x$ are simultaneously squares of natural numbers.

The diagram below shows the circular face of a clock with radius $20$ cm and a circular disk with radius $10$ cm externally tangent to the clock face at $12$ o'clock. The disk has an arrow painted on it, initially pointing in the upward vertical direction. Let the disk roll clockwise around the clock face. At what point on the clock face will the disk be tangent when the arrow is next pointing in the upward vertical direction? [asy] size(170); defaultpen(linewidth(0.9)+fontsize(13pt)); draw(unitcircle^^circle((0,1.5),0.5)); path arrow = origin--(-0.13,-0.35)--(-0.06,-0.35)--(-0.06,-0.7)--(0.06,-0.7)--(0.06,-0.35)--(0.13,-0.35)--cycle; for(int i=1;i<=12;i=i+1) { draw(0.9*dir(90-30*i)--dir(90-30*i)); label("$"+(string) i+"$",0.78*dir(90-30*i)); } dot(origin); draw(shift((0,1.87))*arrow); draw(arc(origin,1.5,68,30),EndArrow(size=12));[/asy] $ \textbf{(A) }\text{2 o'clock} \qquad\textbf{(B) }\text{3 o'clock} \qquad\textbf{(C) }\text{4 o'clock} \qquad\textbf{(D) }\text{6 o'clock} \qquad\textbf{(E) }\text{8 o'clock} $

Let $ \theta_1, \theta_2,\ldots , \theta_{2008}$ be real numbers. Find the maximum value of $ \sin\theta_1\cos\theta_2 \plus{} \sin\theta_2\cos\theta_3 \plus{} \ldots \plus{} \sin\theta_{2007}\cos\theta_{2008} \plus{} \sin\theta_{2008}\cos\theta_1$

Points $C_0$ and $B_0$ are the respective midpoints of sides $AB$ and $AC$ of a non-isosceles acute triangle $ABC$, $O$ is its circumscenter and $H$ is the orthocenter. Lines $BH$ and $OC_0$ intersect at $P$, while lines $CH$ and $OB_0$ intersect at $Q$. $OPHQ$ is rhombus. Prove that points $A$, $P$ and $Q$ are collinear. (Author: L. Emelyanov)

There is a $8\times 8$ table, drawn in a plane and painted in a chess board fashion. Peter mentally chooses a square and an interior point in it. Basil can draws any polygon (without self-intersections) in the plane and ask Peter whether the chosen point is inside or outside this polygon. What is the minimal number of questions suffcient to determine whether the chosen point is black or white?